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    RAF1 v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5894, updated on 12-May-2013
    Official Symbol
    RAF1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:9829
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000132155; HPRD:01265; MIM:164760; Vega:OTTHUMG00000129789
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    NS5; CRAF; Raf-1; c-Raf
    Summary
    This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Location :
    3p25
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 3; NC_000003.11 (12625100..12705700, complement)
    See RAF1 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene tRNA splicing endonuclease 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae) Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100129480 Neighboring gene makorin ring finger protein 2 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 40 Neighboring gene keratin 18 pseudogene 17

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. VCP phosphorylation-dependent interaction partners prevent apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. Yu CC, et al. PLoS One, 2013. PMID 23383273.
    2. Effects of Raf dimerization and its inhibition on normal and disease-associated Raf signaling. Freeman AK, et al. Mol Cell, 2013 Feb 21. PMID 23352452.
    3. Relief of profound feedback inhibition of mitogenic signaling by RAF inhibitors attenuates their activity in BRAFV600E melanomas. Lito P, et al. Cancer Cell, 2012 Nov 13. PMID 23153539.
    4. RanBPM is an inhibitor of ERK signaling. Atabakhsh E, et al. PLoS One, 2012. PMID 23118896.
    5. Direct and indirect control of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-associated components, BRAP/IMP E3 ubiquitin ligase and CRAF/RAF1 kinase, by the deubiquitylating enzyme USP15. Hayes SD, et al. J Biol Chem, 2012 Dec 14. PMID 23105109.

    See all (404) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. these findings establish RanBPM as a novel inhibitor of the ERK pathway through an interaction with the c-Raf complex and a regulation of c-Raf stability
      Title: RanBPM is an inhibitor of ERK signaling.
    2. Gefitinib reverses the MDR protein gene expression and restores sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells resistant to gemcitabine via RAF1/ERK signaling pathway.
      Title: Reversal of multidrug resistance by gefitinib via RAF1/ERK pathway in pancreatic cancer cell line.
    3. Ras pathway activation via EGF treatment induced strong binding between B-Raf and C-Raf and a low level of binding between B-Raf and A-Raf.
      Title: Effects of Raf dimerization and its inhibition on normal and disease-associated Raf signaling.
    4. osteosarcoma patients whose tumors expressed raf-1 had a poorer clinical outcome than those whose tumors did not.
      Title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in osteosarcoma.
    5. Investigated BRAF and RAF1 alterations in Chinese prostate cancer.Found BRAF truncated in five of 200 informative Chinese cases & RAF1 was truncated in three of 204 informative cases and genomic rearrangements were correlated w/high Gleason scores.
      Title: Identification of frequent BRAF copy number gain and alterations of RAF genes in Chinese prostate cancer.
    6. results suggest a novel mechanism that the interaction of Raf-1 with cytoskeletal actin is critical for Raf-1 redistribution and airway smooth muscle cell proliferation during activation with the growth factor
      Title: Raf-1, actin dynamics, and abelson tyrosine kinase in human airway smooth muscle cells.
    7. The dominant effect of prolonged USP15 depletion upon signal amplitude is due to a decrease in CRAF levels while allowing for the possibility that USP15 may also function to dampen MAPK signaling through direct stabilization of BRAP.
      Title: Direct and indirect control of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-associated components, BRAP/IMP E3 ubiquitin ligase and CRAF/RAF1 kinase, by the deubiquitylating enzyme USP15.
    8. SHOC2 and CRAF mediate ERK1/2 reactivation in mutant NRAS-mediated resistance to RAF inhibitor.
      Title: SHOC2 and CRAF mediate ERK1/2 reactivation in mutant NRAS-mediated resistance to RAF inhibitor.
    9. Data indicate that erufosine caused dose-dependent decreases in the phosphorylation of PI3K (p85), Akt (PKB) at Thr 308 and cRaf in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cell lines.
      Title: Erufosine suppresses breast cancer in vitro and in vivo for its activity on PI3K, c-Raf and Akt proteins.
    10. Determination of a 1:1 stoichiometry for the diphosphorylated peptide binding to one 14-3-3zeta dimer with isothermal titration calorimetry was supported by the crystal structure of the 14-3-3zeta/C-RAFpS233,pS259 complex.
      Title: Synergistic binding of the phosphorylated S233- and S259-binding sites of C-RAF to one 14-3-3ζ dimer.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (172)

    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    LEOPARD syndrome 2

    Summary from GeneReviews: LEOPARD Syndrome Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    LEOPARD syndrome (LS) is an acronym for the cardinal features lentigines, ECG conduction abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonic stenosis, abnormal genitalia, retardation of growth, and sensorineural deafness. Multiple lentigines present as dispersed flat, black-brown macules, mostly on the face, neck and upper part of the trunk with sparing of the mucosa. In general, lentigines do not appear until age four to five years but then increase to the thousands by puberty. Some individuals with LS do not exhibit lentigines. Approximately 85% of affected individuals have heart defects, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (typically appearing during infancy and sometimes progressive) and pulmonary valve stenosis. Postnatal growth retardation resulting in short stature occurs in fewer than 50% of affected persons. Sensorineural hearing deficits, present in approximately 20%, are poorly characterized. Intellectual disability, typically mild, is observed in approximately 30% of persons with LS.
    Diagnosis Testing
    The diagnosis of LS is made on clinical grounds by observation of key features. PTPN11, RAF1, and BRAF are the genes known to be associated with LS. Molecular genetic testing of the three genes identifies mutations in about 95% of affected individuals. At least one additional causative gene is likely to exist.
    Genetic Counseling
    LS is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. A proband with LS may have the disorder as the result of a new gene mutation; the proportion of cases caused by de novo mutations is unknown. Each child of an individual with LS has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation. Prenatal diagnosis for pregnancies at increased risk is possible if the disease-causing mutation in an affected family member is known.
    References

    Noonan syndrome 5

    Summary from GeneReviews: Noonan Syndrome Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by short stature, congenital heart defect, and developmental delay of variable degree. Other findings can include broad or webbed neck, unusual chest shape with superior pectus carinatum and inferior pectus excavatum, cryptorchidism, characteristic facies, varied coagulation defects, lymphatic dysplasias, and ocular abnormalities. Although birth length is usually normal, final adult height approaches the lower limit of normal. Congenital heart disease occurs in 50%-80% of individuals. Pulmonary valve stenosis, often with dysplasia, is the most common heart defect and is found in 20%-50% of individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, found in 20%-30% of individuals, may be present at birth or develop in infancy or childhood. Other structural defects include atrial and ventricular septal defects, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, and tetralogy of Fallot. Up to one third of affected individuals have mild intellectual disability.
    Diagnosis Testing
    NS is diagnosed on clinical grounds by observation of key features. Affected individuals have normal chromosome studies. Molecular genetic testing identifies a mutation in PTPN11 in 50% of affected individuals, SOS1 in approximately 13%, RAF1 in 3% to 17%, and KRAS in fewer than 5%. Other genes in which mutations have been reported to cause Noonan syndrome in fewer than 1% of cases include NRAS, BRAF, and MAP2K1.
    Genetic Counseling
    NS is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Although many individuals with NS have a de novo mutation, an affected parent is recognized in 30%-75% of families. The risk to sibs of a proband depends on the genetic status of the parents. If a parent is affected, the risk is 50%. When the parents are clinically unaffected, the risk to the sibs of a proband appears to be low (<1%). Each child of an individual with Noonan syndrome has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation. Prenatal testing is possible if the disease-causing allele has been identified in an affected family member.
    References
    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env DC-SIGN-induced signaling by HIV-1 is essential for Raf-1-mediated phosphorylation of p65 NFkappaB at Ser276, which recruits pTEF-b to HIV-1 LTR to phosphorylate RNAPII at Ser2 PubMed
    env Interaction of gp120 with DC-SIGN activates Raf-1 and phosphorylates Raf-1 at positions Ser338, Tyr340, and Tyr341 PubMed
    env Binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 molecules results in the association of Lck and Raf-1, which is abolished by preincubation of the virus with soluble CD4 PubMed
    Nef, p27 nef A conserved acidic sequence motif in HIV-1 Nef at positions 174-179 binds to c-Raf1; the interaction of Nef with c-Raf1 leads to a downstream transduction of cell signaling through the c-Raf1-MAP kinase pathway in vivo PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_002871.1 NP_004324.2 BRAF    BIND  PubMed B-RAF interacts with C-RAF. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between human B-RAF and monkey C-RAF . 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005989.2 CCT3    BIND  PubMed C-RAF interacts with CCT3. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005989.2 CCT3    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with CCT3 (hC87). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_003644.2 COPS3    BIND  PubMed C-RAF interacts with SGN3. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_003644.2 COPS3    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with COPS3 (SGN3). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_001866.2 CPS1    BIND  PubMed C-RAF interacts with CPS1. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_001866.2 CPS1    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with CPS1. 
    NP_002871.1 EFEMP1    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with an unspecified isoform of EFEMP1 (FBNL). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005334.1 HRAS    BIND  PubMed C-RAF interacts with Ha-Ras. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005334.1 HRAS    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with HRAS (Ha-Ras). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005334.1 HRAS    BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with Ras. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005334.1 HRAS    BIND  PubMed Raf interacts with Ras. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human Raf and rat Ras. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005334.1 HRAS    BIND  PubMed Raf interacts with Ras. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between Raf and an unspecified source and human Ras. 
    NP_002871.1 HRAS    BIND  PubMed Hras interacts with Raf. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between Hras and Raf, both from an unspecified species. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005339.2 HSP90AA1    BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with Hsp90. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human Raf-1 and monkey Hsp90. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002746.1 MAP2K1    BIND  PubMed MEK1 interacts with and is phosphorylated by Raf-1. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human MEK1 and Raf-1 from an unspecified species. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002746.1 MAP2K1    BIND  PubMed Raf interacts with and phosphorylates Mek1 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002746.1 MAP2K1    BIND  PubMed MEK1 interacts with c-Raf 
    NP_002871.1 NP_109587.1 MAP2K2    BIND  PubMed Raf interacts with Mek2. 
    NP_002871.1 Q13233 MAP3K1    BIND  PubMed MEKK1 interacts with Raf-1. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002736.2 MAPK1    BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with ERK2. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between human Raf-1 and ERK2 from an unspecified species. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002515.1 NRAS    BIND  PubMed Nras interacts with Raf. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between Nras and Raf, both from an unspecified species. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_803877.2 NUDT14    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with NUDT14 (hA21). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_009211.1 OIP5    BIND  PubMed C-RAF interacts with OIP5. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_009211.1 OIP5    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with OIP5 (hC73). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_060962.2 PBK    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with PBK (TOPK). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002558.1 PEBP1    BIND  PubMed RKIP interacts with Raf-1. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between RKIP from an unspecified species and Raf-1 from an unspecified species. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_659399.1 PEBP4    BIND  PubMed hPEBP4 interacts with Raf-1. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human hPEBP4 and mouse Raf-1. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002625.1 PHB    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (c-Raf) interacts with PHB. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_006212.1 PIN1    BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with Pin1. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between human Raf-1 and Pin1 from monkey and unspecified species. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002645.3 PKM    BIND  PubMed C-RAF interacts with PyK. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002645.3 PKM    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with PKM2 (PyK). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_002708.1 PPP2R2A    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (c-Raf) interact with an unspecified isoform of PPP2R2A (PP2A-A). 
    NP_002871.1 PPP2R2B    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (c-Raf) interacts with an unspecified isoform of PPP2R2B (PP2A-B). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_065149.2 PPP2R2C    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (c-Raf) interacts with an unspecified isoform of PPP2R2C (PP2A-C). 
    NP_002871.1 AAH70031.1 RAP2A    BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with Rap2. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between Raf-1 from unspecified species and human Rap2. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_000312.1 RB1    BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with Rb. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005602.2 RBL2    BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with p130. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_005605.1 RHEB    BIND  PubMed RAF interacts with Rheb. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_036382.2 RRAS2    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with RRAS2 (R-Ras). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_006272.1 STK3    BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with MST2. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human Raf-1 and monkey MST2. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_001001563.1 TIMM50    BIND  PubMed C-RAF interacts with TIMM50. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_001001563.1 TIMM50    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with TIMM50 (hC22). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_003395.1 YWHAB    BIND  PubMed C-RAF interacts with 14-3-3-beta. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_003395.1 YWHAB    BIND  PubMed RAF1 (C-Raf) interacts with YWHAB (14-3-3-beta). 
    NP_002871.1 NP_006752.1 YWHAE    BIND  PubMed 14-3-3-epsilon interacts with Raf-1. 
    NP_002871.1 NP_003397.1 YWHAZ    BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with 14-3-3 zeta. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between human Raf-1 and murine 14-3-3-zeta. 
    NP_002871.1     BIND  PubMed Raf-1 interacts with CASP9 dimer. 
    NP_002871.1     BIND  PubMed RAF1 (RAF) interacts with GTP-HRAS (GTP-RAS). 
    P04049 O43306 ADCY6    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P30556 AGTR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P31749 AKT1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P10275 AR    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P32121 ARRB2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q92934 BAD    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q99933 BAG1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P10415 BCL2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P15056 BRAF    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P49368 CCT3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P30304 CDC25A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 O15519 CFLAR    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q969H4 CNKSR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q9UNS2 COPS3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P31327 CPS1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q09013 DMPK    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q12805 EFEMP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q96RT1 ERBB2IP    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P06241 FYN    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P62879 GNB2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P50150 GNG4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q13322 GRB10    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P01112 HRAS    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P07900 HSP90AA1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P34932 HSPA4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P11142 HSPA8    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P14784 IL2RB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P06213 INSR    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q9NVR2 INTS10    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P23458 JAK1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 O60674 JAK2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P01116 KRAS    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P05783 KRT18    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P05787 KRT8    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q8IVT5 KSR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q6VAB6 KSR2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P06239 LCK    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q02750 MAP2K1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P36507 MAP2K2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q99683 MAP3K5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P28482 MAPK1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P27361 MAPK3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q13164 MAPK7    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q9UPT6 MAPK8IP3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 O14807 MRAS    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 MST4 MST4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P01106 MYC    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P04150 NR3C1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P01111 NRAS    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 O95848 NUDT14    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 O43482 OIP5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q13153 PAK1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q13177 PAK2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 O75914 PAK3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q96KB5 PBK    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P09619 PDGFRB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P30086 PEBP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q8IYB4 PEX5L    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P35232 PHB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q13526 PIN1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P14618 PKM    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P36873 PPP1CC    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q13131 PRKAA1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P17612 PRKACA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P17252 PRKCA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q05655 PRKCD    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q02156 PRKCE    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q05513 PRKCZ    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P14619 PRKG1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P04049 RAF1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P62834 RAP1A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P10114 RAP2A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P06400 RB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q08999 RBL2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 O14593 RFXANK    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q15382 RHEB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P62070 RRAS2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q15404 RSU1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q9UQ13 SHOC2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 O43597 SPRY2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q9C004 SPRY4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P12931 SRC    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q13188 STK3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P21731 TBXA2R    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q3ZCQ8 TIMM50    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q99576 TSC22D3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P15498 VAV1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P21796 VDAC1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P31946 YWHAB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P62258 YWHAE    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P61981 YWHAG    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 Q04917 YWHAH    HPRD  PubMed  
    P04049 P63104 YWHAZ    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:106710 AKT1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:106862 AR    BioGRID  PubMed Co-purification 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:247426 Arrb2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:107048 BAD    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:107049 BAG1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:107068 BCL2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:107070 BCL2L1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:107076 BCL6    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:106826 BIRC2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:106827 BIRC3    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:122670 BIRC7    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:107141 BRAF    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113912 BRAP    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:107252 CALM1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113054 CCT3    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:107428 CDC25A    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:114364 CFLAR    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:115550 CNKSR1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:116534 CNKSR2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:108237 EEF1A1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109502 ERAS    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:108810 FYN    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109045 GNB2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109048 GNG4    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109144 GRB10    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Co-fractionation; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109501 HRAS    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:35923 HSP82    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109552 HSP90AA1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Luminescence; Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109541 HSPA5    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109544 HSPA8    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109561 HSPD1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:200416 Hras1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109919 JAK1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109920 JAK2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:110043 KRAS    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:114371 KSR1    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:201048 Ksr1    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:114563 LATS1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:110124 LCK    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:110221 LRPAP1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:110236 LTK    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111590 MAP2K1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111591 MAP2K2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:110378 MAP3K1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:110381 MAP3K5    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111580 MAPK1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111581 MAPK3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111584 MAPK7    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111585 MAPK8    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:116774 MAPK8IP3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:122103 MMS19    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:116486 MRAS    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:119722 MST4    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:110694 MYC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:110811 NEDD4    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:116915 NEDD4L    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109165 NR3C1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:110952 NRAS    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:116467 OIP5    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111095 PAK1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111185 PDGFRB    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111076 PEBP1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:127592 PEBP4    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111264 PHB    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111274 PHKA2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111317 PIN1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111495 PPP1CC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111508 PPP2CB    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111567 PRKCE    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111576 PRKCZ    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111578 PRKG1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:117298 PRPF6    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111841 RAP1A    BioGRID  PubMed Co-crystal Structure; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:117095 RASD2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111860 RB1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111867 RBBP8    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111869 RBL2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:114180 RFXANK    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:111941 RHEB    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:112151 RRAS    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:116480 RRAS2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:202875 Rfxank    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:112242 SCNN1B    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:109072 SFN    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:112344 SGK1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113729 SHOC2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:115547 SPRY2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:123599 SPRY4    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:112592 SRC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:112664 STK3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:115563 STUB1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:108165 TSC22D3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113170 UBE2D2    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113252 VAV1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113258 VCP    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113259 VDAC1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:124019 WDR83    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:106828 XIAP    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113361 YWHAB    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113363 YWHAE    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113364 YWHAG    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113365 YWHAH    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:116168 YWHAQ    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113366 YWHAZ    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111831 BioGRID:113360 YY1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    • AGE/RAGE pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      AGE/RAGE pathway, organism-specific biosystemAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are heterogeneous group of non-enzymatic malliard reaction products of aldose sugar with proteins and lipids. Formation of AGEs is an indicator of one of the ma...
    • ARMS-mediated activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      ARMS-mediated activation, organism-specific biosystemARMS (Ankyrin-Rich Membrane Spanning/Kidins 220) is a 220kD tetraspanning adaptor protein which becomes rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated by active Trk receptors. ARMS is another adaptor protein which ...
    • Activation of NMDA receptor upon glutamate binding and postsynaptic events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Activation of NMDA receptor upon glutamate binding and postsynaptic events, organism-specific biosystemNMDA receptors are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors that are specifically activated by a glutamate agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Activation of NMDA receptor involves opening of the ...
    • Acute myeloid leukemia, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Acute myeloid leukemia, organism-specific biosystemAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease that is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of clonal neoplastic cells and accumulation in the bone marrow of blasts with an impaired differentiation...
    • Acute myeloid leukemia, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Acute myeloid leukemia, conserved biosystemAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease that is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of clonal neoplastic cells and accumulation in the bone marrow of blasts with an impaired differentiation...
    • Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystemAdaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response efficiently involved in clearing the pathogens. The adaptive immune system is comprised of B and T lymphocytes that express receptors with...
    • Alcoholism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Alcoholism, organism-specific biosystemAlcoholism, also called dependence on alcohol (ethanol), is a chronic relapsing disorder that is progressive and has serious detrimental health outcomes. As one of the primary mediators of the reward...
    • Alcoholism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Alcoholism, conserved biosystemAlcoholism, also called dependence on alcohol (ethanol), is a chronic relapsing disorder that is progressive and has serious detrimental health outcomes. As one of the primary mediators of the reward...
    • Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystemAxon guidance / axon pathfinding is the process by which neurons send out axons to reach the correct targets. Growing axons have a highly motile structure at the growing tip called the growth cone, w...
    • B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe B cell receptor includes membrane ?? heavy chain molecules bound to a light chain and an Ig alpha (CD79A)/Ig beta (CD79B) heterodimer. Activation of the B cell receptor involves phosphorylation o...
    • B cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      B cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemB cells are an important component of adaptive immunity. They produce and secrete millions of different antibody molecules, each of which recognizes a different (foreign) antigen. The B cell receptor...
    • B cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      B cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemB cells are an important component of adaptive immunity. They produce and secrete millions of different antibody molecules, each of which recognizes a different (foreign) antigen. The B cell receptor...
    • BCR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      BCR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      BCR signaling pathway
    • BDNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      BDNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin essential for growth, differentiation, plasticity, and survival of neurons. BDNF is also required for processes such as energy metabolism, b...
    • Bladder cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Bladder cancer, organism-specific biosystemThe urothelium covers the luminal surface of almost the entire urinary tract, extending from the renal pelvis, through the ureter and bladder, to the proximal urethra. The majority of urothelial carc...
    • Bladder cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Bladder cancer, conserved biosystemThe urothelium covers the luminal surface of almost the entire urinary tract, extending from the renal pelvis, through the ureter and bladder, to the proximal urethra. The majority of urothelial carc...
    • CDC42 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      CDC42 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      CDC42 signaling events
    • CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Ras, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Ras, organism-specific biosystemCa2+ influx through the NMDA receptor initiates subsequent molecular pathways that have a defined role in establishing long-lasting synaptic changes. The molecular signaling initiated by a rise in Ca...
    • CXCR3-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      CXCR3-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      CXCR3-mediated signaling events
    • Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Ceramide signaling pathway
    • Chemokine signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chemokine signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemInflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for th...
    • Chemokine signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chemokine signaling pathway, conserved biosystemInflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for th...
    • Chronic myeloid leukemia, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chronic myeloid leukemia, organism-specific biosystemChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) originates in a pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell of the bone marrow and is characterized by greatly increased numbers of granulocytes in the blood. Myeloid and ot...
    • Chronic myeloid leukemia, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chronic myeloid leukemia, conserved biosystemChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) originates in a pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell of the bone marrow and is characterized by greatly increased numbers of granulocytes in the blood. Myeloid and ot...
    • Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt, organism-specific biosystem
      Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt
    • Colorectal cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Colorectal cancer, organism-specific biosystemColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. CRC arises from the colorectal epithelium as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations in ...
    • Colorectal cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Colorectal cancer, conserved biosystemColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. CRC arises from the colorectal epithelium as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations in ...
    • Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
    • DAP12 interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      DAP12 interactions, organism-specific biosystemDNAX activation protein of 12kDa (DAP12) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-bearing adapter molecule that transduces activating signals in natural killer (NK) and myeloid cel...
    • DAP12 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      DAP12 signaling, organism-specific biosystemIn response to receptor ligation, the tyrosine residues in DAP12's immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) are phosphorylated by Src family kinases. These phosphotyrosines form the dock...
    • Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
    • Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
    • Downstream signal transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Downstream signal transduction, organism-specific biosystemThe role of autophosphorylation sites on PDGF receptors are to provide docking sites for downstream signal transduction molecules which contain SH2 domains. The SH2 domain is a conserved motif of aro...
    • Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells
    • Downstream signaling of activated FGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Downstream signaling of activated FGFR, organism-specific biosystemSignaling via FGFRs is mediated via direct recruitment of signaling proteins that bind to tyrosine auto-phosphorylation sites on the activated receptor and via closely linked docking proteins that be...
    • EGFR1 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      EGFR1 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe androgen receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand activated transcription factors. These receptors bind to steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, retinoids and vitamin D among ot...
    • EPO Receptor Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      EPO Receptor Signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe erythropoietin receptor is a 66 kDa peptide and is a member of the cytokine receptor family. The receptor is tyrosine phosphorylated upon binding by erythropoietin and associates with and activat...
    • Endometrial cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Endometrial cancer, organism-specific biosystemEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women in the developed world after breast, colorectal and lung cancer. Two types of endom...
    • Endometrial cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Endometrial cancer, conserved biosystemEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women in the developed world after breast, colorectal and lung cancer. Two types of endom...
    • Endothelin, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Endothelin, organism-specific biosystemEndothelin-1 is a bicyclic 21 amino acid peptide, produced primarily in the endothelium. It is a potent stimulus of long-lasting and persistent vasoconstriction. It also has a role as a stimulus of i...
    • Endothelins, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Endothelins, organism-specific biosystem
      Endothelins
    • ErbB signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      ErbB signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) couples binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways regulating diverse biologic responses, including prolife...
    • ErbB signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      ErbB signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) couples binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways regulating diverse biologic responses, including prolife...
    • ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem
      ErbB1 downstream signaling
    • ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling events
    • Estrogen signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Estrogen signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemEstrogens are steroid hormones that regulate a plethora of physiological processes in mammals, including reproduction, cardiovascular protection, bone integrity, cellular homeostasis, and behavior. E...
    • Estrogen signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Estrogen signaling pathway, conserved biosystemEstrogens are steroid hormones that regulate a plethora of physiological processes in mammals, including reproduction, cardiovascular protection, bone integrity, cellular homeostasis, and behavior. E...
    • FRS2-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      FRS2-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe FRS family of scaffolding adaptor proteins has two members, FRS2alpha and FRS2beta (also known as FRS3 or SNT-2). Activation of FGFR tyrosine kinase allows FRS2 proteins to become phosphorylated...
    • FSH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      FSH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is an anterior pituitary gonadotropin belonging to the family of glycoprotein hormones that includes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Leutinizing Hormone (LH)...
    • Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemFc epsilon RI-mediated signaling pathways in mast cells are initiated by the interaction of antigen (Ag) with IgE bound to the extracellular domain of the alpha chain of Fc epsilon RI. The activation...
    • Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, conserved biosystemFc epsilon RI-mediated signaling pathways in mast cells are initiated by the interaction of antigen (Ag) with IgE bound to the extracellular domain of the alpha chain of Fc epsilon RI. The activation...
    • Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, organism-specific biosystemPhagocytosis plays an essential role in host-defense mechanisms through the uptake and destruction of infectious pathogens. Specialized cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes ta...
    • Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, conserved biosystemPhagocytosis plays an essential role in host-defense mechanisms through the uptake and destruction of infectious pathogens. Specialized cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes ta...
    • Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells, organism-specific biosystem
      Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells
    • Focal Adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Focal Adhesion, organism-specific biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
    • Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
    • Focal adhesion, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Focal adhesion, conserved biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
    • Frs2-mediated activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Frs2-mediated activation, organism-specific biosystemThe adaptor protein Frs2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2) can mediate the prolonged activation of the MAPK (ERK) cascade.
    • GP1b-IX-V activation signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GP1b-IX-V activation signalling, organism-specific biosystemThe platelet GPIb complex (GP1b-IX-V) together with GPVI are primarily responsible for regulating the initial adhesion of platelets to the damaged blood vessel and platelet activation. The importance...
    • GRB2 events in EGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GRB2 events in EGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystemAutophosphorylated EGFR tyrosine residues are docking sites for many downstream effectors in EGFR signaling. The adaptor protein GRB2 binds to phosphotyrosine residues in the C-tail of EGFR through i...
    • GRB2 events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GRB2 events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemERBB2:EGFR and ERBB2:ERBB4 can directly recruit GRB2:SOS1 complex through phosphorylated C-tail tyrosines of EGFR (Y1068 and Y1086) and ERBB2 (Y1139) that serve as docking sites for GRB2 (Xie et al. ...
    • Gap junction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Gap junction, organism-specific biosystemGap junctions contain intercellular channels that allow direct communication between the cytosolic compartments of adjacent cells. Each gap junction channel is formed by docking of two 'hemichannels'...
    • Gap junction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Gap junction, conserved biosystemGap junctions contain intercellular channels that allow direct communication between the cytosolic compartments of adjacent cells. Each gap junction channel is formed by docking of two 'hemichannels'...
    • Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK, organism-specific biosystemGastrin is a hormone whose main function is to stimulate secretion of hydrochloric acid by the gastric mucosa, which results in gastrin formation inhibition. This hormone also acts as a mitogenic fac...
    • Glioma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Glioma, organism-specific biosystemGliomas are the most common of the primary brain tumors and account for more than 40% of all central nervous system neoplasms. Gliomas include tumours that are composed predominantly of astrocytes (a...
    • Glioma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Glioma, conserved biosystemGliomas are the most common of the primary brain tumors and account for more than 40% of all central nervous system neoplasms. Gliomas include tumours that are composed predominantly of astrocytes (a...
    • GnRH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      GnRH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus acts upon its receptor in the anterior pituitary to regulate the production and release of the gonadotropins, LH and FSH. The GnR...
    • GnRH signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      GnRH signaling pathway, conserved biosystemGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus acts upon its receptor in the anterior pituitary to regulate the production and release of the gonadotropins, LH and FSH. The GnR...
    • Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystemHemostasis is a physiological response that culminates in the arrest of bleeding from an injured vessel. Under normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhe...
    • Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and...
    • Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
    • Hepatitis C, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hepatitis C, conserved biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
    • IGF1 pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IGF1 pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      IGF1 pathway
    • IGF1R signaling cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      IGF1R signaling cascade, organism-specific biosystemAfter autophosphorylation the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) binds and phosphorylates scaffold proteins, IRS1/2/4 and SHC1, which in turn bind effectors possessing enzymatic activ...
    • IL-2 Signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-2 Signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemIL-2 is a multifunctional cytokine with pleiotropic effects on several cells of the immune system. IL-2 was originally discovered as a T cell growth factor, but it was also found to have actions rela...
    • IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-3 belongs to a family of cytokines, which includes IL-5 and GM-CSF. It signals through a receptor complex comprising of an IL-3 specific IL-3 receptor alpha subunit (IL3RA) and a common b...
    • IL-5 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-5 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-5 belongs to the family of cytokines, which includes IL-3 and GM-CSF. It signals through a receptor complex comprising of an IL-5 receptor alpha subunit (IL5RA), and a common beta chain w...
    • IL-6 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-6 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-6 belongs to a family of cytokines which includes IL-11, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotropin-1, cardiotrophin-like cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Oncostatin M...
    • IL-7 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-7 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-7 belongs to a family of cytokines, which includes IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. It signals through a receptor complex consisting of IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL7RA) and a common ga...
    • IL2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL2-mediated signaling events
    • IRS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      IRS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystemRelease of phospho-IRS from the insulin receptor triggers a cascade of signalling events via PI3K, SOS, RAF and the MAP kinases.
    • IRS-related events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      IRS-related events, organism-specific biosystemIRS is one of the mediators of insulin signalling events. It is activated by phosphorylation and triggers a cascade of events involving PI3K, SOS, RAF and the MAP kinases. The proteins mentioned unde...
    • IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphorylated type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor phosphorylates IR1, IRS2, IRS4 and possibly other IRS/DOK family members (reviewed in Pavelic et al. 2007, Chitnis et al. 2008, Maki et a...
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Influenza A, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Influenza A, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, conserved biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
    • Insulin Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Insulin Signaling, organism-specific biosystemInsulin signaling influences energy metabolism as well as growth. The presence of insulin signals the fed state, and this signal is passed via the AKT branch, which leads to the uptake of glucose fro...
    • Insulin receptor signalling cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Insulin receptor signalling cascade, organism-specific biosystemAutophosphorylation of the insulin receptor triggers a series of signalling events, mediated by SHC or IRS, and resulting in activation of the Ras/RAF and MAP kinase cascades. A second effect of the ...
    • Insulin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Insulin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemInsulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the r...
    • Insulin signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Insulin signaling pathway, conserved biosystemInsulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the r...
    • Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
    • Integrin-mediated cell adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Integrin-mediated cell adhesion, organism-specific biosystemIntegrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM). They also play a role in cell signaling and ...
    • Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemIL-11 is a multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the gp130 family. It was first isolated from a primate bone marrow derived cell line, PU-34 for its ability to stimulate the proliferation of a pla...
    • Interleukin-2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interleukin-2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine that is produced by T cells in response to antigen stimulation. Originally, IL-2 was discovered because of its potent growth factor activity on activated T cells in...
    • Internalization of ErbB1, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Internalization of ErbB1, organism-specific biosystem
      Internalization of ErbB1
    • Ion channel transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Ion channel transport, organism-specific biosystemIon channels mediate the flow of ions across the plasma membrane of cells. They are integral membrane proteins, typically a multimer of proteins, which, when arranged in the membrane, create a pore f...
    • Kit Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Kit Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemKit is a receptor protein tyrosine kinase, which is a receptor for stem cell factor or kit ligand. Signaling through Kit is important for formation of red cells, lymphocytes, mast cells and platelets...
    • Leptin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Leptin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemLeptin is a peptide hormone mainly synthesised and secreted from adipocytes. It is also expressed in other tissues including placenta, stomach and skeletal muscle. Leptin mediates its effects by bind...
    • Long-term depression, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Long-term depression, organism-specific biosystemCerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and...
    • Long-term depression, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Long-term depression, conserved biosystemCerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and...
    • Long-term potentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Long-term potentiation, organism-specific biosystemHippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a long-lasting increase in synaptic efficacy, is the molecular basis for learning and memory. Tetanic stimulation of afferents in the CA1 region of the hippo...
    • Long-term potentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Long-term potentiation, conserved biosystemHippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a long-lasting increase in synaptic efficacy, is the molecular basis for learning and memory. Tetanic stimulation of afferents in the CA1 region of the hippo...
    • MAPK Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      MAPK Cascade, organism-specific biosystem
      MAPK Cascade
    • MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MEK activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MEK activation, organism-specific biosystemMEK is phosphorylated and activated by RAF.
    • Melanogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Melanogenesis, organism-specific biosystemCutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory cont...
    • Melanogenesis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Melanogenesis, conserved biosystemCutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory cont...
    • Melanoma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Melanoma, organism-specific biosystemMelanoma is a form of skin cancer that has a poor prognosis and which is on the rise in Western populations. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes...
    • Melanoma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Melanoma, conserved biosystemMelanoma is a form of skin cancer that has a poor prognosis and which is on the rise in Western populations. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes...
    • MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway shows the role of microRNAs in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. MicroRNA targets were predicted by the TargetScan algorithm, and the predicted interactions are shown in red dashed lin...
    • NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, organism-specific biosystemThe neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and is involved in a variety of cellular processes of importance for the formation and maintenance of the n...
    • NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemTrk receptors signal from the plasma membrane and from intracellular membranes, particularly from early endosomes. Signalling from the plasma membrane is fast but transient; signalling from endosomes...
    • Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, organism-specific biosystemNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stre...
    • Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, conserved biosystemNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stre...
    • Neuronal System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Neuronal System, organism-specific biosystemThe human brain contains at least 100 billion neurons, each with the ability to influence many other cells. Clearly, highly sophisticated and efficient mechanisms are needed to enable communication a...
    • Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell, organism-specific biosystemThe neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft released by the pre-synaptic neuron binds specific receptors located on the post-synaptic terminal. These receptors are either ion channels or G protein cou...
    • Neurotrophin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Neurotrophin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins are a family of trophic factors involved in differentiation and survival of neural cells. The neurotrophin family consists of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic facto...
    • Neurotrophin signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Neurotrophin signaling pathway, conserved biosystemNeurotrophins are a family of trophic factors involved in differentiation and survival of neural cells. The neurotrophin family consists of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic facto...
    • Non-small cell lung cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Non-small cell lung cancer, organism-specific biosystemLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men and women in industrialized countries. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer and represents a heter...
    • Non-small cell lung cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Non-small cell lung cancer, conserved biosystemLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men and women in industrialized countries. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer and represents a heter...
    • Nongenotropic Androgen signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Nongenotropic Androgen signaling, organism-specific biosystem
      Nongenotropic Androgen signaling
    • Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemOncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the multifunctional cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) - type cytokine family. It is mainly produced in cell types such as activated T lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes,...
    • PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
    • PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
    • Pancreatic cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pancreatic cancer, organism-specific biosystemInfiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. When most investigators use the term 'pancreatic cancer' they are referring to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)...
    • Pancreatic cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pancreatic cancer, conserved biosystemInfiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. When most investigators use the term 'pancreatic cancer' they are referring to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)...
    • Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
      Pathways in cancer
    • Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet activation begins with the initial binding of adhesive ligands and of the excitatory platelet agonists (released or generated at the sites of vascular trauma) to cognate receptors on the pla...
    • Post NMDA receptor activation events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Post NMDA receptor activation events, organism-specific biosystemCa2+ influx through the NMDA receptor initiates subsequent molecular pathways that have a defined role in establishing long-lasting synaptic changes. The molecular signaling initiated by a rise in Ca...
    • Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, organism-specific biosystemXenopus oocytes are naturally arrested at G2 of meiosis I. Exposure to either insulin/IGF-1 or the steroid hormone progesterone breaks this arrest and induces resumption of the two meiotic division c...
    • Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, conserved biosystemXenopus oocytes are naturally arrested at G2 of meiosis I. Exposure to either insulin/IGF-1 or the steroid hormone progesterone breaks this arrest and induces resumption of the two meiotic division c...
    • Prolactin Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Prolactin Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemProlactin (PRL), a pleiotropic polypeptide hormone, mostly secreted by the lactotrophic cells of anterior pituitary gland and to a lesser extent expressed in numerous extra pituitary tissues such as ...
    • Prolonged ERK activation events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Prolonged ERK activation events, organism-specific biosystemAfter NGF binding, activated Trk receptors provide multiple docking sites for adaptor proteins and enzymes. Two docking proteins, the Ankyrin-Rich Membrane Spanning protein (ARMS/Kidins220) and Fibro...
    • Prostate Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Prostate Cancer, organism-specific biosystem
      Prostate Cancer
    • Prostate cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Prostate cancer, organism-specific biosystemProstate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of...
    • Prostate cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Prostate cancer, conserved biosystemProstate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of...
    • Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
    • Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
    • RAF activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      RAF activation, organism-specific biosystemPhosphorylated RAF is activated by Ras binding and stabilised in its active form by transient disassociation and reassociation of 14-3-3, as well as further phosphorylation.
    • RAF phosphorylates MEK, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      RAF phosphorylates MEK, organism-specific biosystemActive Raf-1 phosphorylates MEK-1/2 on Serine residues, converting ATP to ADP. The MEK-1/2 kinase is now active.
    • RAF/MAP kinase cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      RAF/MAP kinase cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe MAP kinase cascade describes a sequence of phosphorylation events involving serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Used by various signal transduction pathways, this cascade constitutes a com...
    • Rap1 signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Rap1 signalling, organism-specific biosystemRap1 (Ras-proximate-1) is a small G protein in the Ras superfamily. Like all G proteins, Rap1 is activated when bound GDP is exchanged for GTP. Rap1 is targeted to lipid membranes by the covalent att...
    • Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway
    • Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystemhttp://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway/hsa/hsa04810.html
    • Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem
      Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
    • Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, conserved biosystem
      Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
    • Regulation of retinoblastoma protein, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Regulation of retinoblastoma protein, organism-specific biosystem
      Regulation of retinoblastoma protein
    • Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
    • Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
    • SHC-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      SHC-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystemRelease of phospho-SHC from the insulin receptor triggers a cascade of signalling events via SOS, RAF and the MAP kinases.
    • SHC-related events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      SHC-related events, organism-specific biosystemSHC is one of the mediators of insulin signalling events. It is activated by phosphorylation and triggers a cascade of events involving SOS, RAF and the MAP kinases.
    • SHC-related events triggered by IGF1R, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      SHC-related events triggered by IGF1R, organism-specific biosystemPhosphorylated IGF1R binds and phosphorylates SHC1 (reviewed in Pavelic et al. 2007, Chitnis et al. 2008, Maki et al. 2010, Parrella et al. 2010, Siddle et al. 2012). Phosphorylated SHC then binds GR...
    • SHC1 events in EGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      SHC1 events in EGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystemGRB2 can bind EGFR directly or through another SH2-containing protein, SHC1. This association leads to RAS activation.
    • SHC1 events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      SHC1 events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemAll ERBB2 heterodimers, ERBB2:EGFR, ERBB2:ERBB3 and ERBB2:ERBB4, are able to activate RAF/MAP kinase cascade by recruiting SHC1 (Pinkas-Kramarski et al. 1996, Sepp-Lorenzino et al. 1996) to phosphory...
    • SHC1 events in ERBB4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      SHC1 events in ERBB4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemAll splicing isoforms of ERBB4 possess two tyrosine residues in the C-tail that serve as docking sites for SHC1 (Kaushansky et al. 2008, Pinkas-Kramarski et al. 1996, Cohen et al. 1996). Once bound t...
    • SOS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      SOS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystemSOS is recruited to the plasma membrane and mediates activation of Ras.
    • Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystemSenescense and Autophagy Pathways in Cancer
    • Serotonergic synapse, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Serotonergic synapse, organism-specific biosystemSerotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays important roles in physiological functions such as learning and memory, emotion, sleep, pain, motor function and endoc...
    • Serotonin Receptor 2 and ELK-SRF/GATA4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Serotonin Receptor 2 and ELK-SRF/GATA4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is courtesy of Ariadne Genomics Pathway Studio.
    • Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
    • Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma, organism-specific biosystemThe most frequently altered genes in glioblastoma. This pathway originally accompanied the 2008 Nature publication on the comprehensive genomic characterization of human glioblastoma genes and core p...
    • Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystemThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one member of the ERBB family of transmembrane glycoprotein tyrosine receptor kinases (RTK). Binding of EGFR to its ligands induces conformational chang...
    • Signaling by EGFR in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by EGFR in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemThe pathway "Signaling by EGFR in Cancer" shows "Signaling by constitutively active EGFR" in parallel with "Signaling by EGFR". This allows users to compare signaling by constitutively active EGFR ca...
    • Signaling by ERBB2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by ERBB2, organism-specific biosystemERBB2, also known as HER2 or NEU, is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) belonging to the EGFR family. ERBB2 possesses an extracellular domain that does not bind any known ligand, contrary to other EGFR...
    • Signaling by ERBB4, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by ERBB4, organism-specific biosystemERBB4, also known as HER4, belongs to the ERBB family of receptors, which also includes ERBB1 (EGFR i.e. HER1), ERBB2 (HER2 i.e. NEU) and ERBB3 (HER3). Similar to EGFR, ERBB4 has an extracellular lig...
    • Signaling by FGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by FGFR, organism-specific biosystemThe 22 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of growth factors mediate their cellular responses by binding to and activating the different isoforms encoded by the four receptor tyrosin...
    • Signaling by FGFR in disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by FGFR in disease, organism-specific biosystemThe pathway 'Signaling by FGFR in disease' shows 'Signaling by FGFR mutants' in parallel with the wild-type pathway 'Signaling by FGFR', allowing users to compare disease and normal events. FGFR mut...
    • Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven transmembrane domain receptors; heptahelical receptors; G protein-linked receptors [GPLR]) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors i...
    • Signaling by Insulin receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by Insulin receptor, organism-specific biosystemInsulin binding to its receptor results in receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (e.g. IRS and Shc) by the insulin receptor...
    • Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystemInterleukins are low molecular weight proteins that bind to cell surface receptors and act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. They were first identified as factors produced by leukocytes but a...
    • Signaling by PDGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by PDGF, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is a potent stimulator of growth and motility of connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells as well as other cells such as capillary end...
    • Signaling by SCF-KIT, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by SCF-KIT, organism-specific biosystemStem cell factor (SCF) is a growth factor with membrane bound and soluble forms. It is expressed by fibroblasts and endothelial cells throughout the body, promoting proliferation, migration, survival...
    • Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R), organism-specific biosystemBinding of IGF1 (IGF-I) or IGF2 (IGF-II) to the extracellular alpha peptides of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) triggers the activation of two major signaling pathways: the SOS...
    • Signaling events mediated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (c-Met), organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Signaling events mediated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (c-Met), organism-specific biosystem
      Signaling events mediated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (c-Met)
    • Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit), organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit), organism-specific biosystem
      Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit)
    • Signaling events mediated by focal adhesion kinase, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Signaling events mediated by focal adhesion kinase, organism-specific biosystem
      Signaling events mediated by focal adhesion kinase
    • Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor, organism-specific biosystem
      Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor
    • Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles in survival, differentiation, and plasticity of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. They are produced, and secreted in mi...
    • Signalling to ERKs, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signalling to ERKs, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins utilize multiple pathways to activate ERKs (ERK1 and ERK2), a subgroup of the large MAP kinase (MAPK) family, from the plasma membrane. The major signalling pathways to ERKs are via RAS...
    • Signalling to RAS, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signalling to RAS, organism-specific biosystemSignalling through Shc adaptor proteins appears to be identical for both NGF and EGF. It leads to a fast, but transient, MAPK/ERK activation, which is insufficient to explain the prolonged activation...
    • Signalling to p38 via RIT and RIN, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signalling to p38 via RIT and RIN, organism-specific biosystemRIT and RIN are two small guanine nucleotide binding proteins that share more than 50% sequence identity with RAS, including highly conserved core effector domains. Unlike RAS, the C termini of RIT a...
    • Stimuli-sensing channels, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Stimuli-sensing channels, organism-specific biosystemIon channels that mediate sensations such as pain, warmth, cold, taste pressure and vision. Channels that mediate these sensations include acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) (Wang & Xu 2011, Qadri et ...
    • T cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      T cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemActivation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. En...
    • T cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      T cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemActivation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. En...
    • TCR Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TCR Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex is composed of a ligand-binding subunit, the ? and ? chains, and a signaling subunit, namely the CD3?, ? and ? chains and the TCR? chain. This complex partic...
    • TSH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TSH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemHuman thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a glycoprotein secreted by the anterior part of the pituitary gland (1). TSH plays an important physiological role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pit...
    • TWEAK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TWEAK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemTNF related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a small pleiotropic cytokine of the TNF super family and its gene is located at chromosome 17p13.1. TWEAK has been reported to be expressed in tissues...
    • Transmembrane transport of small molecules, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Transmembrane transport of small molecules, organism-specific biosystem
      Transmembrane transport of small molecules
    • Transmission across Chemical Synapses, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Transmission across Chemical Synapses, organism-specific biosystemChemical synapses are specialized junctions that are used for communication between neurons, neurons and muscle or gland cells. The synapse involves a pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron,...
    • Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway
    • Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...
    • VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...
    • Vascular smooth muscle contraction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Vascular smooth muscle contraction, organism-specific biosystemThe vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, VSMCs shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regula...
    • Vascular smooth muscle contraction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Vascular smooth muscle contraction, conserved biosystemThe vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, VSMCs shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regula...
    • Wnt Signaling Pathway NetPath, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Wnt Signaling Pathway NetPath, organism-specific biosystemWnt family of proteins are a large family of cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins that regulate cell-cell interactions. They bind to members of the Frizzled family of 7 transmembrane receptors. Bindi...
    • mTOR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      mTOR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      mTOR signaling pathway
    • p38 signaling mediated by MAPKAP kinases, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      p38 signaling mediated by MAPKAP kinases, organism-specific biosystem
      p38 signaling mediated by MAPKAP kinases

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    MAP kinase kinase kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Ras GTPase binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protein heterodimerization activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    protein kinase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    MAPK cascade TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Ras protein signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    activation of MAPKK activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    activation of adenylate cyclase activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    apoptotic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    axon guidance TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    blood coagulation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    cell proliferation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cytoskeleton organization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    heart development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    innate immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    insulin receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    ion transmembrane transport TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of protein complex assembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    platelet activation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protein phosphorylation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of Rho protein signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of apoptotic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    regulation of cell differentiation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    regulation of cell motility TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    response to hypoxia IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    synaptic transmission TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    transmembrane transport TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    wound healing TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    cytoplasm ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    mitochondrial outer membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    nucleus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    pseudopodium IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Preferred Names
    RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase
    Names
    RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase
    Oncogene RAF1
    proto-oncogene c-RAF
    raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine protein kinase
    NP_002871.1

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_007467.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4979..85579
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_413

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_002880.3 → NP_002871.1  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC018119, BU683389, DC342671
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2612.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      L7RRS6
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P04049
      Related
      ENSP00000251849, OTTHUMP00000160218, ENST00000251849, OTTHUMT00000252015
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd00029
      Location:139 – 184
      Blast Score: 144
      C1; Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) . Cysteine-rich zinc binding domain. Some members of this domain family bind phorbol esters and diacylglycerol, some are reported to bind RasGTP. May occur in tandem arrangement. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second ...
      cd01816
      Location:57 – 131
      Blast Score: 358
      Raf_RBD; Ubiquitin domain of Raf serine/threonine kinases
      pfam00069
      Location:354 – 605
      Blast Score: 646
      Pkinase; Protein kinase domain
      cl09925
      Location:355 – 607
      Blast Score: 509
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.11 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      12625100..12705700, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000135.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      12559317..12640382, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018914.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      12560299..12640993, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic ABBA01025197.1 (12160..22057) None
    genomic ABBA01025198.1 None
    genomic ABBA01025199.1 None
    genomic ABBA01025200.1 None
    genomic AC018500.4 (125371..150810) None
    genomic AC026170.5 (34769..89899) None
    genomic AMYH01012986.1 (177130..228870) None
    genomic AMYH01012987.1 None
    genomic AY271661.1 AAP03432.1
    genomic CH471055.1 EAW64134.1
      EAW64135.1
    genomic EU332868.1 ABY87557.1
    genomic HI376400.1 CBX55729.1
    genomic JX512459.1 AGC09606.1
    genomic L00212.1 AAA60247.1
    mRNA AK226028.1 None
    mRNA AK303561.1 BAG64584.1
    mRNA AK303920.1 BAG64848.1
    mRNA AK312248.1 BAG35180.1
    mRNA BC018119.2 AAH18119.1
    mRNA BQ221862.1 None
    mRNA BU683389.1 None
    mRNA DC342671.1 None
    mRNA X03484.1 CAA27204.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P04049.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P04049

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Medical
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous

      Supplemental Content

      Table of contents

      Related information

      • Order cDNA clone
        Order cDNA clone
      • 3D structures
        3D structure of a gene
      • BioAssay
        Related PubChem BioAssays
      • BioAssay, by Protein Target
        BioAssay, by Protein Target
      • BioProjects
        BioProjects related to a gene
      • BioSystems
        BioSystems
      • Books
        Links between Entrez Gene and 'Books' are established if a GeneID is explicitly referenced in a book.
      • CCDS
        Links from Gene to CCDS are established if a gene encodes a protein sequence that is a member of a Consensus CDS (CCDS).
      • ClinVar
        Related medical variations
      • Conserved Domains
        Conserved Domain Database Links between Entrez Gene and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) are calculated from the domains annotated by the CDD group on Reference Sequence proteins.
      • dbVar
        Link from Gene to dbVar
      • EST
        Link to related EST entry
      • Full text in PMC
        PMC links
      • Full text in PMC_nucleotide
        Full text in PubMedCentral identified from shared sequence links
      • Genome
        Genome records having the gene annotated on corresponding genomic reference sequence.
      • GEO Profiles
        Related GEO
      • GTR
        GTR associated with a gene
      • HomoloGene
        Links between HomoloGene and Gene are provided by the HomoloGene group when a gene is included in a HomoloGene record.
      • Map Viewer
        These links are maintained by the Map Viewer group and are provided when a GeneID is annotated on a map for the same species.
      • MedGen
        Related information in MedGen
      • Nucleotide
        Link to related Nucleotide entry
      • OMIM
        Links between OMIM and Gene are calculated by Gene based on MIM numbers included in the summary and phenotype sections of the Gene record.
      • Probe
        Related Probe entry
      • Protein
        Link to related protein entry
      • PubChem Compound
        PubChem Compounds
      • PubChem Substance
        PubChem Substances
      • PubMed
        Links between Gene and PubMed are the result of the following: 1. Manual curation within NCBI. Part of the process of generating a REVIEWED RefSeq is an analysis of the current literature. Papers that are seminal in defining the gene, its sequence, and its function are added to the record at that time. Alert users point out gaps or errors in papers associated with a Gene record. These messages are reviewed and implemented as required. 2. Integration of information from other public databases. Gene integrates gene-citation from resources external to NCBI such as model organism-specific databases, Gene Ontology (GO), groups curating interactions, and sequence databases. The assumption in using these source is that they report citations specific to a gene in a known species. Gene does not process citations from OMIM automatically, because many of citations in OMIM refer to studies of genes in species other than human.
      • PubMed (GeneRIF)
        GeneRIF -- Gene Reference Into Function Staff of the Index Section in the National Library of Medicine review the current literature. When they find articles focused on the structure and function of a gene, they write a brief summary of the impact of the paper and make the connection between the citation (PubMed) and Gene. An interface exists for interested users to submit such data as well. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneRIF/GeneRIFhelp.html
      • PubMed (OMIM)
        Links are provided when Gene has a link to a record in OMIM, and OMIM explicitly cites these publications in PubMed.
      • PubMed(nucleotide/PMC)
        Citations in PubMed identified from shared sequence and PMC links.
      • RefSeq Proteins
        Link to Protein RefSeqs
      • RefSeq RNAs
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeq RNAs
      • RefSeqGene
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeqGenes
      • SNP
        Related SNP records
      • SNP: GeneView
        SNPs linked from GeneView
      • SNP: Genotype
        Gene Genotype Report
      • SNP: VarView
        Related Clinical SNP
      • Taxonomy
        Link to related taxonomy entry
      • UniGene
        Links are provided between Gene and UniGene when both databases calculate links to the same mRNA record (gi).
      • UniSTS
        Related UniSTS records

      Links to other resources

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