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    PTMA prothymosin, alpha [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 5757, updated on 11-May-2012
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    Summary

    Official Symbol
    PTMAprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    prothymosin, alphaprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:9623
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000187514; HPRD:01778; MIM:188390; Vega:OTTHUMG00000153810
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    TMSA; MGC104802
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    Genomic context

    Location :
    2q37.1
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 2; NC_000002.11 (232573235..232578251)
    See PTMA in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 26 Neighboring gene chromosome 2 open reading frame 57 Neighboring gene microRNA 1244-1 Neighboring gene phosphodiesterase 6D, cGMP-specific, rod, delta Neighboring gene COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 7B (Arabidopsis) Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L28 pseudogene 2

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    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
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    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of intrinsically disordered proteins involved in the oxidative stress response. Cino EA, et al. PLoS One, 2011. PMID 22125611.
    2. Prothymosin-α interacts with mutant huntingtin and suppresses its cytotoxicity in cell culture. Dong G, et al. J Biol Chem, 2012 Jan 6. PMID 22110140.
    3. MicroRNA-1 induces apoptosis by targeting prothymosin alpha in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Wu CD, et al. J Biomed Sci, 2011 Nov 7. PMID 22059741.
    4. [Prothymosin alpha interacts with C-terminal domain of histone H1 and dissociates p53-histone H1 complex]. Zakharova NI, et al. Mol Biol (Mosk), 2011 Jul-Aug. PMID 21954601.
    5. Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquitin-modified proteome. Kim W, et al. Mol Cell, 2011 Oct 21. PMID 21906983.

    See all (78) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. Findings suggest that the binding of prothymosin alpha (ProTalpha) and Neh2 to Keap1 occurs synergistically via preformed structural elements.
      Title: Microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of intrinsically disordered proteins involved in the oxidative stress response.
    2. The PTMA is one of miR-1 target genes which involve in miR-1 inducing apoptosis.
      Title: MicroRNA-1 induces apoptosis by targeting prothymosin alpha in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
    3. when added to cultured cells expressing mHtt, the purified recombinant ProTalpha protein not only entered the cells but it also significantly suppressed the mHtt-caused cytotoxicity.
      Title: Prothymosin-α interacts with mutant huntingtin and suppresses its cytotoxicity in cell culture.
    4. Nuclear PTMA may serve as prognostic marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to determine the subset of patients that are likely to show recurrence of the disease.
      Title: Overexpression of prothymosin alpha predicts poor disease outcome in head and neck cancer.
    5. These results are consistent with the model that ProTa may enhance p53 transcription activity by displacement of histone H1 from p53-H1 repressive complex.
      Title: [Prothymosin alpha interacts with C-terminal domain of histone H1 and dissociates p53-histone H1 complex].
    6. A study on the relationship between prothymosin alpha kinase(ProTalphaK) activity and pyruvate kinase isoforms confirmed that the M2 isoform is the enzyme responsible for ProTalphaK activity in proliferating cells.
      Title: The M2-type isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase phosphorylates prothymosin α in proliferating lymphocytes.
    7. Data suggest that prothymosin alpha immunostaining may be helpful in predicting pituitary tumor recurrence.
      Title: Immunohistochemical detection of prothymosin alpha in pituitary adenomas--a new marker of tumor recurrence?
    8. Prothymosin alpha amino acid residues 4-14, 31-43, 84-87, and 106-110 strongly and specifically bind to apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) in the regulation of the mitochondrial cell death pathway.
      Title: Novel small molecules relieve prothymosin alpha-mediated inhibition of apoptosome formation by blocking its interaction with Apaf-1.
    9. immune response stimulation by ProTalpha is in principle exerted via its bioactive C-terminal decapaptide, which can acquire a sequence-specific beta-sheet conformation and induce DC maturation.
      Title: Prothymosin alpha immunoactive carboxyl-terminal peptide TKKQKTDEDD stimulates lymphocyte reactions, induces dendritic cell maturation and adopts a beta-sheet conformation in a sequence-specific manner.
    10. Influence of prothymosin alpha and its mutants on activity of the p53 tumor suppressor
      Title: [Influence of prothymosin alpha and its mutants on activity of the p53 tumor suppressor].
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (28)
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    Phenotypes

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height.

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    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Rev rev prothymosin alpha has been identified through the use of a Rev affinity column as specifically binding to the activation domain of Rev (amino acids 75-83) PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

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    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NM_002823.2 NP_001410.2 ELAVL1    BIND  PubMed ELAVL1 (HuR) interacts with PMTA (ProT-alpha) mRNA. 
    NM_002823.2 HNRNPA1    BIND  PubMed HNRPA1 (hnRNP A1) interacts with PTMA (ProT-alpha) mRNA. 
    NP_002814.2 NP_009204.1 PHB2    BIND  PubMed PT-alpha interacts with REA 
    NP_002814.2 AAF71372.1     BIND  PubMed Rex interacts with PTMA. 
    NP_002814.2 CAB46677.1     BIND  PubMed NS5A interacts with PTMA. 
    P06454 P42574 CASP3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P55210 CASP7    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P20248 CCNA2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P14635 CCNB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P06493 CDK1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P24941 CDK2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P11802 CDK4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q92793 CREBBP    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q09472 EP300    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q13547 HDAC1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q92769 HDAC2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q02539 HIST1H1A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 H2A histone family member E HIST1H2AJ    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Histone 1 H2bg HIST1H2BG    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 H4 Histone family, member A HIST1H4A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q16778 HIST2H2BE    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q71DI3 HIST2H3C    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Histone 2 H4 HIST2H4A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q16695 HIST3H3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Heat shock 70 KD protein 1A HSPA1A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P52292 KPNA2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q14974 KPNB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 O75376 NCOR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P37198 NUP62    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P61970 NUTF2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P12004 PCNA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q99623 PHB2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P62826 RAN    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P18754 RCC1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q01105 SET    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 Q96ST3 SIN3A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P40763 STAT3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P06454 P32241 VIPR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:107777 CREBBP    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:108347 EP300    BioGRID  PubMed Phenotypic Enhancement; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:108403 ESR1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:109315 HDAC1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:109316 HDAC2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:206135 Keap1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:114973 NCOR1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:116459 PHB2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:112316 SET    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:117439 SIN3A    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:112497 SUMO2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:111724 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
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    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    transcription, DNA-dependent TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    nucleus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
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    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    prothymosin alpha
    Names
    prothymosin alpha
    gene sequence 28
    prothymosin alpha protein
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    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001099285.1 → NP_001092755.1  prothymosin alpha isoform 1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC071879, BM839980, M14630
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS42833.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P06454
      Related
      ENSP00000344547, OTTHUMP00000204424, ENST00000341369, OTTHUMT00000332553

    2. NM_002823.4 → NP_002814.3  prothymosin alpha isoform 2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the mid-coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform 2).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC071879, BM839980
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS46541.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P06454
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q53S24
      Related
      ENSP00000386819, OTTHUMP00000204423, ENST00000409115, OTTHUMT00000332552

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000002.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      232573235..232578251
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000134.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      224415419..224421126
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC073476.6 AAY24150.1
    genomic CH471063.1 EAW70969.1
      EAW70970.1
      EAW70971.1
      EAW70972.1
      EAW70973.1
      EAW70974.1
      EAW70975.1
    genomic L21693.1 AAB08706.1
    genomic L21696.1 AAB08709.1
    genomic M67480.1 AAA63239.1
      AAA63240.1
    genomic S56449.1 AAD13882.1
    mRNA AF348514.1 AAK30146.1
    mRNA AF452640.1 AAP97694.1
    mRNA AK223605.1 BAD97325.1
    mRNA AK314106.1 BAG36799.1
    mRNA AY169282.1 AAO18189.1
    mRNA BC003510.1 AAH03510.1
    mRNA BC013859.1 None
    mRNA BC022433.1 AAH22433.1
    mRNA BC034921.1 AAH34921.1
    mRNA BC051265.1 AAH51265.1
    mRNA BC066905.1 AAH66905.1
    mRNA BC070480.1 AAH70480.1
    mRNA BC071647.1 AAH71647.1
    mRNA BC071879.1 AAH71879.1
    mRNA BC098420.1 AAH98420.1
    mRNA BM839980.1 None
    mRNA BX647606.1 None
    mRNA M14483.1 AAA61183.1
    mRNA M14630.1 AAA61182.1
    mRNA M14794.1 AAA61184.1
    mRNA M26708.1 AAA60213.1
    other-genetic DQ892963.2 ABM83889.1
    other-genetic DQ896210.2 ABM87209.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P06454.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P06454
    Q15200 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q15200
    Q15202 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q15202
    Q15204 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q15204
    Q53S24 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q53S24
    Q7KZ52 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q7KZ52
    Q7Z4R6 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q7Z4R6
    Q86YS2 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q86YS2
    Q8TBK9 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q8TBK9
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    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
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