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    PTGER3 prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5733, updated on 18-May-2013
    Official Symbol
    PTGER3provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3)provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:9595
    Locus tag
    RP5-952N6.2
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000050628; HPRD:08906; MIM:176806; Vega:OTTHUMG00000009399
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    EP3; EP3e; EP3-I; EP3-II; EP3-IV; PGE2-R; EP3-III
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. This protein is one of four receptors identified for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This receptor may have many biological functions, which involve digestion, nervous system, kidney reabsorption, and uterine contraction activities. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this receptor may also mediate adrenocorticotropic hormone response as well as fever generation in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]
    Location :
    1p31.2
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 1; NC_000001.10 (71318036..71513491, complement)
    See PTGER3 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ZRANB2 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ZRANB2 antisense RNA 2 (head to head) Neighboring gene zinc finger, RAN-binding domain containing 2 Neighboring gene microRNA 186

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Inflammatory prostaglandin E2 signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Shi J, et al. Ann Neurol, 2012 Nov. PMID 22915243.
    2. Laropiprant attenuates EP3 and TP prostanoid receptor-mediated thrombus formation. Philipose S, et al. PLoS One, 2012. PMID 22870195.
    3. Epistatic interaction between Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and prostaglandin E receptor 3 (PTGER3) genes. Ueta M, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2012 May. PMID 22421267.
    4. Differential age- and disease-related effects on the expression of genes related to the arachidonic acid signaling pathway in schizophrenia. Tang B, et al. Psychiatry Res, 2012 Apr 30. PMID 22397921.
    5. Prostaglandin E₂ induced contraction of human intercostal arteries is mediated by the EP₃ receptor. Longrois D, et al. Eur J Pharmacol, 2012 Apr 15. PMID 22342278.

    See all (75) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. This study identify the PGE(2) EP3 receptor as a novel proinflammatory, proamyloidogenic, and synaptotoxic signaling pathway, and suggest a role for COX-PGE(2) -EP3 signaling in the development of AD.
      Title: Inflammatory prostaglandin E2 signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease.
    2. laropiprant by itself attenuated platelet activation induced by thromboxane (TP) and E-type prostanoid (EP)-3 receptor stimulation, as demonstrated in assays of platelet aggregation
      Title: Laropiprant attenuates EP3 and TP prostanoid receptor-mediated thrombus formation.
    3. epistatic interaction with prostaglandin E receptor 3 gene confers an increased risk for Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular surface complications
      Title: Epistatic interaction between Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and prostaglandin E receptor 3 (PTGER3) genes.
    4. Prostaglandin E2 induced contraction of human intercostal arteries is mediated by the EP3 receptor
      Title: Prostaglandin E₂ induced contraction of human intercostal arteries is mediated by the EP₃ receptor.
    5. The levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1; aka COX-1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide receptor 3 (PTGER3) mRNA are increased in patient with schizophrenia.
      Title: Differential age- and disease-related effects on the expression of genes related to the arachidonic acid signaling pathway in schizophrenia.
    6. Neuroblastoma express all four forms of PGE(2) receptors.
      Title: Autocrine prostaglandin E2 signaling promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation in childhood neuroblastoma.
    7. A novel dendritic cell(DC) progenitor regulatory pathway in which PGE(2) signaling through EP1/EP3 receptors regulates Flt3 expression and downstream STAT3 activation and survivin expression, required for optimal progenitor survival and differentiation.
      Title: Blockade of prostaglandin E2 signaling through EP1 and EP3 receptors attenuates Flt3L-dependent dendritic cell development from hematopoietic progenitor cells.
    8. EP3 is the primary receptor subtype that mediates PGE(2) induced contractility in human pregnant myometrium at term and represents a possible therapeutic target.
      Title: The roles of prostaglandin EP 1 and 3 receptors in the control of human myometrial contractility.
    9. Data indicate that not only Cox-2 but also EP1 and EP3 could be important targets for chemosensitization and inhibition of metastasis in breast cancers that are resistant to chemotherapy.
      Title: Involvement of Cox-2 in the metastatic potential of chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer cells.
    10. Data posit an association between the down-regulation of EP3 in conjunctival epithelium and the pathogenesis and pathology of SJS/TEN and OCP, and suggest a common mechanism(s) in the pathology of these diseases.
      Title: Prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3 expression in human conjunctival epithelium and its changes in various ocular surface disorders.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (48)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    P43115 P34995 PTGER1    HPRD  PubMed  
    • Calcium signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Calcium signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemCa2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this...
    • Calcium signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Calcium signaling pathway, conserved biosystemCa2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this...
    • Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), organism-specific biosystemRhodopsin-like receptors (class A/1) are the largest group of GPCRs and are the best studied group from a functional and structural point of view. They show great diversity at the sequence level and ...
    • Eicosanoid ligand-binding receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Eicosanoid ligand-binding receptors, organism-specific biosystemEicosanoids, derived from polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, are paracrine and autocrine regulators of inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and blood coagulation. The actions of eicosanoids a...
    • G alpha (i) signalling events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      G alpha (i) signalling events, organism-specific biosystemThe classical signalling mechanism for G alpha (i) is inhibition of the cAMP dependent pathway through inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Decreased production of cAMP from ATP results in decreased act...
    • GPCR downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GPCR downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are classically defined as the receptor, G-protein and downstream effectors, the alpha subunit of the G-protein being the primary signaling molecule. However, it h...
    • GPCR ligand binding, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GPCR ligand binding, organism-specific biosystemThere are more than 800 G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) in the human genome, making it the largest receptor superfamily. GPCRs are also the largest class of drug targets, involved in virtually all...
    • GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway was created using the GPCRDB (Horn et al., 1998), http://www.cmbi.kun.nl/7tm/. The groupings are based on the GPCR phylogenetic tree available from the GPCRDB and the training sets used ...
    • Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem
      Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
    • Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, conserved biosystem
      Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
    • Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation, organism-specific biosystem
      Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation
    • Prostanoid ligand receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Prostanoid ligand receptors, organism-specific biosystemFatty acid cyclo-oxygenase (COX) converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) from which the prostanoids PGD2, PGE2, PGF2alpha, PGI2 (prostacyclin) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) are derived. Base...
    • Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
    • Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven transmembrane domain receptors; heptahelical receptors; G protein-linked receptors [GPLR]) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors i...
    • Small Ligand GPCRs, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Small Ligand GPCRs, organism-specific biosystem
      Small Ligand GPCRs

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC27302, MGC141828, MGC141829

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    prostaglandin E receptor activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cell death TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    intracellular receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of fever generation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    transcription, DNA-dependent TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    integral to membrane NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    integral to plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    nuclear envelope TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Preferred Names
    prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype
    Names
    prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype
    prostanoid EP3 receptor
    PGE receptor, EP3 subtype
    PGE2 receptor EP3 subtype
    prostaglandin receptor (PGE-2)
    prostaglandin E receotor EP3 subtype 3 isoform

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029509.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..200456
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001126044.1 → NP_001119516.1  prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (11) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 4) has a distinct and shorter C-terminus, as compared to isoform 1. Transcript variants 4, 9 and 11 encode the same protein. Another name for this transcript is EP3 subtype 1c.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL031429, S69326
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS656.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P43115
      Related
      ENSP00000401423, ENST00000414819
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00001
      Location:95 – 346
      Blast Score: 152
      7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

    2. NM_198714.1 → NP_942007.1  prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 4) has a distinct and shorter C-terminus, as compared to isoform 1. Transcript variants 4, 9 and 11 encode the same protein. Other names for variant 4 are EP3 subtype 1b, pEPR-Ib, and EP3a1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158087, D38298, X83861, X83863
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS656.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P43115
      Related
      ENSP00000359969, OTTHUMP00000011033, ENST00000370931, OTTHUMT00000026077
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00001
      Location:95 – 346
      Blast Score: 152
      7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

    3. NM_198715.2 → NP_942008.1  prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform 5

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks multiple 3' exons and has an unique 3' end region when compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 5) has a distinct and shorter C-terminus, as compared to isoform 1. Other names for this transcript are EP3-II, EP3C, and EP3D.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL031429, D38299
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS658.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P43115
      Related
      ENSP00000359962, OTTHUMP00000011035, ENST00000370924, OTTHUMT00000026079
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00001
      Location:95 – 346
      Blast Score: 157
      7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

    4. NM_198716.1 → NP_942009.1  prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform 6

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks two coding exons compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 6) has a distinct and shorter C-terminus, as compared to isoform 1. Other names for this transcript are EP3F and EP3d.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158087, BC024229, X83861, X83863
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS652.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P43115
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00001
      Location:95 – 346
      Blast Score: 156
      7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

    5. NM_198717.1 → NP_942010.1  prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform 7

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks multiple exons compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 7) has a distinct and shorter C-terminus as compared to isoform 1. Other names for this transcript are EP3b and EP3E.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158087, D38301, X83861, X83863
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44160.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P43115
      Related
      ENSP00000359970, ENST00000370932
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00001
      Location:95 – 346
      Blast Score: 153
      7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

    6. NM_198718.1 → NP_942011.1  prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform 8

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (8) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 8) has a distinct and shorter C-terminus, as compared to isoform 1. Another name for this transcript is EP3e.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL031429, D86097, X83862
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS655.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B1AK19
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      O00325
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P43115
      Related
      ENSP00000349003, OTTHUMP00000011031, ENST00000356595, OTTHUMT00000026075
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00001
      Location:95 – 346
      Blast Score: 157
      7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

    7. NM_198719.1 → NP_942012.1  prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (9) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 4) has a distinct and shorter C-terminus, as compared to isoform 1. Transcript variants 4, 9 and 11 encode the same protein. Other names for variant 9 are EP3A, EP3-I, EP3a2, and EP3 subtype 1a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI273491, D38297
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS657.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P43115
      Related
      ENSP00000302313, OTTHUMP00000011032, ENST00000306666, OTTHUMT00000026076
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00001
      Location:95 – 346
      Blast Score: 152
      7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

    RNA

    1. NR_028292.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2), also known as EP3-V, lacks one exon and includes an additional exon near the 3' end, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 7, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158087, D86097

    2. NR_028293.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3), also known as EP3-VI, lacks two and includes one alternate exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 7, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158087, D86098

    3. NR_028294.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1), also known as EP3f, represents the longest transcript. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 7, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158087, D86097, X83863

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.10 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      71318036..71513491, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000133.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      69428653..69623748, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018912.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      71388954..71584413, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_000957.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_000957.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

    2. NM_198712.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_198712.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

    3. NM_198713.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_198713.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

    4. NM_198720.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_198720.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic ABBA01074473.1 (106192..109825) None
    genomic ABBA01074474.1 None
    genomic ABBA01074475.1 None
    genomic ABBA01074476.1 None
    genomic AL031429.11 (2001..124146) None
    genomic AL158087.12 (79380..152689) None
    genomic AMYH01000701.1 (131746..327205) None
    genomic CH471059.2 EAX06436.1
      EAX06437.1
      EAX06438.1
      EAX06439.1
      EAX06440.1
      EAX06441.1
      EAX06442.1
      EAX06443.1
      EAX06444.1
      EAX06445.1
      EAX06446.1
    genomic CS173017.1 CAJ33690.1
    genomic D86096.2 BAA19949.1
      BAA19950.1
      BAA19951.1
      BAA19952.1
      BAA19954.1
      BAA19955.1
      BAA19956.1
      BAA19957.1
    genomic JA738755.1 CCF77030.1
    genomic JA738757.1 CCF77031.1
    genomic JA738759.1 CCF77032.1
    genomic JA738761.1 CCF77033.1
    genomic JA738763.1 CCF77034.1
    genomic JA738765.1 CCF77035.1
    genomic JA738767.1 CCF77036.1
    mRNA AB451481.1 BAG70295.1
    mRNA AI273491.1 None
    mRNA AK290634.1 BAF83323.1
    mRNA AK315825.1 BAF98716.1
    mRNA AL050227.1 None
    mRNA AL700981.1 None
    mRNA AY387856.1 AAQ90021.1
    mRNA AY429108.1 AAR07903.1
    mRNA BC024229.1 AAH24229.1
    mRNA BC118578.1 AAI18579.1
    mRNA BC118659.1 AAI18660.1
    mRNA D38297.1 BAA07416.1
    mRNA D38298.1 BAA07417.1
    mRNA D38299.1 BAA07418.1
    mRNA D38300.1 BAA07419.1
    mRNA D38301.1 BAA07420.1
    mRNA D86097.1 BAA19958.1
    mRNA D86098.1 BAA19959.1
    mRNA EF534325.1 ABS57464.1
    mRNA L26976.1 AAA60076.1
    mRNA L27488.1 AAC13372.1
    mRNA L27489.1 AAC13373.1
    mRNA L27490.1 AAC13374.1
    mRNA L32660.1 AAA68191.1
    mRNA L32661.1 AAA68192.1
    mRNA L32662.1 AAA68193.1
    mRNA S68874.1 AAB29855.1
    mRNA S68875.1 AAD14026.1
    mRNA S69200.1 AAB29854.1
    mRNA S69326.1 AAB30208.1
    mRNA U13214.1 AAA21130.1
    mRNA U13215.1 AAA21131.1
    mRNA U13216.1 AAA21132.1
    mRNA U13217.1 AAA21133.1
    mRNA U13218.1 AAA21134.1
    mRNA X83857.1 CAA58737.1
    mRNA X83858.1 CAA58738.1
    mRNA X83859.1 CAA58739.1
    mRNA X83860.1 CAA58740.1
    mRNA X83861.1 CAA58741.1
    mRNA X83862.1 CAA58742.1
    mRNA X83863.1 CAA58743.1
    other-genetic HQ447638.1 ADQ32123.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P43115.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P43115

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Medical
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous

      Supplemental Content

      Table of contents

      Related information

      • Order cDNA clone
        Order cDNA clone
      • BioAssay
        Related PubChem BioAssays
      • BioAssay, by Protein Target
        BioAssay, by Protein Target
      • BioAssays, RNAi Target,Active
        BioAssays, RNAi Target,Active
      • BioProjects
        BioProjects related to a gene
      • BioSystems
        BioSystems
      • CCDS
        Links from Gene to CCDS are established if a gene encodes a protein sequence that is a member of a Consensus CDS (CCDS).
      • Conserved Domains
        Conserved Domain Database Links between Entrez Gene and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) are calculated from the domains annotated by the CDD group on Reference Sequence proteins.
      • dbVar
        Link from Gene to dbVar
      • EST
        Link to related EST entry
      • Full text in PMC
        PMC links
      • Full text in PMC_nucleotide
        Full text in PubMedCentral identified from shared sequence links
      • GAP
        GAP Links
      • Genome
        Genome records having the gene annotated on corresponding genomic reference sequence.
      • GEO Profiles
        Related GEO
      • HomoloGene
        Links between HomoloGene and Gene are provided by the HomoloGene group when a gene is included in a HomoloGene record.
      • Map Viewer
        These links are maintained by the Map Viewer group and are provided when a GeneID is annotated on a map for the same species.
      • Nucleotide
        Link to related Nucleotide entry
      • OMIM
        Links between OMIM and Gene are calculated by Gene based on MIM numbers included in the summary and phenotype sections of the Gene record.
      • Probe
        Related Probe entry
      • Protein
        Link to related protein entry
      • PubChem Compound
        PubChem Compounds
      • PubChem Substance
        PubChem Substances
      • PubMed
        Links between Gene and PubMed are the result of the following: 1. Manual curation within NCBI. Part of the process of generating a REVIEWED RefSeq is an analysis of the current literature. Papers that are seminal in defining the gene, its sequence, and its function are added to the record at that time. Alert users point out gaps or errors in papers associated with a Gene record. These messages are reviewed and implemented as required. 2. Integration of information from other public databases. Gene integrates gene-citation from resources external to NCBI such as model organism-specific databases, Gene Ontology (GO), groups curating interactions, and sequence databases. The assumption in using these source is that they report citations specific to a gene in a known species. Gene does not process citations from OMIM automatically, because many of citations in OMIM refer to studies of genes in species other than human.
      • PubMed (GeneRIF)
        GeneRIF -- Gene Reference Into Function Staff of the Index Section in the National Library of Medicine review the current literature. When they find articles focused on the structure and function of a gene, they write a brief summary of the impact of the paper and make the connection between the citation (PubMed) and Gene. An interface exists for interested users to submit such data as well. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneRIF/GeneRIFhelp.html
      • PubMed (OMIM)
        Links are provided when Gene has a link to a record in OMIM, and OMIM explicitly cites these publications in PubMed.
      • PubMed(nucleotide/PMC)
        Citations in PubMed identified from shared sequence and PMC links.
      • RefSeq Proteins
        Link to Protein RefSeqs
      • RefSeq RNAs
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeq RNAs
      • RefSeqGene
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeqGenes
      • SNP
        Related SNP records
      • SNP: GeneView
        SNPs linked from GeneView
      • SNP: Genotype
        Gene Genotype Report
      • SNP: VarView
        Related Clinical SNP
      • Taxonomy
        Link to related taxonomy entry
      • UniGene
        Links are provided between Gene and UniGene when both databases calculate links to the same mRNA record (gi).
      • UniSTS
        Related UniSTS records

      Links to other resources

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