Sphk2 sphingosine kinase 2 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: Sphk2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: sphingosine kinase 2provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:1861380
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000057342; Vega:OTTMUSG00000023186
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Sciurognathi; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: C76851
Summary: This gene encodes a kinase that phosphorylates sphingosine into sphingosine-1-phosphate, which is involved in cell differentiation, motility, and apoptosis. The encoded protein plays a role in maintaining cellular levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate. The gene product also enhances apoptosis in different cell types and suppresses cellular proliferation. In mast cells, the encoded protein is necessary for influx of calcium, protein kinase C activation, and cytokine production and degranulation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

Genomic context

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Location :: 7 B4; 7

Sequence :: Chromosome: 7; NC_000073.6 (45709463..45718002, complement)

See Sphk2 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.6 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence

Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

The function of SphK1 and SphK2 can be interchangeable in mast cells and is species and cell type determined.
Title: Usage of sphingosine kinase isoforms in mast cells is species and/or cell type determined.
Applying genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that neuronal SPK2 isoform plays an important role in cerebral preconditioning.
Title: Sphingosine kinase 2 mediates cerebral preconditioning and protects the mouse brain against ischemic injury.
Junctional protein regulation by sphingosine kinase 2 contributes to blood-brain barrier protection in hypoxic preconditioning-induced cerebral ischemic tolerance.
Title: Junctional protein regulation by sphingosine kinase 2 contributes to blood-brain barrier protection in hypoxic preconditioning-induced cerebral ischemic tolerance.
contributes to oral sensitization and effector phase in a mouse model of food allergy
Title: Sphingosine-kinase 1 and 2 contribute to oral sensitization and effector phase in a mouse model of food allergy.
Deletion of the SphK2 gene sensitizes the myocardium to IR injury and diminishes the protective effect of IPC.
Title: A sphingosine kinase form 2 knockout sensitizes mouse myocardium to ischemia/reoxygenation injury and diminishes responsiveness to ischemic preconditioning.
The complete absence of Sphk1 and Sphk2 resulted in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia with fewer neurons and progenitor cells. Sphk1/2 double mutants displayed an overall reduction in other sphingolipids.
Title: Loss of sphingosine kinase 1/S1P signaling impairs cell growth and survival of neurons and progenitor cells in the developing sensory ganglia.
the mitochondrial Sphingosine-1-phosphate produced by SphK2 is required for the downstream protective modulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore as an effector of preconditioning protection
Title: A novel role for mitochondrial sphingosine-1-phosphate produced by sphingosine kinase-2 in PTP-mediated cell survival during cardioprotection.
This suggests that SphK2 activity is an important endogenous protective mechanism in cerebral ischemia.
Title: Activation of sphingosine kinase 2 is an endogenous protective mechanism in cerebral ischemia.
These results suggest that ASM regulates osteoclastogenesis by modulating the balance between SphK1 and SphK2 downstream of RANKL signaling.
Title: Acid sphingomyelinase regulates osteoclastogenesis by modulating sphingosine kinases downstream of RANKL signaling.
Cleavage of sphingosine kinase 2 by caspase-1 provokes its release from apoptotic cells.
Title: Cleavage of sphingosine kinase 2 by caspase-1 provokes its release from apoptotic cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (28)

Alleles

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Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Targeted (Floxed/Frt) (1) 1 citation
Targeted (knock-out) (3) 1 citation
Targeted (Reporter) (1) 1 citation
Gene trapped (3) 1 citation

Pathways from BioSystems

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Calcium signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Calcium signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemCa2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this...
Calcium signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Calcium signaling pathway, conserved biosystemCa2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this...
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, organism-specific biosystemPhagocytosis plays an essential role in host-defense mechanisms through the uptake and destruction of infectious pathogens. Specialized cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes ta...
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, conserved biosystemPhagocytosis plays an essential role in host-defense mechanisms through the uptake and destruction of infectious pathogens. Specialized cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes ta...
Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemcomputationally inferred pathway (not manually curated)
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystemcomputationally inferred pathway (not manually curated)
Signal Transduction of S1P Receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Signal Transduction of S1P Receptor, organism-specific biosystem
Signal Transduction of S1P Receptor
Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis, organism-specific biosystemcomputationally inferred pathway (not manually curated)
Sphingolipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Sphingolipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
Sphingolipid metabolism
Sphingolipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Sphingolipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystemcomputationally inferred pathway (not manually curated)
Sphingolipid metabolism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Sphingolipid metabolism, conserved biosystem
Sphingolipid metabolism
Sphingolipids metabolism pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from LIPID MAPS)
Sphingolipids metabolism pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Sphingolipids metabolism pathway
Sphingosine degradation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Sphingosine degradation, organism-specific biosystemPathway module; Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; Lipid metabolism
Sphingosine degradation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Sphingosine degradation, conserved biosystemPathway module; Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; Lipid metabolism
Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...
VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...
XPodNet - protein-protein interactions in the podocyte expanded by STRING, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
XPodNet - protein-protein interactions in the podocyte expanded by STRING, organism-specific biosystemXPodNet is a larger version of PodNet. Interactions from STRING database have been added to PodNet to build XPodNet. Hence, not all interactions found in XPodNet do necessarily have to be curated.
sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from BIOCYC)
sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism, organism-specific biosystemIn this pathway, ceramide, the breakdown product of sphingomyelin, is metabolized by ceramidase to generate sphingosine, which has been shown to be produced during the early stages of apoptosis; sphi...
sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism, conserved biosystem (from BIOCYC)
sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism, conserved biosystemIn this pathway, |FRAME: Ceramides ceramides"|, the breakdown products of |FRAME: Sphingomyelins sphingomyelins|, are metabolized by ceramidase to generate |FRAME: SPHINGOSINE|, which has been shown ...

General gene information

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Markers

RH141779 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:223772

Sphk2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:496532

C76851 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:159642

RH129117 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:212425

Sphk2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:527564

Homology

Homologs of the Sphk2 gene: The Sphk2 gene is conserved in human, chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, rat, zebrafish, fruit fly, and mosquito.
Map Viewer (Human, Rat)
OrthoDB: The Hierarchical Catalog of Eukaryotic Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
diacylglycerol kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
sphinganine kinase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
blood vessel development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
brain development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
cell proliferation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
negative regulation of apoptotic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
phosphorylation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
sphingosine metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
lysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: sphingosine kinase 2

Names: sphingosine kinase 2; SK 2; SPK 2; Spk2, Sk2

NP_001166032.1

EC 2.7.1.91

NP_064395.2

EC 2.7.1.91

NP_975009.1

EC 2.7.1.91

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001172561.1 → NP_001166032.1 sphingosine kinase 2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AC167242

Consensus CDS

CCDS21261.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q58E38

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9JIA7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00781
Location:147 – 259
Blast Score: 254

DAGK_cat; Diacylglycerol kinase catalytic domain
NM_020011.5 → NP_064395.2 sphingosine kinase 2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AC167242, AK004951

Consensus CDS

CCDS21261.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q58E38

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9JIA7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00781
Location:147 – 259
Blast Score: 254

DAGK_cat; Diacylglycerol kinase catalytic domain
NM_203280.3 → NP_975009.1 sphingosine kinase 2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the same protein as variants 2 and 3.

Source sequence(s)

AC167242, AK151990, BY256088

Consensus CDS

CCDS21261.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3U912

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q58E38

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9JIA7

Related

ENSMUSP00000103366, OTTMUSP00000026912, ENSMUST00000107737, OTTMUST00000056092

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00781
Location:147 – 259
Blast Score: 254

DAGK_cat; Diacylglycerol kinase catalytic domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Mus musculus Annotation Release 103

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm38.p1 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000073.6 Reference GRCm38.p1 C57BL/6J

Range

45709463..45718002, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate Mm_Celera

Genomic

AC_000029.1 Alternate Mm_Celera

Range

41172020..41180543, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Nucleotide		Protein	Strain
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein	Strain
genomic	AAHY01061150.1 (12553..21076)	None
genomic	AC167242.4 (110123..118662)	None
genomic	CH466603.1	EDL22887.1	mixed
		EDL22888.1	mixed
		EDL22889.1	mixed
mRNA	AF245448.1	AAF74125.1	ICR
mRNA	AF415214.1	AAL07500.1
mRNA	AK004951.1	BAB23694.1	C57BL/6J
mRNA	AK009037.1	None	C57BL/6J
mRNA	AK016616.1	None	C57BL/6J
mRNA	AK146414.1	None	BALB/c
mRNA	AK151990.1	BAE30855.1	C57BL/6J
mRNA	AK154321.1	BAE32512.1	NOD
mRNA	AK177087.1	None
mRNA	AK198375.1	None
mRNA	AK200767.1	None
mRNA	AK202851.1	None
mRNA	AK206566.1	None
mRNA	AK208751.1	None
mRNA	AK217562.1	None
mRNA	AK218410.1	None
mRNA	BC006941.1	AAH06941.1
mRNA	BC053737.1	AAH53737.1
mRNA	BC092084.1	AAH92084.1	FVB/N
mRNA	BY256088.1	None	C57BL/6J