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    PRPS1 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5631, updated on 15-May-2013
    Official Symbol
    PRPS1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:9462
    Locus tag
    RP11-540N4.1
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000147224; HPRD:02413; MIM:311850; Vega:OTTHUMG00000022167
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    ARTS; DFN2; PRSI; CMTX5; DFNX1; PRS-I; PPRibP
    Summary
    This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphoribosylation of ribose 5-phosphate to 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, which is necessary for purine metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis. Defects in this gene are a cause of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease X-linked recessive type 5 and Arts Syndrome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]
    Location :
    Xq22.3
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: X; NC_000023.10 (106871654..106894256)
    See PRPS1 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome X - NC_000023.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene keratin 18 pseudogene 49 Neighboring gene FERM and PDZ domain containing 3 Neighboring gene TSC22 domain family, member 3 Neighboring gene nuclear cap binding protein subunit 2-like

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    Arts syndrome

    Summary from GeneReviews: Arts Syndrome Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    Arts syndrome, which is part of the spectrum of PRPS1-related disorders, is characterized by profound congenital sensorineural hearing impairment, early-onset hypotonia, delayed motor development, mild to moderate intellectual disability, ataxia, and increased risk of infection, all of which (with the exception of optic atrophy) present before age two years. Signs of peripheral neuropathy develop during early childhood. Twelve of 15 boys from the two Dutch families reported with Arts syndrome died before age six years of complications of infection. Carrier females can show late-onset (age >20 years) hearing impairment and other findings.
    Diagnosis Testing
    Sequence analysis of PRPS1, the only gene associated with Arts syndrome, has detected mutations in both kindreds reported to date.
    Genetic Counseling
    Arts syndrome is inherited in an X-linked manner. If the mother is a carrier, the chance of transmitting the PRPS1 mutation in each pregnancy is 50%. Males who inherit the mutation will be affected; females who inherit the mutation will be carriers and may or may not be mildly affected. Males with Arts syndrome do not reproduce. Carrier testing for at-risk relatives and prenatal testing for pregnancies at increased risk are possible if the disease-causing mutation in the family is known.
    References

    Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked recessive, type 5

    Summary from GeneReviews: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy X Type 5 Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 (CMTX5), part of the spectrum of PRPS1-related disorders, is characterized by peripheral neuropathy, early-onset (prelingual) bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, and optic neuropathy. The onset of peripheral neuropathy is between ages five and 12 years. The lower extremities are affected earlier and more severely than upper extremities. Initial manifestations often include foot drop or gait disturbance. Onset of visual impairment is between ages seven and 20 years. Intellect and life span are normal. Carrier females do not have findings of CMTX5.
    Diagnosis Testing
    Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, family history consistent with X-linked inheritance, and identification of a disease-causing mutation in PRPS1. Molecular genetic testing of PRPS1, the only gene known to be associated with CMTX5, is clinically available.
    Genetic Counseling
    CMTX5 is inherited in an X-linked manner. Carrier women have a 50% chance of transmitting the PRPS1 mutation in each pregnancy. Males who inherit the mutation will be affected; females who inherit the mutation will be carriers and typically will not be affected. Males pass the disease-causing mutation to all of their daughters and none of their sons. Carrier testing for at-risk family members and prenatal testing for pregnancies at increased risk are possible if the disease-causing mutation has been identified in the family.
    References

    Summary from GeneReviews: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Hereditary Neuropathy Overview Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) hereditary neuropathy refers to a group of disorders characterized by a chronic motor and sensory polyneuropathy. The affected individual typically has distal muscle weakness and atrophy often associated with mild to moderate sensory loss, depressed tendon reflexes, and high-arched feet.
    Diagnosis Testing
    The genetic neuropathies need to be distinguished from the many causes of acquired (non-genetic) neuropathies. Clinical diagnosis is based on family history and characteristic findings on physical examination, EMG/NCV testing, and occasionally sural nerve biopsy. More than 40 different genes/loci are associated with CMT. Molecular genetic testing is available on a clinical basis for some types of CMT.
    Genetic Counseling
    CMT hereditary neuropathy syndrome can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked manner. Genetic counseling regarding risk to family members depends on accurate diagnosis, determination of the mode of inheritance in each family, and results of molecular genetic testing. Prenatal testing for pregnancies at increased risk is possible for some types of CMT if the disease-causing mutation(s) in the family are known.
    References

    Deafness, X-linked 1

    Summary from GeneReviews: Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    Hereditary hearing loss and deafness may be conductive, sensorineural, or a combination of both; syndromic (associated with malformations of the external ear or other organs or with medical problems involving other organ systems) or nonsyndromic (no associated visible abnormalities of the external ear or any related medical problems); and prelingual (before language develops) or postlingual (after language develops).
    Diagnosis Testing
    Genetic forms of hearing loss must be distinguished from acquired (non-genetic) causes of hearing loss. The genetic forms of hearing loss are diagnosed by otologic, audiologic, and physical examination, family history, ancillary testing (e.g., CT examination of the temporal bone), and molecular genetic testing. Molecular genetic testing, available in clinical laboratories for many types of syndromic and nonsyndromic deafness, plays a prominent role in diagnosis and genetic counseling.
    Genetic Counseling
    Hereditary hearing loss can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive manner, as well as by mitochondrial inheritance. Genetic counseling and risk assessment depend on accurate determination of the specific genetic diagnosis. In the absence of a specific diagnosis, empiric recurrence risk figures, coupled with GJB2 and GJB6 molecular genetic testing results, can be used for genetic counseling.
    References

    Summary from GeneReviews: DFNX1 Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss and Deafness Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    DFNX1 nonsyndromic hearing loss and deafness is part of the spectrum of PRPS1-related disorders. The hearing loss in males is bilateral, sensorineural, and moderate to profound; prelingual or postlingual in onset; and progressive or non-progressive. The hearing in female carriers can be normal or abnormal.
    Diagnosis Testing
    Diagnosis relies on the presence of characteristic hearing loss in males and detection of a disease-causing mutation in PRPS1, the gene encoding ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1 (PRS-I; formerly phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase I).
    Genetic Counseling
    DFNX1 is inherited in an X-linked manner. The father of an affected male will not have the disease nor will he be a carrier of the mutation. If the mother of an affected male has a disease-causing mutation, the chance of transmitting it in each pregnancy is 50%: males who inherit the mutation will be affected; females who inherit the mutation will be carriers and may have hearing loss. Carrier testing for at-risk female relatives and prenatal diagnosis for pregnancies at increased risk are possible if the disease-causing mutation in the family has been identified.
    References

    Hereditary hearing loss and deafness

    Summary from GeneReviews: Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    Hereditary hearing loss and deafness may be conductive, sensorineural, or a combination of both; syndromic (associated with malformations of the external ear or other organs or with medical problems involving other organ systems) or nonsyndromic (no associated visible abnormalities of the external ear or any related medical problems); and prelingual (before language develops) or postlingual (after language develops).
    Diagnosis Testing
    Genetic forms of hearing loss must be distinguished from acquired (non-genetic) causes of hearing loss. The genetic forms of hearing loss are diagnosed by otologic, audiologic, and physical examination, family history, ancillary testing (e.g., CT examination of the temporal bone), and molecular genetic testing. Molecular genetic testing, available in clinical laboratories for many types of syndromic and nonsyndromic deafness, plays a prominent role in diagnosis and genetic counseling.
    Genetic Counseling
    Hereditary hearing loss can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive manner, as well as by mitochondrial inheritance. Genetic counseling and risk assessment depend on accurate determination of the specific genetic diagnosis. In the absence of a specific diagnosis, empiric recurrence risk figures, coupled with GJB2 and GJB6 molecular genetic testing results, can be used for genetic counseling.
    References

    Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity

    Summary from GeneReviews: Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase (PRS) Superactivity Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS) superactivity is characterized by hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria and is divided into a severe phenotype with infantile or early-childhood onset and a milder phenotype with late-juvenile or early-adult onset. Variable combinations of sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, and ataxia observed in the severe type are not usually present in the mild type. In the mild type, uric acid crystalluria or a urinary stone is commonly the first clinical finding, followed later by gouty arthritis if serum urate concentration is not controlled.
    Diagnosis Testing
    Detection of overactivity of the PRS enzyme under a variety of laboratory conditions establishes the diagnosis; however, such testing is available on a research basis only. PRPS1, encoding ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1 (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1, or PRS1), is the only gene currently known to be associated with PRS superactivity. PRPS1 sequence analysis identifies point mutations in individuals with the severe early-onset form, which comprises approximately 25% of individuals with PRS superactivity.
    Genetic Counseling
    PRS superactivity is inherited in an X-linked manner. If the mother has a disease-causing mutation, the chance of transmitting the PRPS1 mutation in each pregnancy is 50%. Males who inherit the mutation will be affected; females who inherit the mutation will be carriers and may or may not be affected. Males pass the disease-causing mutation to all of their daughters and none of their sons. Carrier testing for at-risk relatives and prenatal testing for pregnancies at increased risk are possible if the mutation has been identified in the family.
    References
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    P60891 Q9H8Y8 GORASP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60891 P60891 PRPS1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60891 Q14558 PRPSAP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60891 Q9NZD8 SPG21    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60891 Q6EEV6 SUMO4    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:117479 GORASP2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:115114 KIAA0101    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:110758 NARS    BioGRID  PubMed Co-fractionation 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:111105 PARK2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:111223 PFDN1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:111615 PRPS1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:111617 PRPS2    BioGRID  PubMed Co-fractionation 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:111618 PRPSAP1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:121411 SMURF1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:119474 SPG21    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:132223 SUMO4    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:113128 TUBA4A    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:111723 TWF1    BioGRID  PubMed Co-fractionation 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:111615 BioGRID:113363 YWHAE    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 

    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • KIAA0967

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    ATP binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    magnesium ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    protein homodimerization activity IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity EXP
    Inferred from Experiment
    more info
     
    ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    carbohydrate metabolic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    hypoxanthine biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    nervous system development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    purine nucleobase metabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    purine nucleotide biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    small molecule metabolic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    urate biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    Preferred Names
    ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1
    Names
    ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1
    deafness 2, perceptive, congenital
    ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase 1
    phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase I
    deafness, X-linked 2, perceptive, congenital
    dJ1070B1.2 (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1)
    NP_001191331.1
    NP_002755.1

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_008407.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..27603
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_264

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001204402.1NP_001191331.1  ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK316467, AL137787, D00860, DC411129
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7ZB02
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P60891
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd06223
      Location:170
      Blast Score: 139
      PRTases_typeI; Phosphoribosyl transferase (PRT)-type I domain
    2. NM_002764.3NP_002755.1  ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL137787, BC001605
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS14529.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P60891
      Related
      ENSP00000361512, OTTHUMP00000023807, ENST00000372435, OTTHUMT00000057840
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd06223
      Location:147274
      Blast Score: 228
      PRTases_typeI; Phosphoribosyl transferase (PRT)-type I domain
      pfam13793
      Location:4120
      Blast Score: 552
      Pribosyltran_N; N-terminal domain of ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase
      COG0462
      Location:1313
      Blast Score: 1199
      PrsA; Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase [Nucleotide transport and metabolism / Amino acid transport and metabolism]

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000023.10 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      106871654..106894256
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000155.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      96496454..96518960
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018934.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      106843462..106866063
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

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