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EIF2AK2 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5610, updated on 18-May-2013

Summary

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Official Symbol: EIF2AK2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:9437
See related: HPRD:01468; MIM:176871
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: PKR; PRKR; EIF2AK1
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by autophosphorylation after binding to dsRNA. The activated form of the encoded protein can phosphorylate translation initiation factor EIF2S1, which in turn inhibits protein synthesis. This protein is also activated by manganese ions and heparin. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

Genomic context

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Location :: 2p22-p21

Sequence :: Chromosome: 2; NC_000002.11 (37332281..37384190, complement)

See EIF2AK2 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence

Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

Go to reference sequence details

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

Authors conclude that host cells can employ PKR activation to restrict hepatitis C virus 1a replication through regulation of NF-kB expression.
Title: The modulation of hepatitis C virus 1a replication by PKR is dependent on NF-kB mediated interferon beta response in Huh7.5.1 cells.
The results suggest that early in infection the herpes simplex virus 1 VHS RNase degrades RNAs that activate PKR.
Title: The virion host shutoff RNase plays a key role in blocking the activation of protein kinase R in cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1.
Activation of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) by interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) modification down-regulates protein translation
Title: Activation of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) by interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) modification down-regulates protein translation.
The substrate interacting residues in ck1alpha have been identified using the structural model of kinase - substrate peptide. The PKR interacting NS5A 1b residues have also been predicted.
Title: Structural and molecular basis of interaction of HCV non-structural protein 5A with human casein kinase 1α and PKR.
Suggest that PKR exerts a positive role in cell growth control of HCV-4 related hepatocellular carcinoma.
Title: Implication of protein kinase R gene quantification in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
PKR expression and the PKR binding domain of herpes simplex virus 1 Us11 are required for the antiautophagic activity of Us11.
Title: The herpes simplex virus 1 Us11 protein inhibits autophagy through its interaction with the protein kinase PKR.
Measles virus-induced stress granule formation was PKR dependent but impaired by ADAR1.
Title: Stress granule formation induced by measles virus is protein kinase PKR dependent and impaired by RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1.
Report mechanism of autophagy control that involves STAT3 and PKR as interacting partners.
Title: Cytoplasmic STAT3 represses autophagy by inhibiting PKR activity.
The restriction of Bunyamwera virus replication mediated by interferon is an accumulated effect of at least three interferon-stimulated genes viperin, MTAP44 and PKR.
Title: Viperin, MTAP44, and protein kinase R contribute to the interferon-induced inhibition of Bunyamwera Orthobunyavirus replication.
an eIF-2alpha-dependent translation inhibition mechanism is sufficient to explain the PKR-mediated amplification of IPS-1-dependent IFN-beta induction by foreign RNA.
Title: Protein kinase PKR amplification of interferon β induction occurs through initiation factor eIF-2α-mediated translational control.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (155)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

HIV-1 protein interactions

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Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Env, gp160, envelope glycoprotein	env	Activation of PKR decreases HIV-1 Env expression and knockdown of PKR expression increases intracellular HIV-1 Env expression in human and murine cell lines	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Overexpression of ADAR1 increases the levels of gp120, p24, and Nef in HIV-1 producer cells, which requires inhibition of the RNA-activated protein kinase PKR	PubMed
	env	Inactivation of PKR has an inhibitory effect on gp120-induced caspase-3 activation	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 induces activation of PKR and its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus in neuronal cell lines	PubMed
Gag, Pr55	gag	HIV-1 Gag is identified to have a physical interaction with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses	PubMed
Nef, p27	nef	Overexpression of ADAR1 increases the levels of gp120, p24, and Nef in HIV-1 producer cells, which requires inhibition of the RNA-activated protein kinase PKR	PubMed
Tat, p14	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits the activation, activity and autophosphorylation of PKR, suggesting a potential mechanism by which HIV could suppress the interferon system	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat interacts with interferon-inducible enzymes 2-5A synthetase and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase to influence the rate of translation and protein synthesis in vitro	PubMed
	tat	Microarray analysis indicates HIV-1 Tat upregulates the interferon-responsive gene expression of many proteins, including PKR, in immature dendritic cells, an effect that likely facilitates the expansion of HIV-1 infection	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat is phosphorylated by PKR on serine 62, threonine 64 and serine 68	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-induction of IL-10 dysregulation is associated with PKR activation in primary blood monocytes	PubMed
	tat	Mutations in HIV-1 Tat that prevent Tat phosphorylation by PKR result in an up to 4-fold decrease in HIV-1 LTR transactivation by Tat	PubMed
	tat	PKR enhances HIV-1 Tat-mediated activation of NF-kappaB activation and transcriptional induction of the HIV-1 LTR promoter in the murine HL3T1 cell line	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat downregulates the steady-state amount of p68 kinase (PKR) in interferon-treated HeLa cells stably expressing Tat	PubMed
	tat	Binding of HIV-1 Tat to PKR has been mapped to residues 40-58 of Tat, overlapping the hydrophobic core and basic region of Tat	PubMed
Vpu, p16	vpu	The expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 is enhanced in Vpu-deficient HIV-1-infected cells as compared to that in wild-type-infected cells	PubMed
capsid	gag	Overexpression of ADAR1 increases the levels of gp120, p24, and Nef in HIV-1 producer cells, which requires inhibition of the RNA-activated protein kinase PKR	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs	Description
NP_002750.1	NP_004085.1	EIF2S1	BIND	PubMed	PKR interacts with eIF2-alpha. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human PKR, and eIF2-alpha from an unspecified species.
NP_002750.1	NP_056842.1	HIV2gp5	BIND	PubMed	PKR interacts with Tat-2. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between PKR from an unspecified species and HIV-2 Tat-2.
NP_002750.1	NM_002111.4	HTT	BIND	PubMed	PKR interacts with huntingtin mRNA.
NP_002750.1	NP_003681.1	PRKRA	BIND	PubMed	PKR interacts with PACT. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human PKR, and PACT from an unspecified species.
NP_002750.1	NP_057853.1	tat	BIND	PubMed	PKR phosphorylates Tat. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between PKR from an unspecified species and HIV-1 Tat.
P19525	P42574	CASP3	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P55210	CASP7	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q14790	CASP8	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P60953	CDC42	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	O15111	CHUK	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q13217	DNAJC3	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P19525	EIF2AK2	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P05198	EIF2S1	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q15723	ELF2	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P07900	HSP90AA1	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Heat shock 70 KD protein 1A	HSPA1A	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	O14920	IKBKB	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q12906	ILF3	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P23458	JAK1	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q99683	MAP3K5	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	O43318	MAP3K7	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P50579	METAP2	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P25963	NFKBIA	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P06748	NPM1	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P09619	PDGFRB	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P62136	PPP1CA	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P36873	PPP1CC	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q15172	PPP2R5A	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	O75569	PRKRA	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	PRKR interacting protein 1	PRKRIP1	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	O43422	PRKRIR	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q15185	PTGES3	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P63000	RAC1	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P42224	STAT1	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P40763	STAT3	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q96SI9	STRBP	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q9NYJ8	TAB2	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	Q15633	TARBP2	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P58753	TIRAP	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P04637	TP53	HPRD	PubMed
P19525	P29597	TYK2	HPRD	PubMed
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:114710	ATP6V1F	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-fractionation
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:120937	CAND1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:125411	CCDC124	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:107331	CCNA2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:107453	CDK3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:107569	CHUK	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:114030	CUL3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:118809	DBNL	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:116571	DHX30	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:122553	DHX58	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:108025	DHX9	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:116978	DICER1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:111597	DNAJC3	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:116166	EBNA1BP2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:117171	EDC4	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:111596	EIF2AK2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Far Western; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:108285	EIF2S1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109898	EIF6	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:108309	ELAVL1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-RNA
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:108473	FANCC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:108487	FARSA	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:115367	FARSB	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:125581	FTSJ3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:119021	GLTSCR2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:117690	GNL3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:117104	GTPBP4	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:120968	HDAC8	BioGRID	PubMed	Negative Genetic
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109318	HDGF	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109261	HIST1H1C	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:113934	HIST2H2AC	BioGRID	PubMed	Biochemical Activity
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109424	HNRNPC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:131227	HNRNPCL1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109552	HSP90AA1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Luminescence; Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109697	IFRD1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109767	IKBKB	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109789	IL7R	BioGRID	PubMed	Protein-RNA
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109821	ILF2	BioGRID	PubMed	Biochemical Activity
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109822	ILF3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:114995	ISG15	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:109919	JAK1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:200857	Jak2	BioGRID	PubMed	Biochemical Activity
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:122848	KCTD17	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:120780	LYAR	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:110381	MAP3K5	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:112748	MAP3K7	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:121570	MAVS	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:116184	METAP2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:110484	MOV10	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:122131	NOC3L	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:110902	NOP2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:114296	PABPC4	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:111185	PDGFRB	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:111493	PPP1CA	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:111495	PPP1CC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:111517	PPP2R5A	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:114143	PRKRA	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Phenotypic Enhancement; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:122824	PRKRIP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:115952	PTGES3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:111772	PURA	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:112619	SSB	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:112649	STAT1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:112651	STAT3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:112657	STAU1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:117978	STAU2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:112758	TARBP2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Far Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:119978	TOLLIP	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:113003	TOP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:113010	TP53	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:113148	TYK2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:113164	UBC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:116483	XRN2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:117109	ZNF346	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111596	BioGRID:1205537	gag	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS

Pathways from BioSystems

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Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes, organism-specific biosystemThe ISG proteins generated by IFN pathways plays key roles in the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses.
Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Ceramide signaling pathway
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
Hepatitis C, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Hepatitis C, conserved biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
Host Interactions with Influenza Factors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Host Interactions with Influenza Factors, organism-specific biosystemInfection of a human host cell with influenza virus triggers an array of host processes that interfere with viral replication, notably the production of type I interferon. The viral NS1 protein plays...
ISG15 antiviral mechanism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
ISG15 antiviral mechanism, organism-specific biosystemInterferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a member of the ubiquitin-like (Ubl) family. It is strongly induced upon exposure to type I Interferons (IFNs), viruses, bacterial LPS, and other stresses. On...
Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
Influenza A, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Influenza A, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
Influenza A, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Influenza A, conserved biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
Influenza Infection, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Influenza Infection, organism-specific biosystemFor centuries influenza epidemics have plagued man, and influenza was probably the disease described by Hippocrates in 412 BC. Today it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with...
Inhibition of PKR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Inhibition of PKR, organism-specific biosystemThe key role played by PKR in the innate response to virus infection is emphasized by the large number of viruses that encode PKR inhibitors.
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
Interferon Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Interferon Signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterferons (IFNs) are cytokines that play a central role in initiating immune responses, especially antiviral and antitumor effects. There are three types of IFNs:Type I (IFN-alpha, -beta and others...
Measles, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Measles, organism-specific biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
Measles, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Measles, conserved biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
NS1 Mediated Effects on Host Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NS1 Mediated Effects on Host Pathways, organism-specific biosystemViral NS1 protein is a nuclear, dimeric protein that is highly expressed in infected cells and has dsRNA-binding activity. The RNA-binding domain lies within the N-terminal portion of the protein. Th...
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, organism-specific biosystemThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular organelle where proteins are folded with the help of lumenal chaperones. Newly synthesized peptides enter the ER via the sec61 pore and are glycosylate...
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, conserved biosystemThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular organelle where proteins are folded with the help of lumenal chaperones. Newly synthesized peptides enter the ER via the sec61 pore and are glycosylate...
Signaling events mediated by TCPTP, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Signaling events mediated by TCPTP, organism-specific biosystem
Signaling events mediated by TCPTP
Translation Factors, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Translation Factors, organism-specific biosystemProtein synthesis is the ultimate step of gene expression and a key control point for regulation. In particular, it enables cells to rapidly manipulate protein production without new mRNA synthesis, ...
Type II interferon signaling (IFNG), organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Type II interferon signaling (IFNG), organism-specific biosystemAdapted from Raza et al. (2008). This pathway is initiated by IFNG binding to its receptor and a subsequent phosphorylation cascade involving a number of the JAK and STAT family of proteins. Several ...
Viral carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Viral carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThere is a strong association between viruses and the development of human malignancies. We now know that at least six human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C vi...
Viral carcinogenesis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Viral carcinogenesis, conserved biosystemThere is a strong association between viruses and the development of human malignancies. We now know that at least six human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C vi...

General gene information

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Markers

RH103558 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:97883

PRKR_2017 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:280928

STS-U50648 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:76899

D10S16 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155756

PMC355900P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273263

SGC31475 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:62094

RH93202 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:93085

csnpprkr-pcr12-1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:243108

RH69133 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41193

Genotypes

See EIF2AK2 SNP Geneview Report
See EIF2AK2 SNP Genotype Report
See EIF2AK2 SNP Variation Viewer Report

Homology

Homologs of the EIF2AK2 gene: The EIF2AK2 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, and zebrafish.
Map Viewer (Mouse, Rat)
OrthoDB: The Hierarchical Catalog of Eukaryotic Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
double-stranded RNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
protein kinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info
protein phosphatase type 2A regulator activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
activation of MAPKK activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
defense response to virus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
evasion or tolerance by virus of host immune response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
innate immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
modulation by virus of host cellular process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
negative regulation of cell proliferation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
negative regulation of translation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of translation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
negative regulation of viral genome replication	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of chemokine production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of cytokine production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
protein autophosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
protein autophosphorylation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to interferon-alpha	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
response to virus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
transcription, DNA-dependent	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
translation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
viral infectious cycle	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
virus-host interaction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
virus-infected cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase

Names: interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase; p68 kinase; eIF-2A protein kinase 2; P1/eIF-2A protein kinase; tyrosine-protein kinase EIF2AK2; interferon-inducible elF2alpha kinase; double stranded RNA activated protein kinase; protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent

NP_001129123.1

EC 2.7.10.2

EC 2.7.11.1

NP_001129124.1

EC 2.7.10.2

EC 2.7.11.1

NP_002750.1

EC 2.7.10.2

EC 2.7.11.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_030351.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5001..56910

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001135651.2 → NP_001129123.1 interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform a

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses a different splice site in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein (isoform a).

Source sequence(s)

AC007899, BC040851, BU687340

Consensus CDS

CCDS1786.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P19525

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q8IW76

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd00048
Location:13 – 59
Blast Score: 115

DSRM; Double-stranded RNA binding motif. Binding is not sequence specific but is highly specific for double stranded RNA. Found in a variety of proteins including dsRNA dependent protein kinase PKR, RNA helicases, Drosophila staufen protein, E. coli RNase III, ...

smart00220
Location:267 – 534
Blast Score: 480

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

smart00358
Location:101 – 149
Blast Score: 94

DSRM; Double-stranded RNA binding motif

cl09925
Location:266 – 534
Blast Score: 483

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
NM_001135652.2 → NP_001129124.1 interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform b

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform a. The 5' UTR splice pattern of this transcript has not been determined.

Source sequence(s)

AC007899, BC101475, BU687340

Consensus CDS

CCDS46259.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P19525

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd00048
Location:13 – 59
Blast Score: 115

DSRM; Double-stranded RNA binding motif. Binding is not sequence specific but is highly specific for double stranded RNA. Found in a variety of proteins including dsRNA dependent protein kinase PKR, RNA helicases, Drosophila staufen protein, E. coli RNase III, ...

smart00220
Location:252 – 493
Blast Score: 389

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

smart00358
Location:101 – 149
Blast Score: 94

DSRM; Double-stranded RNA binding motif

cl09925
Location:248 – 493
Blast Score: 385

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
NM_002759.3 → NP_002750.1 interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform a

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein (isoform a).

Source sequence(s)

AC007899, BC040851, BU687340

Consensus CDS

CCDS1786.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P19525

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q8IW76

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd00048
Location:13 – 59
Blast Score: 115

DSRM; Double-stranded RNA binding motif. Binding is not sequence specific but is highly specific for double stranded RNA. Found in a variety of proteins including dsRNA dependent protein kinase PKR, RNA helicases, Drosophila staufen protein, E. coli RNase III, ...

smart00220
Location:267 – 534
Blast Score: 480

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

smart00358
Location:101 – 149
Blast Score: 94

DSRM; Double-stranded RNA binding motif

cl09925
Location:266 – 534
Blast Score: 483

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000002.11 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

Range

37332281..37384190, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000134.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

37072482..37124338, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate CHM1_1.0

Genomic

NC_018913.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

Range

37203720..37255551, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	ABBA01074973.1 (70748..85559)	None
genomic	ABBA01074974.1	None
genomic	ABBA01074975.1	None
genomic	ABBA01074976.1	None
genomic	ABBA01074977.1	None
genomic	AC007899.3	AAY24317.1
genomic	AF167472.1	AAF13156.1
genomic	AMYH01010259.1 (45701..97532)	None
genomic	AY228338.1	AAO38055.1
genomic	CH471053.2	EAX00406.1
		EAX00407.1
		EAX00408.1
		EAX00409.1
genomic	U50648.1	AAC50768.1
mRNA	AF086566.1	None
mRNA	AI360504.1	None
mRNA	AK290655.1	BAF83344.1
mRNA	AK313818.1	BAG36554.1
mRNA	AY302136.1	AAP57628.1
mRNA	BC007769.2	AAH07769.1
mRNA	BC022314.1	AAH22314.1
mRNA	BC040851.1	AAH40851.1
mRNA	BC057805.1	AAH57805.1
mRNA	BC093676.1	AAH93676.1
mRNA	BC101475.1	AAI01476.1
mRNA	BC143228.1	None
mRNA	BC143230.1	AAI43231.1
mRNA	BM473760.1	None
mRNA	BU687340.1	None
mRNA	F03305.1	None
mRNA	M35663.1	AAA36409.1
mRNA	M85294.1	AAA18253.1