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    APTX aprataxin [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 54840, updated on 20-May-2012

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    APTXprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    aprataxinprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:15984
    Locus tag
    RP11-562M8.1
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000137074; HPRD:05892; MIM:606350; Vega:OTTHUMG00000019759
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    AOA; AOA1; AXA1; EAOH; EOAHA; FHA-HIT; MGC1072; FLJ20157
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily. The encoded protein may play a role in single-stranded DNA repair through its nucleotide-binding activity and its diadenosine polyphosphate hydrolase activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with ataxia-ocular apraxia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

    Genomic context

    Location :
    9p13.3
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 9; NC_000009.11 (32972604..33001639, complement)
    See APTX in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene argininosuccinate synthetase 1 pseudogene 12 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100131180 Neighboring gene transcription elongation factor A (SII), 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene L antigen family, member 3 pseudogene Neighboring gene DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Ataxia, early-onset, with oculomotor apraxia and hypoalbuminemia

    Summary from GeneReviews: Go to GeneReviews

    Disease Characteristics
    Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is characterized by childhood onset of slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, followed by oculomotor apraxia and a severe primary motor peripheral axonal motor neuropathy. The first manifestation is progressive gait imbalance (mean age of onset: 4.3 years; range: 2-10 years), followed by dysarthria, then upper-limb dysmetria with mild intention tremor. Oculomotor apraxia, usually noticed a few years after the onset of ataxia, progresses to external ophthalmoplegia. All affected individuals have generalized areflexia followed by a peripheral neuropathy and quadriplegia with loss of ambulation about seven to ten years after onset. Hands and feet are short and atrophic. Chorea and upper-limb dystonia are common. Intellect remains normal in some individuals; in others, different degrees of cognitive impairment have been observed.
    Diagnosis Testing
    The diagnosis of AOA1 is based on clinical findings (including family history) and exclusion of the diagnosis of ataxia-telangiectasia. Cerebellar atrophy is visible on MRI in all affected individuals. EMG reveals axonal neuropathy in 100% of individuals with AOA1. Molecular genetic testing of APTX, the only gene associated with AOA1, is clinically available.
    Genetic Counseling
    AOA1 is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. At conception, each sib of an affected individual has a 25% chance of being affected, a 50% chance of being an asymptomatic carrier, and a 25% chance of being neither affected nor a carrier. Carrier testing for at-risk family members and prenatal testing for pregnancies at increased risk are possible if both the disease-causing alleles in a family are known.
    References

    Coenzyme Q10 deficiency

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_778243.1 NP_006288.1 XRCC1    BIND  PubMed APTX interacts with XRCC1. 
    Q7Z2E3 Calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 1 CALCOCO1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 Q5VT06 CEP350    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 Q8N137 CNTROB    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 P15822 HIVEP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 Mitogen activated protein kinase binding protein 1 like MAPKBP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 P02686 MBP    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 P09874 PARP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 Q9NRD5 PICK1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 Synaptotagmin XVII SYT17    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 O94972 TRIM37    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 Cell division autoantigen 1 TSPYL2    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 P18887 XRCC1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 Q13426 XRCC4    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q7Z2E3 Q9UID6 ZNF639    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:120191 BioGRID:114342 BANF1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:120191 BioGRID:106652 PARP1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:120191 BioGRID:113010 TP53    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:120191 BioGRID:113349 XRCC1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 

    General gene information

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    DNA 5'-adenosine monophosphate hydrolase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    catalytic activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    chromatin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    damaged DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    double-stranded DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    double-stranded RNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    hydrolase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    phosphoglycolate phosphatase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    phosphoprotein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
     
    polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    protein N-terminus binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    zinc ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    cell death IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    double-strand break repair IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    regulation of protein stability IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    response to DNA damage stimulus IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    response to hydrogen peroxide IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    single strand break repair IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    chromatin IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    intracellular IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    colocalizes_with nuclear chromatin IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    nucleolus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    nucleus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    aprataxin
    Names
    aprataxin
    forkhead-associated domain histidine triad-like protein

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_012821.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4988..34023
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001195248.1NP_001182177.1  aprataxin isoform e

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks an exon in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. This results in translation initiation at an upstream ATG and an isoform (e) with a longer N-terminus compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AL353717, AY040777, AY208830
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q7Z2E3
      Related
      ENSP00000369147, OTTHUMP00000021190, ENST00000379819, OTTHUMT00000052028
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd00060
      Location:20113
      Blast Score: 108
      FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...
      cd01278
      Location:178279
      Blast Score: 365
      aprataxin_related; aprataxin related: Aprataxin, a HINT family hydrolase is mutated in ataxia oculomotor apraxia syndrome. All the members of this subgroup have the conserved HxHxHxx (where x is a hydrophobic residue) signature motif. Members of this subgroup are ...
    2. NM_001195249.1NP_001182178.1  aprataxin isoform a

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 7 encode the same isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AL353717, AY208836, DA664623
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS47956.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6JV85
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q7Z2E3
      Related
      ENSP00000369141, ENST00000379813
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd00060
      Location:699
      Blast Score: 108
      FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...
      cd01278
      Location:164265
      Blast Score: 363
      aprataxin_related; aprataxin related: Aprataxin, a HINT family hydrolase is mutated in ataxia oculomotor apraxia syndrome. All the members of this subgroup have the conserved HxHxHxx (where x is a hydrophobic residue) signature motif. Members of this subgroup are ...
    3. NM_001195250.1NP_001182179.1  aprataxin isoform f

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (8) has multiple differences in the coding region but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. This variant encodes isoform f, which is shorter than isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AL353717, AY208830
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS56568.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q7Z2E3
      Related
      ENSP00000419042, OTTHUMP00000215291, ENST00000476858, OTTHUMT00000355312
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01278
      Location:124225
      Blast Score: 362
      aprataxin_related; aprataxin related: Aprataxin, a HINT family hydrolase is mutated in ataxia oculomotor apraxia syndrome. All the members of this subgroup have the conserved HxHxHxx (where x is a hydrophobic residue) signature motif. Members of this subgroup are ...
      TIGR01663
      Location:1458
      Blast Score: 87
      PNK-3'Pase; polynucleotide 5'-kinase 3'-phosphatase
    4. NM_001195251.1NP_001182180.1  aprataxin isoform g

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (9) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. This variant encodes isoform g, which has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AY208830, BX538161
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q7Z2E3
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd00060
      Location:699
      Blast Score: 108
      FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...
      cd01278
      Location:164265
      Blast Score: 365
      aprataxin_related; aprataxin related: Aprataxin, a HINT family hydrolase is mutated in ataxia oculomotor apraxia syndrome. All the members of this subgroup have the conserved HxHxHxx (where x is a hydrophobic residue) signature motif. Members of this subgroup are ...
    5. NM_001195252.1NP_001182181.1  aprataxin isoform i

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (11) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. These differences result in translation initiation at an upstream ATG and an isoform (i) with a longer N-terminus but an overall shorter length compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AY208830, AY208831
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q7Z2E3
      Related
      ENSP00000380357, OTTHUMP00000215305, ENST00000397172, OTTHUMT00000355327
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01278
      Location:106207
      Blast Score: 357
      aprataxin_related; aprataxin related: Aprataxin, a HINT family hydrolase is mutated in ataxia oculomotor apraxia syndrome. All the members of this subgroup have the conserved HxHxHxx (where x is a hydrophobic residue) signature motif. Members of this subgroup are ...
      cl00062
      Location:20103
      Blast Score: 97
      FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...
    6. NM_001195254.1NP_001182183.1  aprataxin isoform h

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (10) differs in the 5' UTR and has multiple differences in the coding region but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. This variant encodes isoform h, which is shorter than isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AL353717, AY208833, DB042208
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q7Z2E3
      Related
      ENSP00000417649, OTTHUMP00000215307, ENST00000477119, OTTHUMT00000355332
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01278
      Location:110211
      Blast Score: 360
      aprataxin_related; aprataxin related: Aprataxin, a HINT family hydrolase is mutated in ataxia oculomotor apraxia syndrome. All the members of this subgroup have the conserved HxHxHxx (where x is a hydrophobic residue) signature motif. Members of this subgroup are ...
      TIGR01663
      Location:344
      Blast Score: 85
      PNK-3'Pase; polynucleotide 5'-kinase 3'-phosphatase
    7. NM_175069.2NP_778239.1  aprataxin isoform b

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. These differences result in translation initiation at an upstream ATG and an isoform (b) with a longer N-terminus and a shorter C-terminus compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AK055672, AY208830
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS6532.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q7Z2E3
      Related
      ENSP00000311547, ENST00000309615
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd00060
      Location:20113
      Blast Score: 107
      FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...
      cd01278
      Location:178279
      Blast Score: 367
      aprataxin_related; aprataxin related: Aprataxin, a HINT family hydrolase is mutated in ataxia oculomotor apraxia syndrome. All the members of this subgroup have the conserved HxHxHxx (where x is a hydrophobic residue) signature motif. Members of this subgroup are ...
    8. NM_175073.2NP_778243.1  aprataxin isoform a

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform a. Variants 1 and 7 encode the same isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AL353717, AY208830, AY208837
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS47956.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6JV85
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q7Z2E3
      Related
      ENSP00000420263, OTTHUMP00000215302, ENST00000468275, OTTHUMT00000355323
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd00060
      Location:699
      Blast Score: 108
      FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...
      cd01278
      Location:164265
      Blast Score: 363
      aprataxin_related; aprataxin related: Aprataxin, a HINT family hydrolase is mutated in ataxia oculomotor apraxia syndrome. All the members of this subgroup have the conserved HxHxHxx (where x is a hydrophobic residue) signature motif. Members of this subgroup are ...

    RNA

    1. NR_036576.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (12) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 2, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AL353717, AY208830, AY208840
    2. NR_036577.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (13) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 2, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AL353717, AY208830, BC001628
    3. NR_036578.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (14) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 2, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AL353717, AY208835, DB042208
    4. NR_036579.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (15) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 7, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA494365, AL353717, AY208839, DA664623

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000009.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      32972604..33001639, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000141.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      32930986..32960001, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_017692.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_017692.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
    2. NM_175072.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_175072.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because the transcript is likely partial.

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AL162590.15 CAI15549.1
      CAI15550.1
      CAI15551.1
    genomic AL353717.13 CAI15728.1
      CAI15729.1
      CAI15730.1
      CAI15734.1
      CAI15735.1
    genomic CH471071.2 EAW58528.1
      EAW58529.1
      EAW58530.1
      EAW58531.1
      EAW58532.1
      EAW58533.1
      EAW58534.1
      EAW58535.1
    genomic CS185575.1 CAJ42756.1
    mRNA AA494365.1 None
    mRNA AB603741.1 BAK31015.1
    mRNA AJ565850.1 CAD92454.1
    mRNA AJ565851.1 CAD92455.1
    mRNA AJ565852.1 CAD92456.1
    mRNA AJ565853.1 CAD92457.1
    mRNA AJ565854.1 CAD92458.1
    mRNA AJ565855.1 CAD92459.1
    mRNA AJ575566.1 CAE01427.1
    mRNA AK000164.1 BAA90985.1
    mRNA AK055672.1 BAG51552.1
    mRNA AK131046.1 None
    mRNA AY040777.1 AAK91768.1
    mRNA AY208829.1 AAP86319.1
    mRNA AY208830.1 AAP86320.1
    mRNA AY208831.1 AAP86321.1
    mRNA AY208832.1 AAP86322.1
    mRNA AY208833.1 AAP86323.1
    mRNA AY208834.1 AAP86324.1
    mRNA AY208835.1 AAP86325.1
    mRNA AY208836.1 AAP86326.1
    mRNA AY208837.1 AAP86327.1
    mRNA AY208838.1 AAP86328.1
    mRNA AY208839.1 AAP86329.1
    mRNA AY208840.1 AAP86330.1
    mRNA AY208841.1 AAP86331.1
    mRNA AY208842.1 AAP86332.1
    mRNA AY302067.1 AAQ74130.1
    mRNA AY302068.1 AAQ74131.1
    mRNA AY302069.1 AAQ74132.1
    mRNA AY302070.1 AAQ74133.1
    mRNA AY302071.1 AAQ74134.1
    mRNA AY302072.1 AAQ74135.1
    mRNA AY302073.1 AAQ74136.1
    mRNA AY302074.1 AAQ74137.1
    mRNA BC001628.1 AAH01628.1
    mRNA BC032650.1 AAH32650.1
    mRNA BC068107.1 None
    mRNA BC104881.1 AAI04882.1
    mRNA BQ957536.1 None
    mRNA BX538161.1 CAD98041.1
    mRNA CA429601.1 None
    mRNA DA664623.1 None
    mRNA DB042208.1 None
    other-genetic JF432548.1 ADZ15765.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q5T783 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5T783
    Q6JV79 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6JV79
    Q6JV81 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6JV81
    Q6JV82 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6JV82
    Q6JV85 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6JV85
    Q7Z2E3.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q7Z2E3

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