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PPARG peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5468, updated on 22-May-2013

Summary

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Official Symbol: PPARGprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:9236
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000132170; HPRD:03288; MIM:601487; Vega:OTTHUMG00000129764
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: GLM1; CIMT1; NR1C3; PPARG1; PPARG2; PPARgamma
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Genomic context

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Location :: 3p25

Sequence :: Chromosome: 3; NC_000003.11 (12329349..12475855)

See PPARG in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence

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Go to reference sequence details

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

The present review summarizes the available information on PPARG expression in breast tumors and the use of PPARG ligands as anti-cancer agents for breast cancer treatment.[review]
Title: The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in breast cancer.
Our study suggests that PPARgamma is a piece of the puzzle that links psoriasis to the metabolic syndrome.
Title: Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome: is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ part of the missing link?
Report novel PPAR-gamma mutations that may contribute to familial partial lipodystrophy-linked severe hypertension.
Title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ mutations responsible for lipodystrophy with severe hypertension activate the cellular renin-angiotensin system.
The association between PPARG Pro12Ala single nucleotide polymorphism and increased type 2 diabetes susceptibility was confirmed, with Pro12 as risk allele.
Title: Common genetic variants in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) and type 2 diabetes risk among Women's Health Initiative postmenopausal women.
the phosphatase PPM1B as a novel selective modulator of PPARgamma activity.
Title: The serine/threonine phosphatase PPM1B (PP2Cβ) selectively modulates PPARγ activity.
There is an interaction between PPARA, PPARD and PPARG SNPs on the incidence of abdominal obesity.
Title: [Effects of PPARD-87T > C and interactions with single nucleotide polymorphisms in PPARA and PPARG on abdominal obesity].
UHRF1 coordinates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma epigenetic silencing and mediates colorectal cancer progression.
Title: UHRF1 coordinates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) epigenetic silencing and mediates colorectal cancer progression.
CITED2 is a direct effector of PPARgamma for tumor suppression.
Title: CITED2 is a novel direct effector of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth.
Knocking down PPARG decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis of PC3 prostate cancer cells.
Title: [Effects of PPAR-gamma on the proliferation and glycolysis metabolism of prostate cancer cells].
Evaluated clinical significance of PPAR-gamma in NSCLC. Positive PPAR-gamma expression was prominent in 45 % out of 67 NSCLC cases. PPAR-gamma positivity was more frequently observed in squamous cell lung carcinoma cases compared to lung adenocarcinoma ones.
Title: Expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) in human non-small cell lung carcinoma: correlation with clinicopathological parameters, proliferation and apoptosis related molecules and patients' survival.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (1030)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Carotid intimal medial thickness 1

MIM: 609338

Genetic Testing Registry

Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3

MIM: 604367

Genetic Testing Registry

NHGRI GWAS Catalog

A genome-wide approach accounting for body mass index identifies genetic variants influencing fasting glycemic traits and insulin resistance.

A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants.

Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes.

Replication of genome-wide association signals in UK samples reveals risk loci for type 2 diabetes.

HIV-1 protein interactions

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Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 upregulates PPARgamma expression in human mesenchymal stem cells	PubMed
	env	In human osteoblast (hOB) cell lines, HIV-1 Gag and gp120 reduce RUNX-2 and PPAR-gamma mRNA expression and activity	PubMed
Gag, Pr55	gag	In human osteoblast (hOB) cell lines, HIV-1 Gag and gp120 reduce RUNX-2 and PPAR-gamma mRNA expression and activity	PubMed
Nef, p27	nef	HIV-1 Nef suppresses PPAR-gamma expression in human T and macrophage cell lines, and the effects of PPAR-gamma on viral replication is reduced by co-expression of Nef in MT4 T cells	PubMed
Tat, p14	tat	Sera from high viral load HIV-1-infected individuals induce a clear proadipogenic phenotype with increased expression of adipogenic markers including LPL and PPARgamma by HIV-1 Tat-mediated inhibition of COUP TF-1	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) toward adipogenesis by the transcription and activity upregulation of PPARgamma	PubMed
	tat	The endogenous PPARgamma ligand 15d-PGJ2 inhibits HIV-1 Tat-induced MCP-1 production in human microglia-like cells	PubMed
	tat	PPARalpha and PPARgamma over-expression prevent Tat-induced binding activity and transactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB	PubMed
	tat	Over-expression of PPARalpha or PPARgamma attenuates Tat-induced up-regulation of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CCL2, and E-selectin	PubMed
matrix	gag	Treatment of human PBMCs with HIV-1 MA upregulates the expression of MCP-1, ICAM-1, CD40, CD86 and CD36 and downregulates the expression of nuclear receptors FXR and PPARgamma	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs	Description
NP_056953.2	NP_055625.2	CEP350	BIND	PubMed	CAP350 interacts with PPAR-gamma-2.
P37231	Q9H0E9	BRD8	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	CCR4NOT transcription complex subunit 1	CNOT1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q92905	COPS5	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Estrogen receptor binding protein	DNTTIP2	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	O60869	EDF1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P07148	FABP1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q12778	FOXO1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	O75293	GADD45B	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	O95257	GADD45G	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	O15379	HDAC3	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	PPAR alpha interacting complex protein 285	HELZ2	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P17096	HMGA1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q12756	KIF1A	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P28482	MAPK1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P45983	MAPK8	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q15648	MED1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	O75448	MED24	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q15788	NCOA1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q15596	NCOA2	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q9Y6Q9	NCOA3	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q13772	NCOA4	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q14686	NCOA6	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	O75376	NCOR1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q9Y618	NCOR2	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q16236	NFE2L2	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P51843	NR0B1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q15466	NR0B2	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P48552	NRIP1	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P37231	PPARG	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q9UBK2	PPARGC1A	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q96S59	RANBP9	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P19793	RXRA	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P28702	RXRB	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P48443	RXRG	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	Q6STE5	SMARCD3	HPRD	PubMed
P37231	P21579	SYT1	HPRD	PubMed
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:113791	ANP32A	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:106848	APP	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
	NP_005863.1	BCAS2	BIND	PubMed	BCAS2 interacts with PPAR-gamma. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human BCAS2 and PPAR-gamma from an unspecified species.
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:107432	CDC34	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:107480	CEBPB	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:120775	CHD7	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:107603	CLU	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-RNA
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:116183	COPS5	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:107777	CREBBP	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:119052	DNTTIP2	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114260	EDF1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:108347	EP300	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Luminescence; Affinity Capture-Western; FRET; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:108403	ESR1	BioGRID	PubMed	Far Western
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:108404	ESR2	BioGRID	PubMed	Far Western
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:108446	EZH2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-RNA
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:108466	FABP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:118877	FHOD1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:116117	GADD45G	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:116995	GRIP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:201638	Gadd45b	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:109315	HDAC1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-RNA; Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114368	HDAC3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:115106	HDAC4	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:109402	HMGA1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:128764	JAZF1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:128677	JMJD1C	BioGRID	PubMed	FRET
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:115779	KAT5	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:129001	KCTD13	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:116712	KDM4C	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:107029	KIF1A	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114726	KLF4	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:120905	LRIF1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:117264	MAFF	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:110368	MECP2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-RNA
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:111465	MED1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Luminescence; FRET; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114699	MED14	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:115196	MED24	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:121511	MIF4GD	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
	NP_002425.1	MPG	BIND	PubMed	MPG interacts with an unspecified isoform of PPARG (PPAR-gamma). This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between MPG from an unspecified species and PPARG from an unspecified species.
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:110594	MSX2	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114200	NCOA1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Luminescence; FRET; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:115761	NCOA2	BioGRID	PubMed	FRET; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:113841	NCOA3	BioGRID	PubMed	FRET; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:113726	NCOA4	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:116691	NCOA6	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114973	NCOR1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Luminescence; Co-localization; FRET; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114974	NCOR2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:110852	NFE2L2	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:110860	NFKBIB	BioGRID	PubMed	FRET
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:119685	NLK	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Co-purification; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:106695	NR0B1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114012	NR0B2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:115320	NR2E3	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:113843	NRIP1	BioGRID	PubMed	FRET; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114124	PIAS1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:111384	PML	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:111445	POU1F1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:116097	PPARGC1A	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Luminescence; Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
	NP_996845.1	PRMT2	BIND	PubMed	PRMT2 interacts with PPAR-gamma.
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:116750	RAD54L2	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:111860	RB1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:111902	RELA	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:120025	ROBO4	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:112168	RXRA	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-crystal Structure; Co-purification; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:112169	RXRB	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:107318	SERPINH1	BioGRID	PubMed	FRET
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:115202	SETDB1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:112550	SP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:113188	SUMO1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:112707	SVIL	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:112878	TFAP2A	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:112995	TNP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114333	TRIM24	BioGRID	PubMed	FRET
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114735	TRIP4	BioGRID	PubMed	FRET
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:113164	UBC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:117573	ZBTB20	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:122933	ZBTB3	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:115253	ZBTB5	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:128736	ZBTB9	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:124291	ZNF496	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:114736	ZNHIT3	BioGRID	PubMed	FRET
BioGRID:111464	BioGRID:129825	ZSCAN1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid

Pathways from BioSystems

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Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThe different classess of factors involved in adipogenesis are shown. Adipogenesis is the process by which fat cells differentiate from predadipocytes to adipocytes (fat cells). Adipose tissue, compo...
Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem
Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
Energy Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Energy Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemThe PPARGC1A protein is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. This protein interacts with the nuclear receptor PPARG, which permits the interaction of ...
Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism, organism-specific biosystemThe reactions involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and of the triacylglycerols and ketone bodies derived from them form a closely interrelated, coordinately regulated module that plays a central...
Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystemGene Expression covers the pathways by which genomic DNA is transcribed to yield RNA, the regulation of these transcription processes, and the pathways by which newly-made RNA Transcripts are process...
Generic Transcription Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Generic Transcription Pathway, organism-specific biosystemOVERVIEW OF TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION: Detailed studies of gene transcription regulation in a wide variety of eukaryotic systems has revealed the general principles and mechanisms by which cell- or t...
Huntington's disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Huntington's disease, organism-specific biosystemHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects medium spiny striatal neurons (MSN). The symptoms are choreiform, involuntary movements, personality...
Huntington's disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Huntington's disease, conserved biosystemHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects medium spiny striatal neurons (MSN). The symptoms are choreiform, involuntary movements, personality...
Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemMetabolic processes in human cells generate energy through the oxidation of molecules consumed in the diet and mediate the synthesis of diverse essential molecules not taken in the diet as well as th...
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystemLipids are hydrophobic but otherwise chemically diverse molecules that play a wide variety of roles in human biology. They include ketone bodies, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids and sphi...
Noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway
Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway, organism-specific biosystemA classic example of bifunctional transcription factors is the family of Nuclear Receptor (NR) proteins. These are DNA-binding transcription factors that bind certain hormones, vitamins, and other s...
Nuclear Receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Nuclear Receptors, organism-specific biosystemNuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within the interior of cells that are responsible for sensing the presence of steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules. In response, th...
Nuclear receptors in lipid metabolism and toxicity, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Nuclear receptors in lipid metabolism and toxicity, organism-specific biosystemNuclear receptors are transcription factors that are activated upon binding to its ligands. Initially, they had been classified as classic endocrine nuclear hormone receptors and orphan receptors. Ho...
Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
PPAR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
PPAR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that are activated by fatty acids and their derivatives. PPAR has three subtypes (PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma) s...
PPAR signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
PPAR signaling pathway, conserved biosystemPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that are activated by fatty acids and their derivatives. PPAR has three subtypes (PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma) s...
PPARA Activates Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PPARA Activates Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystemThe set of genes regulated by PPAR-alpha is not fully known in humans, however many examples have been found in mice. Genes directly activated by PPAR-alpha contain peroxisome proliferator receptor e...
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Pathways in cancer
Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), organism-specific biosystemPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) is the major regulator of fatty acid oxidation in the liver. PPARalpha is also the target of fibrate drugs used to treat abnormal plasma ...
Regulation of retinoblastoma protein, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Regulation of retinoblastoma protein, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of retinoblastoma protein
SREBP signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
SREBP signalling, organism-specific biosystemSterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are membrane-bound proteins that act as transcription factors. They regulate lipid, especially cholesterol, biosynthesis and uptake at a transcript...
Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I, organism-specific biosystem
Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I
Thyroid cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Thyroid cancer, organism-specific biosystemThyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and accounts for the majority of endocrine cancer- related deaths each year. More than 95% of thyroid carcinomas are derived from follicular cel...
Thyroid cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Thyroid cancer, conserved biosystemThyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and accounts for the majority of endocrine cancer- related deaths each year. More than 95% of thyroid carcinomas are derived from follicular cel...
Transcriptional Regulation of White Adipocyte Differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transcriptional Regulation of White Adipocyte Differentiation, organism-specific biosystemAdipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which preadipocytes become adipocytes. During this process the preadipocytes cease to proliferate, begin to accumulate lipid droplets and develo...
Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, conserved biosystem
Transcriptional misregulation in cancer

General gene information

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Markers

PMC22700P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272146

PMC84391P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273444

PMC310777P12 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272679

PMC310777P13 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272680

SHGC-145535 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:174634

RH12621 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:28459

SHGC-144700 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:172365

PPARG (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:479835

RH121417 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:134264

WI-20399 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:26501

RH10742 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:20620

GDB:451806 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157373

PMC137581P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270844

PMC137581P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270845

Genotypes

See PPARG SNP Geneview Report
See PPARG SNP Genotype Report
See PPARG SNP Variation Viewer Report

Homology

Homologs of the PPARG gene: The PPARG gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, and zebrafish.
Map Viewer (Mouse, Rat)
OrthoDB: The Hierarchical Catalog of Eukaryotic Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
DNA binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
RNA polymerase II regulatory region DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
activating transcription factor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
arachidonic acid binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
chromatin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
drug binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enzyme binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
prostaglandin receptor activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
retinoid X receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
contributes_to sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
steroid hormone receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
transcription regulatory region DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
transcription regulatory region DNA binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
zinc ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
brown fat cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cell fate commitment	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cell maturation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular response to insulin stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
cellular response to lithium ion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
epithelial cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
fatty acid oxidation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
gene expression	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
glucose homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
heart development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
induction of apoptosis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
innate immune response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
lipid homeostasis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
lipid metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
lipoprotein transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
long-chain fatty acid transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
monocyte differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of acute inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of cell growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of cholesterol storage	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of receptor biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
negative regulation of telomerase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
organ regeneration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info
placenta development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of blood pressure	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
regulation of cholesterol transporter activity	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
response to caffeine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to cold	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to drug	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to estrogen stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to lipid	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
response to nutrient	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
response to retinoic acid	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
response to vitamin A	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
white fat cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
white fat cell differentiation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytosol	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

Names: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PPAR gamma; PPAR-gamma; nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 1; peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor gamma variant 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_011749.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5001..151507

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_005037.5 → NP_005028.4 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR and 5' coding region compared to variant 2. Variants 1, 3, and 4 encode the same isoform (1), which has a shorter, distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 2.

Source sequence(s)

AC090947, AC091492, AC093174

Consensus CDS

CCDS2610.2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D2KUA6

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P37231

Related

ENSP00000380210, OTTHUMP00000207750, ENST00000397015, OTTHUMT00000339531

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd06932
Location:209 – 476
Blast Score: 1021

NR_LBD_PPAR; The ligand binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

cd06965
Location:110 – 193
Blast Score: 501

NR_DBD_Ppar; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers

pfam12577
Location:3 – 80
Blast Score: 325

PPARgamma_N; PPAR gamma N-terminal region
NM_015869.4 → NP_056953.2 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) encodes the longer isoform (2).

Source sequence(s)

AC090947, AC093174, U63415

Consensus CDS

CCDS2609.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P37231

Related

ENSP00000287820, OTTHUMP00000160185, ENST00000287820, OTTHUMT00000251979

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd06932
Location:237 – 504
Blast Score: 1023

NR_LBD_PPAR; The ligand binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

cd06965
Location:138 – 221
Blast Score: 507

NR_DBD_Ppar; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers

pfam12577
Location:31 – 108
Blast Score: 322

PPARgamma_N; PPAR gamma N-terminal region
NM_138711.3 → NP_619725.2 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and 5' coding region compared to variant 2. Variants 1, 3, and 4 encode the same isoform (1), which has a shorter, distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 2.

Source sequence(s)

AC090947, AC091492, BC006811

Consensus CDS

CCDS2610.2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D2KUA6

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P37231

Related

ENSP00000380207, OTTHUMP00000160186, ENST00000397012, OTTHUMT00000251980

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd06932
Location:209 – 476
Blast Score: 1021

NR_LBD_PPAR; The ligand binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

cd06965
Location:110 – 193
Blast Score: 501

NR_DBD_Ppar; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers

pfam12577
Location:3 – 80
Blast Score: 325

PPARgamma_N; PPAR gamma N-terminal region
NM_138712.3 → NP_619726.2 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR and 5' coding region compared to variant 2. Variants 1, 3, and 4 encode the same isoform (1), which has a shorter, distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 2.

Source sequence(s)

AC090947, AC091492, BC006811, BG323933

Consensus CDS

CCDS2610.2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D2KUA6

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P37231

Related

ENSP00000312472, OTTHUMP00000185034, ENST00000309576, OTTHUMT00000290125

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd06932
Location:209 – 476
Blast Score: 1021

NR_LBD_PPAR; The ligand binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

cd06965
Location:110 – 193
Blast Score: 501

NR_DBD_Ppar; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers

pfam12577
Location:3 – 80
Blast Score: 325

PPARgamma_N; PPAR gamma N-terminal region

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000003.11 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

Range

12329349..12475855

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000135.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

12263090..12409169

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate CHM1_1.0

Genomic

NC_018914.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

Range

12264411..12411001

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	AB005520.1	BAA23353.1
genomic	AB005526.2	BAA23354.1
genomic	ABBA01025204.1 (35010..181089)	None
genomic	AC090947.2 (62430..91335)	None
genomic	AC091492.2 (138095..180963)	None
genomic	AC093174.2 (60944..135675)	None
genomic	AF012873.1	None
genomic	AF012874.1	None
genomic	AMYH01012984.1	None
genomic	AMYH01012985.1	None
genomic	AMYH01012986.1	None
genomic	AY157024.2	AAN38992.2
genomic	CH471055.1	EAW64123.1
		EAW64124.1
		EAW64125.1
genomic	HI519538.1	CBX54350.1
mRNA	AB097931.1	BAD20647.1
mRNA	AB107271.1	BAD34540.1
mRNA	AB307692.1	BAH02283.1
mRNA	AB451337.1	BAG70151.1
mRNA	AB451486.1	BAG70300.1
mRNA	AB472042.1	BAI63629.1
mRNA	AB565476.1	BAM71699.1
mRNA	AJ563369.1	CAD91388.1
mRNA	AJ563370.1	CAD91389.1
mRNA	AJ698135.1	CAG29019.1
mRNA	AK223528.1	BAD97248.1
mRNA	AK290581.1	BAF83270.1
mRNA	AL523434.3	None
mRNA	BC006811.1	AAH06811.1
mRNA	BG323933.1	None
mRNA	BI820841.1	None
mRNA	BM923992.1	None
mRNA	BQ925271.1	None
mRNA	BT007281.1	AAP35945.1
mRNA	D83233.1	BAA18949.1
mRNA	DQ356894.1	ABC97372.1
mRNA	HQ692866.1	ADZ17377.1
mRNA	U63415.1	AAB04028.1
mRNA	U79012.1	AAC51248.1
mRNA	X90563.1	CAA62152.1
		CAA62153.1
other-genetic	DQ891108.2	ABM82034.1
other-genetic	DQ894289.2	ABM85215.1