- ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1, organism-specific biosystemCo-activation of P2Y1 and P2Y12 is necessary for complete platelet activation. P2Y1 is coupled to Gq and helps trigger the release of calcium from internal stores, leading to weak and reversible plat...
- AGE/RAGE pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
AGE/RAGE pathway, organism-specific biosystemAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are heterogeneous group of non-enzymatic malliard reaction products of aldose sugar with proteins and lipids. Formation of AGEs is an indicator of one of the ma...
- Acyl chain remodeling of CL, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Acyl chain remodeling of CL, organism-specific biosystemAcyl chain remodeling of cardiolipin (CL) occurs in the inner mitochondria membranes (IM) via hydrolysis by phopholipases and subsequent reacylation by acyltransferases. At the endoplasmic reticulum...
- Acyl chain remodelling of PC, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Acyl chain remodelling of PC, organism-specific biosystemIn the acyl chain remodelling pathway (Lands cycle), phosphatidylcholine (PC) is hydrolysed by phopholipases and subsequently reacylated by acyltransferases. These cycles modify the fatty acid compos...
- Acyl chain remodelling of PE, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Acyl chain remodelling of PE, organism-specific biosystemIn the acyl chain remodelling pathway (Lands cycle), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is hydrolyzed by phopholipases and subsequently reacylated by acyltransferases. These cycles modify the fatty acid ...
- Acyl chain remodelling of PG, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Acyl chain remodelling of PG, organism-specific biosystemIn the acyl chain remodelling pathway (Lands cycle), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is hydrolyzed by phopholipases and subsequently reacylated by acyltransferases. These cycles modify the fatty acid comp...
- Acyl chain remodelling of PI, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Acyl chain remodelling of PI, organism-specific biosystemIn the acyl chain remodelling pathway (Lands cycle), phosphatidylinositol (PI) is hydrolyzed by phospholipases and subsequently reacylated by acyltransferases. These cycles modify the fatty acid comp...
- Acyl chain remodelling of PS, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Acyl chain remodelling of PS, organism-specific biosystemIn the acyl chain remodelling pathway (Lands cycle), phosphatidylserine (PS) is hydrolysed by phopholipases and subsequently reacylated by acyltransferases. These cycles modify the fatty acid composi...
- Arachidonic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Arachidonic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
Arachidonic acid metabolism
- Arachidonic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Arachidonic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystemEicosanoids, oxygenated, 20-carbon fatty acids, are autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules that modulate physiological processes including pain, fever, inflammation, blood clot formation, smooth...
- Arachidonic acid metabolism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Arachidonic acid metabolism, conserved biosystem
Arachidonic acid metabolism
- Ca-dependent events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Ca-dependent events, organism-specific biosystemCalcium, as the ion Ca2+, is essential in many biological processes. The majority of Ca2+ in many organisms is bound to phosphates which form skeletal structures and also buffer Ca2+ levels in extrac...
- Endothelins, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Endothelins, organism-specific biosystem
Endothelins
- Ether lipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Ether lipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
Ether lipid metabolism
- Ether lipid metabolism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Ether lipid metabolism, conserved biosystem
Ether lipid metabolism
- Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemFc epsilon RI-mediated signaling pathways in mast cells are initiated by the interaction of antigen (Ag) with IgE bound to the extracellular domain of the alpha chain of Fc epsilon RI. The activation...
- Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, conserved biosystemFc epsilon RI-mediated signaling pathways in mast cells are initiated by the interaction of antigen (Ag) with IgE bound to the extracellular domain of the alpha chain of Fc epsilon RI. The activation...
- Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, organism-specific biosystemPhagocytosis plays an essential role in host-defense mechanisms through the uptake and destruction of infectious pathogens. Specialized cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes ta...
- Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, conserved biosystemPhagocytosis plays an essential role in host-defense mechanisms through the uptake and destruction of infectious pathogens. Specialized cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes ta...
- Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells, organism-specific biosystem
Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells
- G-protein mediated events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G-protein mediated events, organism-specific biosystemWhen dissociated Galpha-GTP and Gbeta-gamma can activate or inhibit different signalling cascades and effector proteins. The precise pathways depends on the identity of the alpha and beta/gamma subty...
- Glutamatergic synapse, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Glutamatergic synapse, organism-specific biosystemGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synap...
- Glutamatergic synapse, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Glutamatergic synapse, conserved biosystemGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synap...
- Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, organism-specific biosystemGlycerophospholipids are important structural and functional components of biological membranes and constituents of serum lipoproteins and the pulmonary surfactant. In addition, glycerophospholipids...
- Glycerophospholipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Glycerophospholipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
- Glycerophospholipid metabolism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Glycerophospholipid metabolism, conserved biosystem
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
- GnRH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
GnRH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus acts upon its receptor in the anterior pituitary to regulate the production and release of the gonadotropins, LH and FSH. The GnR...
- GnRH signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
GnRH signaling pathway, conserved biosystemGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus acts upon its receptor in the anterior pituitary to regulate the production and release of the gonadotropins, LH and FSH. The GnR...
- Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystemHemostasis is a physiological response that culminates in the arrest of bleeding from an injured vessel. Under normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhe...
- Hydrolysis of LPC, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Hydrolysis of LPC, organism-specific biosystemLysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is hydrolyzed by phospholipases to produce glycerophosphocholine (GPCho) which is in turn hydrolyzed by glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase to produce choline (Cho) ...
- IL-5 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
IL-5 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-5 belongs to the family of cytokines, which includes IL-3 and GM-CSF. It signals through a receptor complex comprising of an IL-5 receptor alpha subunit (IL5RA), and a common beta chain w...
- Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
- Linoleic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Linoleic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
Linoleic acid metabolism
- Linoleic acid metabolism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Linoleic acid metabolism, conserved biosystem
Linoleic acid metabolism
- Long-term depression, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Long-term depression, organism-specific biosystemCerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and...
- Long-term depression, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Long-term depression, conserved biosystemCerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and...
- MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemMetabolic processes in human cells generate energy through the oxidation of molecules consumed in the diet and mediate the synthesis of diverse essential molecules not taken in the diet as well as th...
- Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystemLipids are hydrophobic but otherwise chemically diverse molecules that play a wide variety of roles in human biology. They include ketone bodies, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids and sphi...
- Opioid Signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Opioid Signalling, organism-specific biosystemOpioids are chemical substances similar to opiates, the active substances found in opium (morphine, codeine etc.). Opioid action is mediated by the receptors for endogenous opioids; peptides such as...
- Ovarian steroidogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Ovarian steroidogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThe ovarian steroids, 17-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), are critical for normal uterine function, establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and mammary gland development. Furthermore, the lo...
- Ovarian steroidogenesis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Ovarian steroidogenesis, conserved biosystemThe ovarian steroids, 17-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), are critical for normal uterine function, establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and mammary gland development. Furthermore, the lo...
- PLC beta mediated events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PLC beta mediated events, organism-specific biosystemThe phospholipase C (PLC) family of enzymes is both diverse and complex. The isoforms beta, gamma and delta (each have subtypes) make up the members of this family. PLC hydrolyzes phosphatidylinosito...
- Phospholipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Phospholipid metabolism, organism-specific biosystemPhospholipids contain a polar head group and two long-chain fatty acyl moieties, one of which is generally unsaturated. The head group is a glycerol or serine phosphate attached to a polar group such...
- Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet activation begins with the initial binding of adhesive ligands and of the excitatory platelet agonists (released or generated at the sites of vascular trauma) to cognate receptors on the pla...
- Platelet homeostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet homeostasis, organism-specific biosystemUnder normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhesion and activation, suppresses coagulation, enhances fibrin cleavage and is anti-inflammatory in charact...
- Platelet sensitization by LDL, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet sensitization by LDL, organism-specific biosystemPhysiological concentrations (1g/L) of Low density lipoprotein (LDL) enhance platelet aggregation responses initiated by thrombin, collagen, and ADP. This enhancement involves the rapid phosphorylati...
- Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation, organism-specific biosystem
Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation
- Serotonergic synapse, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Serotonergic synapse, organism-specific biosystemSerotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays important roles in physiological functions such as learning and memory, emotion, sleep, pain, motor function and endoc...
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- Signal amplification, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal amplification, organism-specific biosystemIn the initial response to injury, platelets adhere to damaged blood vessels, responding to the exposure of collagen from the vascular epithelium. Once adhered they degranulate, releasing stored seco...
- Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven transmembrane domain receptors; heptahelical receptors; G protein-linked receptors [GPLR]) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors i...
- Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta, organism-specific biosystem
Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta
- Synthesis of PA, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Synthesis of PA, organism-specific biosystemIn the de novo synthesis of phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is initially formed by the esterification of sn-1 by glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) from glycerol 3-phosph...
- VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...
- VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...
- Vascular smooth muscle contraction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Vascular smooth muscle contraction, organism-specific biosystemThe vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, VSMCs shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regula...
- Vascular smooth muscle contraction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Vascular smooth muscle contraction, conserved biosystemThe vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, VSMCs shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regula...
- alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism
- alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, conserved biosystem
alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism
- p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemp38 MAPKs are members of the MAPK family that are activated by a variety of environmental stresses and inflammatory cytokines. Stress signals are delivered to this cascade by members of small GTPases...
- phospho-PLA2 pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
phospho-PLA2 pathway, organism-specific biosystemPhospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes hydrolyze arachidonic acid (AA) from the sn-2 position of phospholipids. AA is a precursor of eicosanoids, lipid mediators involved in inflammtory responses. PLA2 enzy...