My NCBISign In

Display Settings:

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

    TLR8 toll-like receptor 8 [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 51311, updated on 20-May-2012
    Help top of page

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    TLR8provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    toll-like receptor 8provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:15632
    Locus tag
    UNQ249/PRO286
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000101916; HPRD:02296; MIM:300366; Vega:OTTHUMG00000021145
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    CD288; MGC119599; MGC119600
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung and peripheral blood leukocytes, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR7, on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Help top of page

    Genomic context

    Location :
    Xp22
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: X; NC_000023.10 (12924739..12941288)
    See TLR8 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome X - NC_000023.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein L35 pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene toll-like receptor 7 Neighboring gene toll-like receptor 7-like Neighboring gene TLR8 antisense RNA 1 (non-protein coding) Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100506583 Neighboring gene thymosin beta 4, X-linked Neighboring gene family with sequence similarity 9, member C

    Help top of page

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
    Helptop of page

    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. [Toll-like receptor 8: the awkward TLR]. Alexopoulou L, et al. Med Sci (Paris), 2012 Jan. PMID 22289837.
    2. R-848 triggers the expression of TLR7/8 and suppresses HIV replication in monocytes. Nian H, et al. BMC Infect Dis, 2012 Jan 14. PMID 22243920.
    3. Dual or triple activation of TLR7, TLR8, and/or TLR9 by single-stranded oligoribonucleotides. Forsbach A, et al. Nucleic Acid Ther, 2011 Dec. PMID 22196370.
    4. TLR7 and TLR8 gene variations and susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection. Wang CH, et al. PLoS One, 2011. PMID 22022576.
    5. Human and rhesus plasmacytoid dendritic cell and B-cell responses to Toll-like receptor stimulation. Gujer C, et al. Immunology, 2011 Nov. PMID 21977996.

    See all (104) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. The study provides evidence that the TLR7 and TLR8 triggering can suppress HIV replication in monocytes and lead to postpone HIV disease progression.
      Title: R-848 triggers the expression of TLR7/8 and suppresses HIV replication in monocytes.
    2. Dual or triple activation of TLR7, TLR8, and/or TLR9 by single-stranded oligoribonucleotides.
      Title: Dual or triple activation of TLR7, TLR8, and/or TLR9 by single-stranded oligoribonucleotides.
    3. we found no evidence of any functional effects of TLR7 or TLR8 polymorphisms on receptor expression, measles-specific cellular responses or measles vaccine antibody responses.
      Title: Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 polymorphisms: associations with functional effects and cellular and antibody responses to measles virus and vaccine.
    4. Human TLR8 detectS viral single-stranded RNA and imidazoquinoline compounds. Review.
      Title: [Toll-like receptor 8: the awkward TLR].
    5. Variations in TLR7 and TLR8 genes might impair immune responses during hepatitis C virus infection.
      Title: TLR7 and TLR8 gene variations and susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection.
    6. Data suggest that the response pattern of human and rhesus B cells and pDCs to TLR7/8 and TLR9 is similar, although some differences in the cell surface phenotype of the differentiating cells exist.
      Title: Human and rhesus plasmacytoid dendritic cell and B-cell responses to Toll-like receptor stimulation.
    7. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 6, 7, and 8 are upregulated in keloid scars
      Title: Upregulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 6, 7, and 8 in keloid scars.
    8. monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies as well as IgG fractions from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome increase mRNA expression of the intracellular TLR7 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and TLR8 in monocytes
      Title: Antiphospholipid antibodies induce translocation of TLR7 and TLR8 to the endosome in human monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
    9. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed significantly higher expression of LEAP-1 (P = 0.002) and TLR-8 (P = 0.023) and TLR-10 (P = 0.014) in viral keratitis and LEAP-2 (P = 0.034) in dry eye, versus controls.
      Title: Increased expression of hepcidin and toll-like receptors 8 and 10 in viral keratitis.
    10. TLR 7 and TLR8 expressions are associated with poor outcome and greater inflammatory response in acute ischemic stroke.
      Title: Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 expression is associated with poor outcome and greater inflammatory response in acute ischemic stroke.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (67)
    Help top of page

    Phenotypes

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Multiple common variants for celiac disease influencing immune gene expression.

    Help top of page

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    Q9NR97 Q06187 BTK    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q9NR97 Q99836 MYD88    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:119462 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    Help top of page

    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
    • MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystemUpon binding of their ligands, TLR7/8 and TLR9 recruit a cytoplasmic adaptor MyD88 and IRAKs, downstream of which the signaling pathways are divided to induce either inflammatory cytokines or type I ...
    • TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation in TLR7/8 or 9 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation in TLR7/8 or 9 signaling, organism-specific biosystemIn plasmacytoid dendritic cell induction of type I IFNs critically depends on IFN regulatory factor 7 in TLR7 and 9 signaling (Honda et al 2005). IRF-7, but not IRF3, interacts with MyD88, TRAF6, and...
    • TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystemTRAF6 mediates NFkB activation via canonical phosphorylation of IKK complex by TAK1. TRAF6 and TAK1 also regulate MAPK cascades leading to the activation of AP-1.
    • Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemRNA can serve as a danger signal, both in its double-stranded form (that is associated with viral infection), as well as single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Specifically, guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich...
    • Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemCpG DNA is an unusual Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP). Cytosine methylation exists in mammalian but not bacterial cells, and most (but not all) CpG in the mammalian genome is methylated....
    • Toll Receptor Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Receptor Cascades, organism-specific biosystemIn human, ten members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family (TLR1-TLR10) have been identified (TLR11 has been found in mouse, but not in human). All TLRs have a similar Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) doma...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Trafficking and processing of endosomal TLR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Trafficking and processing of endosomal TLR, organism-specific biosystemMammalian TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 are endosomal receptors that sense nucleic acids that have been released from endocytosed/phagocytosed bacteria, viruses or parasites. These TLRs have a ligand-recogn...

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    RNA binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    double-stranded RNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    receptor activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    single-stranded RNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cellular response to mechanical stimulus IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    defense response to virus IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    immunoglobulin mediated immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    inflammatory response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    innate immune response NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    innate immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of innate immune response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    response to virus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    endosome membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    integral to membrane IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    intracellular IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Help top of page

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    toll-like receptor 8
    Names
    toll-like receptor 8
    Help top of page

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_012882.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..21550
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_138636.4 → NP_619542.1  toll-like receptor 8 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005859, AC139705
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS14152.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9NR97
      Related
      ENSP00000218032, OTTHUMP00000022930, ENST00000218032, OTTHUMT00000055784
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00082
      Location:772 – 817
      Blast Score: 103
      LRRCT; Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain
      cl15309
      Location:486 – 699
      Blast Score: 124
      LRR_RI; Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), ribonuclease inhibitor (RI)-like subfamily. LRRs are 20-29 residue sequence motifs present in many proteins that participate in protein-protein interactions and have different functions and cellular locations. LRRs correspond ...
      pfam13855
      Location:640 – 699
      Blast Score: 127
      LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat
      cl15770
      Location:882 – 1020
      Blast Score: 198
      TIR_2; TIR domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000023.10 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      12924739..12941288
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000155.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      10691356..10708478
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_016610.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_016610.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.
    Help top of page

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC005859.1 (186399..202878) None
    genomic AC139705.4 (2001..2070) None
    genomic CH471074.1 EAW98808.1
      EAW98809.1
    mRNA AB445666.1 BAG55063.1
    mRNA AF245703.1 AAF78036.1
    mRNA AF246971.1 AAF64061.1
    mRNA AK075117.1 BAC11412.1
    mRNA AK314240.1 None
    mRNA AY358296.1 AAQ88663.1
    mRNA BC101074.1 AAI01075.1
    mRNA BC101075.2 AAI01076.1
    mRNA BC101076.2 AAI01077.1
    mRNA BC101077.1 AAI01078.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q495P6 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q495P6
    Q495P7 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q495P7
    Q8NC00 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q8NC00
    Q9NR97.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9NR97
    Help top of page

    Additional Links

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Medical
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous

      Supplemental Content

      Table of contents

      Links

      Links to other resources

      General information

      Related sites

      Feedback

      Subscription

      Recent activity

      Clear Turn Off Turn On

      Your browsing activity is empty.

      Activity recording is turned off.

      Turn recording back on

      See more...