Sign in to NCBI

Display Settings:

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination
We are sorry, but NCBI web applications do not support your browser and may not function properly. More information

    NFKB2 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49/p100) [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 4791, updated on 15-Jun-2013
    Official Symbol
    NFKB2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49/p100)provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:7795
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000077150; HPRD:01239; MIM:164012; Vega:OTTHUMG00000018962
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    p52; p105; H2TF1; LYT10; LYT-10; NF-kB2
    Summary
    This gene encodes one of the subunits of the transcription factor complex nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFkB). The NFkB transcription factor complex is expressed in numerous cell types and functions as a central activator of genes involved in inflammation and immune function. The NFkB complex can consist of different subunits that form both homo- or heterodimers which bind specific kappa-B elements in target genes. This gene encodes the p100 subunit that is processed into the active p52 subunit. This protein can function as both a transcriptional activator and repressor, depending on its dimer partner. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]
    Location :
    10q24
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 10; NC_000010.10 (104153867..104162286)
    See NFKB2 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene paired-like homeodomain 3 Neighboring gene golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Neighboring gene pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing Neighboring gene F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 15 Neighboring gene CUE domain containing 2

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. OTUB1 modulates c-IAP1 stability to regulate signalling pathways. Goncharov T, et al. EMBO J, 2013 Apr 17. PMID 23524849.
    2. VCP phosphorylation-dependent interaction partners prevent apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. Yu CC, et al. PLoS One, 2013. PMID 23383273.
    3. SCF-mediated degradation of p100 (NF-κB2): mechanisms and relevance in multiple myeloma. Busino L, et al. Sci Signal, 2012 Dec 4. PMID 23211527.
    4. Activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway by HIV controls a dendritic cell immunoregulatory phenotype. Manches O, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012 Aug 28. PMID 22879398.
    5. Proteomic screen reveals Fbw7 as a modulator of the NF-κB pathway. Arabi A, et al. Nat Commun, 2012. PMID 22864569.

    See all (214) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. the FBXW7alpha-dependent degradation of p100 functions as a prosurvival mechanism through control of NF-kappaB activity.
      Title: SCF-mediated degradation of p100 (NF-κB2): mechanisms and relevance in multiple myeloma.
    2. These findings provide a mouse model for human multiple myeloma with aberrant NF-kappaB2 activation and suggest a molecular mechanism for NF-kappaB2 signaling in the pathogenesis of plasma cell tumors.
      Title: NF-κB2 mutation targets survival, proliferation and differentiation pathways in the pathogenesis of plasma cell tumors.
    3. The noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway is integral in controlling immunoregulatory phenotypes of both plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells.
      Title: Activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway by HIV controls a dendritic cell immunoregulatory phenotype.
    4. RelB/NF-kappaB2, is constitutively activated in the human placenta, which binds to a previously undescribed NF-kappaB enhancer of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) gene promoter to regulate CRH expression.
      Title: RelB/NF-κB2 regulates corticotropin-releasing hormone in the human placenta.
    5. Fbw7-mediated destruction of p100 is a regulatory component restricting the response to NF-kappaB2 pathway stimulation.
      Title: Proteomic screen reveals Fbw7 as a modulator of the NF-κB pathway.
    6. Flt3ITD promotes a noncanonical pathway via TAK1 and p52NF-kappaB to suppress DAPK1 in association with histone deacetylases, which explains DAPK1 repression in Flt3ITD(+) acute myeloid leukemia.
      Title: A noncanonical Flt3ITD/NF-κB signaling pathway represses DAPK1 in acute myeloid leukemia.
    7. NF-kappaB2 exhibits the major inhibitory role in the transcription at the CD99 promoter
      Title: Nuclear factor-κB2 represses Sp1-mediated transcription at the CD99 promoter.
    8. mutant p53 elevates expression of genes capable of enhancing cell proliferation, motility, and tumorigenicity by inducing acetylation of histones via recruitment of CBP and STAT2 on the promoters causing CBP-mediated histone acetylation
      Title: p53 mutants induce transcription of NF-κB2 in H1299 cells through CBP and STAT binding on the NF-κB2 promoter and gain of function activity.
    9. Total expression of nuclear factor kappa B-2 was not significantly changed in melphalan resistance in multiple myeloma, but more of the protein population was converted into the p52 isoform
      Title: Monitoring a nuclear factor-κB signature of drug resistance in multiple myeloma.
    10. The activation profile of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas/posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders was not associated with BAFF/BAFF-R expression, whereas nuclear p52 activation might be linked to Epstein-Barr virus.
      Title: p52 Activation in monomorphic B-cell posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder/diffuse large B-cell lymphoma without BAFF-R expression.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (69)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env The mRNA expression levels for alpha-tubulin, TRADD, IFN-gamma R2, GAS1, MADD, NF-kappaB, I-kappa B, 14-3-3 protein, APaf1, PARP, IGF-1 receptor, RB1, Rb2/p130, ARC, and caspase 6 are upregulated in human neuronal cells after treatment with HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env The HIV-1 gp41 cytoplasmic domain-induced NFkappaB activation requires TAK1, RelA, and NEMO proteins PubMed
    env The cytoplasmic domain (residues 704-773) of HIV-1 gp41 induces NFkappaB activation. Deletion of a 12 amino-acid sequence (762CLFSYHRLRDLL) in gp41 leads to a dramatic loss of the NFkappaB activation and tyrosine 766 is particularly important PubMed
    Tat, p14 tat HIV-1 Tat in combination with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increases CXCL10 mRNA and protein in human astrocytes through the activation of the p38, Jnk, and Akt signaling pathways and their downstream transcription factors, NF-kappaB and STAT-1alpha PubMed
    tat Treatment of astrocytes with cell-permeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) leads to a decrease in Tat-induced ROS generation and NF-kappaB activation PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat activates NFkappaB, causing the induction of CD95 ligand, CD69, iNOS, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and MMP-9, as well as monocyte adhesion, cellular activation and angiogenesis PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat-mediated transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter requires NFkappaB binding sites in the promoter and involves the activation of NFkappaB by Tat PubMed
    tat In HIV-1 Tat-expressing and HIV-infected astrocytes, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is significantly elevated through NF-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-responsive sites in the ET-1 promoter PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat has been shown to bind NFkappaB in vitro in gel shift, GST-pull down and affinity matrix assays PubMed
    tat NFAT-1 negatively regulates HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR by competing with NFkappaB for its binding to the LTR, thereby blocking the interaction of NFkappaB with Tat PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat enhances tumor necrosis factor-induced activation of NFkappaB by downregulating manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) PubMed
    tat NFkappaB tethers the p160 nuclear receptor co-activator GRIP1 to the HIV-1 LTR promoter, thereby regulating the full activation of this promoter by HIV-1 Tat PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat activates NFkappaB through the cellular interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase, PKR PubMed
    tat p56-lck plays a critical role in the activation of NFkappaB by HIV-1 Tat PubMed
    tat Activation of NFkappaB by HIV-1 Tat leads to a reduction in adenylyl cyclase activity and an inhibition of cAMP synthesis PubMed
    tat Activation of NFkappaB by HIV-1 Tat is inhibited by Nitric Oxide PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_002493.2 NP_005169.1 BCL3    BIND  PubMed p52 interacts with BCL-3. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between p52 from an unspecified species and human BCL-3. 
    NP_002493.2 NP_004547.1 NFKBIE    BIND  PubMed p52 interacts with I-kappa-B-epsilon. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between p52 from an unspecified species and human I-kappa-B-epsilon. 
    Q00653 P20749 BCL3    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q9Y297 BTRC    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 O15111 CHUK    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 O00571 DDX3X    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q92896 GLG1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 P78347 GTF2I    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 P56524 HDAC4    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q9UQL6 HDAC5    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 O14920 IKBKB    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q9Y6K9 IKBKG    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q99558 MAP3K14    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 P41279 MAP3K8    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 O00255 MEN1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 P19838 NFKB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 P25963 NFKBIA    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q15653 NFKBIB    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 O00221 NFKBIE    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 O15226 NKRF    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 P04150 NR3C1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q13285 NR5A1    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 O00231 PSMD11    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q04864 REL    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q04206 RELA    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q01201 RELB    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 P62888 RPL30    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q02878 RPL6    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 P62277 RPS13    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 TNFAIP3 interacting protein 2 TNIP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 Q99576 TSC22D3    HPRD  PubMed  
    Q00653 O75604 USP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:107074 BCL3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:106826 BIRC2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:971770 BRRF1    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:114457 BTRC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Protein-peptide 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:107569 CHUK    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:127317 COMMD1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:119309 COMMD2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:107777 CREBBP    BioGRID  PubMed Co-localization 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:108020 DDX3X    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:111909 DPF2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:108373 EPS8    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:116887 FBXW11    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:120581 FBXW7    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:108996 GLG1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:109315 HDAC1    BioGRID  PubMed Co-localization 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:114089 IKBKG    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:114487 MAP3K14    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:107719 MAP3K8    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:110384 MEN1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:110857 NFKB1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:110858 NFKB2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:110861 NFKBIE    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:122139 NFKBIZ    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:121002 NKRF    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:109165 NR3C1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:111689 PSMD11    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:111898 REL    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:111902 RELA    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:111903 RELB    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:112075 RPL30    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:112048 RPL6    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:112121 RPS13    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:115247 SEC16A    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:117439 SIN3A    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:116983 SIRT1    BioGRID  PubMed Negative Genetic 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:112550 SP1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:113188 SUMO1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:112497 SUMO2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:118878 TBK1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:122573 TNIP2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:108165 TSC22D3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:113102 TSG101    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:115791 UBD    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:114553 USP2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110858 BioGRID:113258 VCP    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    • Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystemTLR4 is unique among the TLR family in its ability to recruit four adapters to activate two distinct signaling pathways. One pathway is activated by the pair of the adapters Mal or TIRAP (Toll/inter...
    • Alternative NF-kappaB pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Alternative NF-kappaB pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Alternative NF-kappaB pathway
    • Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
    • Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA, organism-specific biosystemPresence of pathogen-associated DNA in cytosol induces type I IFN production. Several intracellular receptors have been implicated to some degree. These include DNA-dependent activator of interferon ...
    • DAI mediated induction of type I IFNs, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      DAI mediated induction of type I IFNs, organism-specific biosystemDNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI), also known as Z-DNA-binding protein-1 (ZBP-1), was reported to initiate innate immune responses in murine L929 cells upon stimulation by multi...
    • DNA damage response (only ATM dependent), organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      DNA damage response (only ATM dependent), organism-specific biosystemThis is the second pathway out of two pathways which deals with DNA damage response. It has two central gene products (ATM and TP53) which are connected with the first DNA damage response pathway. In...
    • EBV LMP1 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      EBV LMP1 signaling, organism-specific biosystembased on science-slides...
    • Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
    • Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
    • Folate Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Folate Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
      Folate Metabolism
    • HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL12-mediated signaling events
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
    • Interleukin-1 processing, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interleukin-1 processing, organism-specific biosystemThe IL-1 family of cytokines that interact with the Type 1 IL-1R include IL-1 Alpha (IL1A), IL-1 Beta (IL1B) and the IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1RAP). IL1RAP is synthesized with a signal pep...
    • Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Legionellosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, conserved biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemMammalian myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR)-domain containing adapter protein which plays crucial role in TLR signaling. All TLRs, with only one exception of...
    • MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystemUpon binding of their ligands, TLR7/8 and TLR9 recruit a cytoplasmic adaptor MyD88 and IRAKs, downstream of which the signaling pathways are divided to induce either inflammatory cytokines or type I ...
    • MyD88-independent cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88-independent cascade, organism-specific biosystemMyD88-independent signaling route utilizes TRAM and TRIF adapters, that are essential for production of both type 1 interferons(IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. TRAM is thought to bridge between...
    • MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemThe first known downstream component of TLR4 and TLR2 signaling is the adaptor MyD88. Another adapter MyD88-adaptor-like (Mal; also known as TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein or TIRAP) has also b...
    • NF-kappa B signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      NF-kappa B signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemNuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is the generic name of a family of transcription factors that function as dimers and regulate genes involved in immunity, inflammation and cell survival. There are...
    • Neural Crest Differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Neural Crest Differentiation, organism-specific biosystemGene regulatory network model of cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) development, adaped from PMID: 19575671. Most interactions in the model are proposed to regulate transcription of core factors involv...
    • Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
    • Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
    • Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
      Pathways in cancer
    • RANKL/RANK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      RANKL/RANK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemRANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand), RANK (Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B) and the natural decoy receptor of RANKL, OPG (Osteoprotegerin) are three important mol...
    • RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways, organism-specific biosystemRIG-I-like helicases (RLHs) the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) are RNA helicases that recognize viral RNA present within the cytoplasm. F...
    • RIP-mediated NFkB activation via DAI, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      RIP-mediated NFkB activation via DAI, organism-specific biosystemOverexpression of human or murine DAI in human embryonic kidney 293T cells (HEK293T) activated NF-kB-dependent promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Two RHIM-contaning kinases RIP1 and RIP3 are implic...
    • SIDS Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      SIDS Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystemIn this model, we provide an integrated view of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at the level of implicated tissues, signaling networks and genetics. The purpose of this model is to serve as an ov...
    • Selenium Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Selenium Pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Selenium Pathway
    • Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystemInterleukins are low molecular weight proteins that bind to cell surface receptors and act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. They were first identified as factors produced by leukocytes but a...
    • TAK1 activates NFkB by phosphorylation and activation of IKKs complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TAK1 activates NFkB by phosphorylation and activation of IKKs complex, organism-specific biosystemNF-kappaB is sequestered in the cytoplasm in a complex with inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkB). Almost all NF-kappaB activation pathways are mediated by IkB kinase (IKK), which phosphorylates IkB resulting...
    • TNF-alpha/NF-kB Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TNF-alpha/NF-kB Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem"The Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily. It signals through 2 separate receptors - TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, both members of the TNF receptor supe...
    • TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation, organism-specific biosystemThe TRAF6/TAK1 signal activates a canonical IKK complex, resulting in the activation of NF-kB as well as MAPK cascades leading to the activation of AP-1. Although TRAF6/TAK1 has been implicated in To...
    • TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystemTRAF6 mediates NFkB activation via canonical phosphorylation of IKK complex by TAK1. TRAF6 and TAK1 also regulate MAPK cascades leading to the activation of AP-1.
    • TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemTRIF was shown to induce IRF3/7 and NF-?B activation and apoptosis through distinct intracellular signaling pathways [Han KJ et al 2004; Kaiser WJ and Offermann MK et al 2005]. TRIF consists of an N...
    • TSLP Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TSLP Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a type I cytokine member of interleukin-2 cytokine family. TSLP signals through interleukin-7 receptor a chain (IL-7Ra) and the TSLP receptor subunit (TSLPR), h...
    • TWEAK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TWEAK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemTNF related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a small pleiotropic cytokine of the TNF super family and its gene is located at chromosome 17p13.1. TWEAK has been reported to be expressed in tissues...
    • Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemLittle is known about TLR10 ligands. It has been established that the receptor homodimerizes upon binding and signals in an MyD88-dependent manner (Hasan U et al 2005; Nyman T et al 2008). It may als...
    • Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 is involved in recognition of peptidoglycan from gram-positive bacteria, bacterial lipoproteins, mycoplasma lipoprotein and mycobacterial products. It is quite possible that recognition of at le...
    • Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as was shown for mammals is expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium, macrophages, and appears to play a central role in mediating the antiviral and in...
    • Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like Receptor 4 is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern receptor well known for it's sensitivity to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is assembled within diverse Gram-negative bacteria,...
    • Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR5 is the receptor for flagellin, the protein that forms bacterial flagella. Unlike most other Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), flagellin does not undergo any posttranslational modif...
    • Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemRNA can serve as a danger signal, both in its double-stranded form (that is associated with viral infection), as well as single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Specifically, guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich...
    • Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemCpG DNA is an unusual Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP). Cytosine methylation exists in mammalian but not bacterial cells, and most (but not all) CpG in the mammalian genome is methylated....
    • Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR1 is expressed by monocytes. TLR1 and TLR2 cotranslationally form heterodimeric complexes on the cell surface and in the cytosol. The TLR2:TLR1 complex recognizes Neisserial PorB and Mycobacterial...
    • Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 and TLR4 recognize different bacterial cell wall components. While TLR4 is trained onto Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide components, TLR2 - in combination with TLR6 - plays a major role in recog...
    • Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystemIn human, ten members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family (TLR1-TLR10) have been identified (TLR11 has been found in mouse, but not in human). All TLRs have a similar Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) doma...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Viral carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Viral carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThere is a strong association between viruses and the development of human malignancies. We now know that at least six human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C vi...
    • Viral carcinogenesis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Viral carcinogenesis, conserved biosystemThere is a strong association between viruses and the development of human malignancies. We now know that at least six human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C vi...

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    transcription coactivator activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    extracellular matrix organization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    follicular dendritic cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    germinal center formation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    innate immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of type I interferon production TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    spleen development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    transcription, DNA-dependent IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    NOT nucleolus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    Preferred Names
    nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit
    Names
    nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit
    oncogene Lyt-10
    DNA-binding factor KBF2
    lymphocyte translocation chromosome 10 protein
    nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B-cells 2

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001077494.2 → NP_001070962.1  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform a

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL121928, DA711063, S76638
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS41564.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q00653
      Related
      ENSP00000358983, OTTHUMP00000059136, ENST00000369966, OTTHUMT00000050080
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd01177
      Location:228 – 327
      Blast Score: 452
      IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...
      cd00204
      Location:483 – 620
      Blast Score: 253
      ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...
      cd07934
      Location:38 – 221
      Blast Score: 942
      RHD-n_NFkB2; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of nuclear factor kappa B2 (NF-kappa B2)
      cd08798
      Location:774 – 849
      Blast Score: 243
      Death_NFkB2_p100; Death domain of the Nuclear Factor-KappaB2 precursor protein p100
      pfam12796
      Location:605 – 696
      Blast Score: 186
      Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)
      pfam13637
      Location:488 – 547
      Blast Score: 103
      Ank_4; Ankyrin repeats (many copies)

    2. NM_001261403.1 → NP_001248332.1  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform b

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform b), compared to isoform a. Variants 2 and 4 encodes the same isoform (b).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK292654, AL121928, DA349980
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS41565.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q00653
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd01177
      Location:228 – 327
      Blast Score: 452
      IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...
      cd00204
      Location:483 – 620
      Blast Score: 253
      ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...
      cd07934
      Location:38 – 221
      Blast Score: 942
      RHD-n_NFkB2; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of nuclear factor kappa B2 (NF-kappa B2)
      cd08798
      Location:774 – 849
      Blast Score: 243
      Death_NFkB2_p100; Death domain of the Nuclear Factor-KappaB2 precursor protein p100
      pfam12796
      Location:605 – 696
      Blast Score: 186
      Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)
      pfam13637
      Location:488 – 547
      Blast Score: 103
      Ank_4; Ankyrin repeats (many copies)

    3. NM_002502.4 → NP_002493.3  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform b

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform b), compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL121928, BT009769, DA408461, X61498
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS41565.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q00653
      Related
      ENSP00000189444, OTTHUMP00000020371, ENST00000189444, OTTHUMT00000050078
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd01177
      Location:228 – 327
      Blast Score: 452
      IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...
      cd00204
      Location:483 – 620
      Blast Score: 253
      ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...
      cd07934
      Location:38 – 221
      Blast Score: 942
      RHD-n_NFkB2; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of nuclear factor kappa B2 (NF-kappa B2)
      cd08798
      Location:774 – 849
      Blast Score: 243
      Death_NFkB2_p100; Death domain of the Nuclear Factor-KappaB2 precursor protein p100
      pfam12796
      Location:605 – 696
      Blast Score: 186
      Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)
      pfam13637
      Location:488 – 547
      Blast Score: 103
      Ank_4; Ankyrin repeats (many copies)

    RNA

    1. NR_048560.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate 5' exon structure and contains and uses an alternate splice site, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding due to the presence of an upstream ORF that is predicted to interfere with translation of the longest ORF; translation of the upstream ORF renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL121928, BC002844, DB091090

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000010.10 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      104153867..104162286
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000142.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      97787077..97795460
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018921.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      104516420..104524840
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic ABBA01063159.1 (22850..23319) None
    genomic ABBA01063160.1 None
    genomic AL121928.13 (39475..47895) None
    genomic AMYH01003017.1 (251684..260104) None
    genomic AY865619.1 AAW56071.1
    genomic CH471066.2 EAW49700.1
      EAW49701.1
      EAW49702.1
      EAW49703.1
      EAW49704.1
      EAW49705.1
      EAW49706.1
    genomic HI573866.1 CBX47422.1
    genomic HI573868.1 CBX47423.1
    genomic HI573870.1 CBX47424.1
    genomic U20816.1 AAA68171.1
    mRNA AK098415.1 None
    mRNA AK292654.1 BAF85343.1
    mRNA BC002844.2 AAH02844.1
    mRNA BT009769.1 AAP88771.1
    mRNA BY799958.2 None
    mRNA DA349980.1 None
    mRNA DA408461.1 None
    mRNA DA711063.1 None
    mRNA DB091090.1 None
    mRNA S76638.1 AAB21124.1
    mRNA U09609.2 AAA21462.2
    mRNA X61498.1 CAA43715.1
    mRNA X61499.1 CAA43716.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    AAB23437.1 GenPept
    Q00653.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q00653

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Medical
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous

      Supplemental Content

      Table of contents

      Related information

      • Order cDNA clone
        Order cDNA clone
      • 3D structures
        3D structure of a gene
      • BioAssay
        Related PubChem BioAssays
      • BioProjects
        BioProjects related to a gene
      • BioSystems
        BioSystems
      • CCDS
        Links from Gene to CCDS are established if a gene encodes a protein sequence that is a member of a Consensus CDS (CCDS).
      • Conserved Domains
        Conserved Domain Database Links between Entrez Gene and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) are calculated from the domains annotated by the CDD group on Reference Sequence proteins.
      • dbVar
        Link from Gene to dbVar
      • EST
        Link to related EST entry
      • Full text in PMC
        PMC links
      • Full text in PMC_nucleotide
        Full text in PubMedCentral identified from shared sequence links
      • Genome
        Genome records having the gene annotated on corresponding genomic reference sequence.
      • GEO Profiles
        Related GEO
      • HomoloGene
        Links between HomoloGene and Gene are provided by the HomoloGene group when a gene is included in a HomoloGene record.
      • Map Viewer
        These links are maintained by the Map Viewer group and are provided when a GeneID is annotated on a map for the same species.
      • Nucleotide
        Link to related Nucleotide entry
      • OMIM
        Links between OMIM and Gene are calculated by Gene based on MIM numbers included in the summary and phenotype sections of the Gene record.
      • Probe
        Related Probe entry
      • Protein
        Link to related protein entry
      • PubChem Compound
        PubChem Compounds
      • PubChem Substance
        PubChem Substances
      • PubMed
        Links between Gene and PubMed are the result of the following: 1. Manual curation within NCBI. Part of the process of generating a REVIEWED RefSeq is an analysis of the current literature. Papers that are seminal in defining the gene, its sequence, and its function are added to the record at that time. Alert users point out gaps or errors in papers associated with a Gene record. These messages are reviewed and implemented as required. 2. Integration of information from other public databases. Gene integrates gene-citation from resources external to NCBI such as model organism-specific databases, Gene Ontology (GO), groups curating interactions, and sequence databases. The assumption in using these source is that they report citations specific to a gene in a known species. Gene does not process citations from OMIM automatically, because many of citations in OMIM refer to studies of genes in species other than human.
      • PubMed (GeneRIF)
        GeneRIF -- Gene Reference Into Function Staff of the Index Section in the National Library of Medicine review the current literature. When they find articles focused on the structure and function of a gene, they write a brief summary of the impact of the paper and make the connection between the citation (PubMed) and Gene. An interface exists for interested users to submit such data as well. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneRIF/GeneRIFhelp.html
      • PubMed (OMIM)
        Links are provided when Gene has a link to a record in OMIM, and OMIM explicitly cites these publications in PubMed.
      • PubMed(nucleotide/PMC)
        Citations in PubMed identified from shared sequence and PMC links.
      • RefSeq Proteins
        Link to Protein RefSeqs
      • RefSeq RNAs
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeq RNAs
      • SNP
        Related SNP records
      • SNP: GeneView
        SNPs linked from GeneView
      • SNP: Genotype
        Gene Genotype Report
      • Taxonomy
        Link to related taxonomy entry
      • UniGene
        Links are provided between Gene and UniGene when both databases calculate links to the same mRNA record (gi).
      • UniSTS
        Related UniSTS records

      Links to other resources

      General information

      Related sites

      Feedback

      Subscription

      Recent activity

      Clear Turn Off Turn On

      Your browsing activity is empty.

      Activity recording is turned off.

      Turn recording back on

      See more...