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    MDK midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2) [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 4192, updated on 11-May-2012
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    Summary

    Official Symbol
    MDKprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:6972
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000110492; HPRD:01200; MIM:162096; Vega:OTTHUMG00000150315
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    MK; NEGF2; FLJ27379
    Summary
    Midkine is a retinoic acid-responsive, heparin-binding growth factor expressed in various cell types during embryogenesis. It promotes angiogenesis, cell growth, and cell migration. Midkine is also expressed in several carcinomas, suggesting that it may play a role in tumorigenesis, perhaps through its effects on angiogenesis (summary by Reynolds et al., 2004 [PubMed 15197188]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]
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    Genomic context

    Location :
    11p11.2
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 11; NC_000011.9 (46402618..46405375)
    See MDK in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 1 Neighboring gene diacylglycerol kinase, zeta Neighboring gene microRNA 4688 Neighboring gene cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 Neighboring gene autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S10 pseudogene 19

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    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
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    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Expression of midkine and vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric cancer and the association of high levels with poor prognosis and survival. Zhao ZQ, et al. Mol Med Report, 2012 Feb. PMID 22051879.
    2. Midkine and Alk signaling in sympathetic neuron proliferation and neuroblastoma predisposition. Reiff T, et al. Development, 2011 Nov. PMID 21989914.
    3. Serum midkine as a prognostic biomarker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hung YJ, et al. Am J Clin Pathol, 2011 Oct. PMID 21917682.
    4. A directed protein interaction network for investigating intracellular signal transduction. Vinayagam A, et al. Sci Signal, 2011 Sep 6. PMID 21900206.
    5. Increased midkine expression correlates with desmoid tumour recurrence: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. Colombo C, et al. J Pathol, 2011 Dec. PMID 21826666.

    See all (97) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. Expression of MK and VEGF is increased in gastric cancer and increased expression is closely correlated with poor prognosis and survival
      Title: Expression of midkine and vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric cancer and the association of high levels with poor prognosis and survival.
    2. Quantitative analysis of MK messenger RNA expression revealed that periapical granulomas expressed significantly more MK than healthy gingival tissues. These findings suggest that MK is involved in the pathogenesis of periapical granulomas.
      Title: Midkine expression in human periapical granulomas.
    3. Results demonstrate that the extent and timing of sympathetic neurogenesis is controlled by Midkine and Alk signaling.
      Title: Midkine and Alk signaling in sympathetic neuron proliferation and neuroblastoma predisposition.
    4. Increased midkine expression correlates with desmoid tumour recurrence.
      Title: Increased midkine expression correlates with desmoid tumour recurrence: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
    5. Serum midkine levels can be useful to monitor hepatocellular carcinoma progression
      Title: Serum midkine as a prognostic biomarker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
    6. selective targeting of the Mdk/ALK axis could help to improve the efficacy of antitumoral therapies for gliomas.
      Title: Stimulation of the midkine/ALK axis renders glioma cells resistant to cannabinoid antitumoral action.
    7. There is powerful drug efflux ability in lymphoblastic leukemia cells with high midkine gene expression.
      Title: [Relationship between midkine expression and drug efflux in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells].
    8. High expression of MK and VEGF in bone marrow is correlated with angiogenesis and prognosis of multiple myeloma.
      Title: [Expression of midkine and vascular endothelial growth factor in bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma and its significance].
    9. Increased Serum Midkine Concentrations Correlate with Recurrence and Decreased Serum Midkine Level Correlates with Imatinib therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
      Title: Serum midkine correlates with tumor progression and imatinib response in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
    10. Both TP and MK are important for angiogenesis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of TP, MK and CD105 were all correlated with T-stage and lymph node metastasis.
      Title: [The expressions of TP, MK and CD105 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their clinical significance].
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (69)
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    Phenotypes

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Association of IFIH1 and other autoimmunity risk alleles with selective IgA deficiency.

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    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_001012333.1     BIND  PubMed Midkine interacts with heparin. 
    P21741 Q9UM73 ALK    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 P23458 JAK1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 O60674 JAK2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 Q07954 LRP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 P98164 LRP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 P21741 MDK    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 P19338 NCL    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 P23471 PTPRZ1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 Q02543 RPL18A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 P18827 SDC1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 O75056 SDC3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 P31431 SDC4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 P42224 STAT1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 P22735 TGM1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 O60635 TSPAN1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P21741 Q9NRR5 UBQLN4    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:106586 ACTG1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:110215 LRP1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:111583 MAPK6    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:110764 NCAM1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:110771 NCL    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:110876 NID1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:116476 NID2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:111767 PTPRZ1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:112062 RPL18A    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:113603 TUBA1A    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:110357 BioGRID:131483 TUBB2B    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
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    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    growth factor activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    heparin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    adrenal gland development ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    behavioral fear response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cell differentiation NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cerebellar granular layer development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cerebral cortex development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    defecation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    dentate gyrus development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    multicellular organismal development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    nervous system development NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    neuroprotection IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of behavior IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to wounding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    short-term memory IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    signal transduction NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    extracellular region IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
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    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    midkine
    Names
    midkine
    ARAP
    amphiregulin-associated protein
    midgestation and kidney protein
    neurite outgrowth-promoting protein
    neurite outgrowth-promoting factor 2
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    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001012333.1 → NP_001012333.1  midkine precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC011704, BM016739, CN266376, X55110
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS7919.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P21741
      Related
      ENSP00000378932, ENST00000395565
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02505
      Location:37 – 116
      Blast Score: 351
      PTN_MK_N; PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain

    2. NM_001012334.1 → NP_001012334.1  midkine precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK130889, X55110
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS7919.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P21741
      Related
      ENSP00000352852, ENST00000359803
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02505
      Location:37 – 116
      Blast Score: 351
      PTN_MK_N; PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain

    3. NM_002391.3 → NP_002382.1  midkine precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC011704, BM761575, X55110
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS7919.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P21741
      Related
      ENSP00000378933, OTTHUMP00000197044, ENST00000395566, OTTHUMT00000317545
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02505
      Location:37 – 116
      Blast Score: 351
      PTN_MK_N; PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000011.9 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      46402618..46405375
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000143.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      46109576..46112333
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC116021.5 (147577..150334) None
    genomic CH471064.2 EAW68005.1
    genomic D10604.1 BAA01457.1
    genomic JA464939.1 CCD35255.1
    genomic M94250.1 AAA59850.1
    mRNA AK130889.1 None
    mRNA AK308210.1 None
    mRNA AK309963.1 None
    mRNA BC011704.2 AAH11704.1
    mRNA BM016739.1 None
    mRNA BM761575.1 None
    mRNA CN266376.1 None
    mRNA DQ323888.1 ABC55425.1
    mRNA DQ323889.1 ABC55426.1
    mRNA DQ323890.1 ABC55427.1
    mRNA M69148.1 AAA58478.1
    mRNA X55110.1 CAA38908.1
    other-genetic DQ893220.2 ABM84146.1
    other-genetic DQ896549.2 ABM87548.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P21741.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P21741
    Q2LEK2 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q2LEK2
    Q2LEK3 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q2LEK3
    Q2LEK4 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q2LEK4
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    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Medical
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