- Adipocytokine signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Adipocytokine signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemIncreased adipocyte volume and number are positively correlated with leptin production, and negatively correlated with production of adiponectin. Leptin is an important regulator of energy intake and...
- Adipocytokine signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Adipocytokine signaling pathway, conserved biosystemIncreased adipocyte volume and number are positively correlated with leptin production, and negatively correlated with production of adiponectin. Leptin is an important regulator of energy intake and...
- Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The 2 major pathways of apoptosis are the extrinsic (Fas and other TNFR superfamily me...
- Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
- Apoptosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Apoptosis, conserved biosystemApoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The 2 major pathways of apoptosis are the extrinsic (Fas and other TNFR superfamily me...
- B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe B cell receptor includes membrane ???? heavy chain molecules bound to a light chain and an Ig alpha (CD79A)/Ig beta (CD79B) heterodimer. Activation of the B cell receptor involves phosphorylation...
- Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified s...
- Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified s...
- Delta-Notch Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Delta-Notch Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThere are 4 Notch receptors in humans (Notch 1-4) that bind to a family of 5 ligands (Jagged 1 and 2 and Delta-like 1-3). The Notch receptors are expressed on the cell surface as heterodimeric protei...
- Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
- Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
- Influenza A, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Influenza A, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
- Influenza A, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Influenza A, conserved biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
- MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemMyeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR)-domain containing adapter protein which plays a crucial role in TLR signaling. All TLRs except TLR3 can initiate downstream...
- MyD88-dependent cascade initiated on endosome membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88-dependent cascade initiated on endosome membrane, organism-specific biosystemMyeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR)-domain containing adapter protein which plays a crucial role in TLR signaling. All TLRs except TLR3 can initiate downstream...
- MyD88:TIRAP-dependent cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88:TIRAP-dependent cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemMyeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR)-domain containing adapter protein which plays a crucial role in TLR signaling. All TLRs except TLR3 can initiate downstream...
- NFkB and MAPK activation mediated by TRAF6, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NFkB and MAPK activation mediated by TRAF6, organism-specific biosystemTreatment of chicken heterophiles with either flagellin or lipopolysaccharide induces the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-18, IL-1 beta, CXCLi2) throug...
- NFkB activation mediated by RIP1 complexed with activated TLR3, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NFkB activation mediated by RIP1 complexed with activated TLR3, organism-specific biosystemReceptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) mediates the activation of proinflammatory cytokines via intermediate induction of IKK complex in NFkB pathways [Ea et al. 2006]. Poly(I-C) treatment stimulated ...
- NFkB and MAPK activation mediated by TRAF6 upon TLR7 or TLR21 stimulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NFkB and MAPK activation mediated by TRAF6 upon TLR7 or TLR21 stimulation, organism-specific biosystemExpression of chicken TLR21 in HEK293 was shown to upregulate NF-kB activation in response to synthetic CpG DNA (Keestra et al 2010). PKC, MEK1/2, p38MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways were also repor...
- NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
- NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
- RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
- RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
- TAK1 activates NFkB by phosphorylation and activation of IKKs complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TAK1 activates NFkB by phosphorylation and activation of IKKs complex, organism-specific biosystemNF-kappaB is sequestered in the cytoplasm in a complex with inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkB). Almost all NF-kappaB activation pathways are mediated by IkB kinase (IKK), which phosphorylates IkB resulting...
- TLR15 cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TLR15 cascade, organism-specific biosystemBioinformatics analysis of the chicken genome revealed a pathogen recognition receptor - TLR15, whose ortholog is absent in mammals [Higgs R et al 2006]. TLR15 orthologs were also found in other avia...
- TLR2 subfamily cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TLR2 subfamily cascade, organism-specific biosystemIn chicken, TLR1 and 2 genes are individually duplicated to encode four different proteins of the TLR2 subfamily: chTLR1 type 1 (TLR1-1, or TLR1LA, or TLR16) chTLR1 type 2 (TLR1-2 or TLR1LB) chTLR2 ...
- TLR21 cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TLR21 cascade, organism-specific biosystemChickens express TLR21 which is absent in human; chTLR21 has orthologs in fish and frog genomes and shows similarity with murine TLR13. Cloning and expression analysis revealed that the TLR21 gene en...
- TLR3 cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TLR3 cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as was shown for mammals is expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium, and macrophages, and appears to play a central role in mediating both the antivir...
- TLR4 cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TLR4 cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like Receptor 4 is an evolutionarily conserved microbe associated molecular pattern receptor well known for its sensitivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is a major cell wall compo...
- TLR5 cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TLR5 cascade, organism-specific biosystemIn mammals, the interaction of flagellin with TLR5 induces a signaling cascade that utilizes MyD88 adaptor, IRAK family members, and downstream signaling mediators such as MAP kinases and NF-kB that ...
- TLR7 cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TLR7 cascade, organism-specific biosystemIn mammals, TLR7 and TLR8 belong to TLR9 subfamily and senses RNA in endosomal compartments, initiating the MyD88 signaling cascade.Although functional assays showed that chicken cells respond to kno...
- TRAF6 mediated induction of the anti inflammatory cytokines, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRAF6 mediated induction of the anti inflammatory cytokines, organism-specific biosystemTogether with ubiquitin-conjugating E2-type enzymes UBC13 and UEV1A (also known as UBE2V1), TRAF6 catalyzes Lys63-linked ubiquitination. It is believed that auto polyubiquitination and oligomerizatio...
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
- Toll-like receptors (TLR) cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll-like receptors (TLR) cascades, organism-specific biosystemToll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of highly conserved pathogen recognition receptors which initiate and regulate the immune response by controlling cytokine and chemokines expression.Mammalian a...