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    RHOC ras homolog family member C [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 389, updated on 12-May-2012
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    Summary

    Official Symbol
    RHOCprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    ras homolog family member Cprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:669
    Locus tag
    RP11-426L16.4
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000155366; HPRD:01322; MIM:165380; Vega:OTTHUMG00000011905
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    H9; ARH9; ARHC; RHOH9; MGC1448; MGC61427
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. It is thought to be important in cell locomotion. Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
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    Genomic context

    Location :
    1p13.1
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 1; NC_000001.10 (113243749..113250025, complement)
    See RHOC in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1 Neighboring gene RNA, U7 small nuclear 70 pseudogene Neighboring gene Mov10, Moloney leukemia virus 10, homolog (mouse) Neighboring gene protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1J Neighboring gene family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A3

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    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
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    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiquitylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles. Wagner SA, et al. Mol Cell Proteomics, 2011 Oct. PMID 21890473.
    2. p38γ promotes breast cancer cell motility and metastasis through regulation of RhoC GTPase, cytoskeletal architecture, and a novel leading edge behavior. Rosenthal DT, et al. Cancer Res, 2011 Oct 15. PMID 21862636.
    3. RhoGDIα-dependent balance between RhoA and RhoC is a key regulator of cancer cell tumorigenesis. Giang Ho TT, et al. Mol Biol Cell, 2011 Sep. PMID 21757538.
    4. RhoA and RhoC have distinct roles in migration and invasion by acting through different targets. Vega FM, et al. J Cell Biol, 2011 May 16. PMID 21576392.
    5. [Expression of RhoC and ROCK-1 and their effects on MAPK and Akt proteins in prostate carcinoma]. Bu Q, et al. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi, 2011 Mar. PMID 21575520.

    See all (89) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. Expression levels of RhoC and ROCK-1 in prostate carcinoma are higher than those in corresponding paracancerous tissues, showing a significant positive correlation with distant metastasis.
      Title: [Expression of RhoC and ROCK-1 and their effects on MAPK and Akt proteins in prostate carcinoma].
    2. RhoGDIalpha-dependent balance between RhoA and RhoC is a key regulator of cancer cell tumorigenesis
      Title: RhoGDIα-dependent balance between RhoA and RhoC is a key regulator of cancer cell tumorigenesis.
    3. p38gamma mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates breast cancer cell motility and metastasis, in part, by controlling expression of the metastasis-associated small GTPase RhoC.
      Title: p38γ promotes breast cancer cell motility and metastasis through regulation of RhoC GTPase, cytoskeletal architecture, and a novel leading edge behavior.
    4. RHOC expression was induced by direct p53 binding to a regulatory element within the RHOC gene.
      Title: p53-mediated transcriptional regulation and activation of the actin cytoskeleton regulatory RhoC to LIMK2 signaling pathway promotes cell survival.
    5. The knockdown of RhoC expression had no effect on the migration-stimulatory activity of IQGAP1.
      Title: RhoC protein stimulates migration of gastric cancer cells through interaction with scaffold protein IQGAP1.
    6. RhoC promotes polarized tumor cell migration through FMNL3 by restricting lamellipodial broadening.
      Title: RhoA and RhoC have distinct roles in migration and invasion by acting through different targets.
    7. Results indicate that SmgGDS is a bona fide GEF that specifically activates RhoA and RhoC through a unique mechanism not used by other Rho family exchange factors.
      Title: SmgGDS is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that specifically activates RhoA and RhoC.
    8. RHOC expression may contribute to explain the different stage at diagnosis of clear cell and high-grade serous carcinomas.
      Title: Ovarian clear cell carcinomas: RHO GTPases may contribute to explain their singular biologic behavior.
    9. The migration of A549 cell decreased after blockage of PRL-3 and RhoC. PRL-3, RhoC could increase cell migration in A549 cells.
      Title: [Expressions and significances of PRL-3 and RhoC in A549 cell].
    10. A p27(kip1)-binding protein, p27RF-Rho, promotes cancer metastasis via activation of RhoA and RhoC.
      Title: A p27(kip1)-binding protein, p27RF-Rho, promotes cancer metastasis via activation of RhoA and RhoC.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (56)
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    Phenotypes

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

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    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    P08134 Q07960 ARHGAP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P08134 O14578 CIT    HPRD  PubMed  
    P08134 O60610 DIAPH1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P08134 Q13464 ROCK1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P08134 Q9BST9 RTKN    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:106882 BioGRID:106885 ARHGAP1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106882 BioGRID:106889 ARHGDIA    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:106882 BioGRID:107305 CAV1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106882 BioGRID:116290 CIT    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106882 BioGRID:124219 LNX1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106882 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:106882 BioGRID:113269 VHL    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
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    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Potential readthrough

    Included gene: PPM1J

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystemAxon guidance / axon pathfinding is the process by which neurons send out axons to reach the correct targets. Growing axons have a highly motile structure at the growing tip called the growth cone, w...
    • Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
    • G alpha (12/13) signalling events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      G alpha (12/13) signalling events, organism-specific biosystemThe G12/13 family is probably the least well characterized subtype, partly because G12/13 coupling is difficult to determine when compared with the other subtypes which predominantly rely on assay te...
    • GPCR downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GPCR downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are classically defined as the receptor, G-protein and downstream effectors, the alpha subunit of the G-protein being the primary signaling molecule. However, it h...
    • Rho GTPase cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Rho GTPase cycle, organism-specific biosystemThe cycling of Rho GTPases is tightly controlled by three classes of protein. These are (1) guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors or GDIs, which maintain Rho proteins in an inactive state in the...
    • Sema4D in semaphorin signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Sema4D in semaphorin signaling, organism-specific biosystemSemaphorin 4D (Sema 4D/CD100) is an axon guidance molecule with two disulfide-linked 150-kDa subunits. SEMA4D is structurally defined by a conserved 500-amino acid extracellular domain with 16 cyste...
    • Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse, organism-specific biosystemSema4D-mediated attraction of endothelial cells requires Rho, but not R-Ras, signaling. Sema4D-mediated plexinB1 activation activates Rho and its downstream effector ROCK. ROCK then phosphorylates ML...
    • Semaphorin interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Semaphorin interactions, organism-specific biosystemSemaphorins are a large family of cell surface and secreted guidance molecules divided into eight classes on the basis of their structures. They all have an N-terminal conserved sema domain. Semaphor...
    • Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
    • Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven transmembrane domain receptors; heptahelical receptors; G protein-linked receptors [GPLR]) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors i...
    • Signaling by Rho GTPases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by Rho GTPases, organism-specific biosystemThe Rho family of small guanine nucleotide binding proteins is one of five generally recognized branches of the Ras superfamily. Like most Ras superfamily members, typical Rho proteins function as bi...
    • Signaling events mediated by PRL, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Signaling events mediated by PRL, organism-specific biosystem
      Signaling events mediated by PRL

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    GTP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    GTPase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    nucleotide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		  
    protein domain specific binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    signal transducer activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    GTP catabolic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    apical junction assembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    axon guidance TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    cell cycle cytokinesis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage-gated calcium channel activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of neuron differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    neuron projection morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of actin filament polymerization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of cell adhesion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of cell growth IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of cell migration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of neuron apoptosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of translation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of vasoconstriction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of dendrite development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    response to amino acid stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to drug IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to ethanol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to glucocorticoid stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to glucose stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to hypoxia IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to mechanical stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    signal transduction IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    small GTPase mediated signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    axon IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cleavage furrow IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    intracellular IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    membrane fraction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    nucleus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    soluble fraction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
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    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC
    Names
    rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC
    rhoC GTPase
    oncogene RHO H9
    rho cDNA clone 9
    RAS-related homolog 9
    small GTP binding protein RhoC
    ras homolog gene family, member C
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    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001042678.1 → NP_001036143.1  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC052808, CB851337, CX872299
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS854.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P08134
      Related
      ENSP00000358656, OTTHUMP00000013676, ENST00000369642, OTTHUMT00000032905
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd01870
      Location:5 – 179
      Blast Score: 991
      RhoA_like; Ras homology family A (RhoA)-like includes RhoA, RhoB and RhoC

    2. NM_001042679.1 → NP_001036144.1  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC009177, BQ231012, CB851337, CN289691
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS854.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P08134
      Related
      ENSP00000358647, ENST00000369633
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd01870
      Location:5 – 179
      Blast Score: 991
      RhoA_like; Ras homology family A (RhoA)-like includes RhoA, RhoB and RhoC

    3. NM_175744.4 → NP_786886.1  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC009177, CB851337, CX872299
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS854.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P08134
      Related
      ENSP00000345236, OTTHUMP00000013675, ENST00000339083, OTTHUMT00000032903
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd01870
      Location:5 – 179
      Blast Score: 991
      RhoA_like; Ras homology family A (RhoA)-like includes RhoA, RhoB and RhoC

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.10 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      113243749..113250025, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000133.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      111102116..111108421, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AL603832.28 CAI14057.1
      CAI14058.1
      CAI14059.1
      CAI14060.1
      CAI14061.1
    genomic CH471122.1 EAW56534.1
      EAW56535.1
      EAW56536.1
      EAW56539.1
    genomic CS026595.1 CAI61764.1
    mRNA AF085893.1 None
    mRNA AF498972.1 AAM21119.1
    mRNA AK094474.1 BAG52873.1
    mRNA BC007245.1 AAH07245.1
    mRNA BC009177.2 AAH09177.1
    mRNA BC052808.1 AAH52808.1
    mRNA BQ231012.1 None
    mRNA BT019448.1 AAV38255.1
    mRNA BX648784.1 None
    mRNA CA307508.1 None
    mRNA CB851337.1 None
    mRNA CN289691.1 None
    mRNA CR450360.1 CAG29356.1
    mRNA CX872299.1 None
    mRNA L25081.1 AAC33179.1
    mRNA X06821.1 CAA29969.1
    other-genetic DQ893171.2 ABM84097.1
    other-genetic DQ896470.2 ABM87469.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P08134.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P08134
    Q5JR06 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5JR06
    Q5JR07 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5JR07
    Q5JR08 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5JR08
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    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Medical
    Molecular Biology Databases
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