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kst karst [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 38418, updated on 4-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
kstprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
karstprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0004167
Locus tag
Dmel_CG12008
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0004167
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
beta-Spectrin; betaH; betah-Spec; betaH-Spec; betaH-spectrin; betaHS; betaHSpec; beta[[heavy]]-Spec; beta[[heavy]]-Spectrin; beta[[heavy]]spectrin; beta[[Heavy]]spectrin; beta[[H]]; beta[[H]]-Sp; beta[[H]]-spec; beta[[H]]-Spec; beta[[H]]-SPEC; beta[[H]]-Spectrin; beta[[H]]spectrin; CG12008; Dmel\CG12008; Karst; Kst; l(3)01318; Spec-beta[[H]]
Summary
Enables actin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. Involved in endocytosis and endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway. Located in apical plasma membrane. Colocalizes with actin filament bundle. Is expressed in several structures, including epithelium; germline cell; gut section; retina; and visceral muscle primordium. Orthologous to human SPTBN5 (spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 5). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
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Genomic context

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Location:
63D2-63D2; 3-8 cM
Exon count:
18
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3L NT_037436.4 (3336860..3368133)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3L NT_037436.3 (3336860..3368133)

Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Drosomycin-like 1 Neighboring gene Drosomycin-like 6 Neighboring gene YTH domain containing 1 Neighboring gene Drosomycin

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Good eggs and bad eggs. . Curr Biol, 2000 Feb 24. PMID 10704421
  2. Competition between myosin II and β(H)-spectrin regulates cytoskeletal tension. Ibar C, et al. Elife, 2023 Jun 27. PMID 37367948, Free PMC Article
  3. Spectrin-based skeleton as an actor in cell signaling. Machnicka B, et al. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2012 Jan. PMID 21877118, Free PMC Article
  4. Spectrin tetramer formation is not required for viable development in Drosophila. Khanna MR, et al. J Biol Chem, 2015 Jan 9. PMID 25381248, Free PMC Article
  5. Dynamic rearrangement of the spectrin membrane skeleton during the generation of epithelial polarity in Drosophila. Thomas CM, et al. J Cell Sci, 1999 Sep. PMID 10444379

See all (166) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Competition between myosin II and betaH-spectrin regulates cytoskeletal tension.
    Title: Competition between myosin II and β(H)-spectrin regulates cytoskeletal tension.
  2. Spectrin exhibits a mechanosensitive accumulation in response to shear deformation, and is highly elevated at the fusogenic synapse during myoblast fusion.
    Title: Spectrin is a mechanoresponsive protein shaping fusogenic synapse architecture during myoblast fusion.
  3. Our data provide the first rigorous test for the general requirement for tetramer-based non-erythroid spectrin networks throughout an organism and find that they have very limited roles, in direct contrast to the current paradigm
    Title: Spectrin tetramer formation is not required for viable development in Drosophila.
  4. Cytoplasmic capes are nuclear envelope intrusions that are enriched in endosomal proteins and depend upon betaH-spectrin and Annexin B9.
    Title: Cytoplasmic capes are nuclear envelope intrusions that are enriched in endosomal proteins and depend upon βH-spectrin and Annexin B9.
  5. Apical proteins including beta(H) are negatively regulated by Rac1 activation.
    Title: Rac1 modulation of the apical domain is negatively regulated by β (Heavy)-spectrin.
  6. A novel relationship is described between the Crumbs partner beta(Heavy)-spectrin (beta(H)), the zona adherens and Roughest.
    Title: The cell adhesion molecule Roughest depends on beta(Heavy)-spectrin during eye morphogenesis in Drosophila.
  7. Crumbs interacts with moesin and beta(Heavy)-spectrin in the apical membrane skeleton of Drosophila.
    Title: Crumbs interacts with moesin and beta(Heavy)-spectrin in the apical membrane skeleton of Drosophila.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables actin binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables actin filament binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables microtubule binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables phospholipid binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in endocytosis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in plasma membrane organization TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in wound healing HMP PubMed 
involved_in zonula adherens assembly TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
colocalizes_with actin filament bundle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in apical plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in apicolateral plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cell junction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in cell projection IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in cortical actin cytoskeleton IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane HDA PubMed 
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
karst
Names
CG12008-PA
CG12008-PB
CG12008-PC
CG12008-PE
CG12008-PF
CG12008-PG
CG12008-PH
Spectrin-beta[[H]]
b[Heavy]-spectrin
beta-H spectrin
beta-heavy spectrin
beta-heavy-spectrin
betaH-Spectrin
betaHeavy--spectrin
betaHeavy-Spectrin
beta[[(HEAVY)]]-spectrin
beta[[H]] spectrin
beta[[H]]-spectrin
beta[[Heavy]]-spectrin
kst-PA
kst-PB
kst-PC
kst-PE
kst-PF
kst-PG
kst-PH
spectrin
spectrin beta-heavy chain

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    3336860..3368133
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001202112.2 → NP_001189041.1  karst, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001189041.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    O44084, Q9VZQ3
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    smart00326
    Location:834 → 884
    SH3; Src homology 3 domains
    cd00014
    Location:146 → 252
    CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...
    cd00176
    Location:2991 → 3200
    SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...
    cd10571
    Location:3750 → 3853
    PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00169
    Location:3748 → 3851
    PH; PH domain

  2. NM_001274439.1 → NP_001261368.1  karst, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261368.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q7KV70
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    smart00326
    Location:834 → 884
    SH3; Src homology 3 domains
    cd00014
    Location:146 → 252
    CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...
    cd00176
    Location:2991 → 3200
    SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...
    cd10571
    Location:3750 → 3853
    PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00169
    Location:3748 → 3851
    PH; PH domain

  3. NM_206265.3 → NP_995987.1  karst, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995987.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q7KV70
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    smart00326
    Location:834 → 884
    SH3; Src homology 3 domains
    cd00014
    Location:146 → 252
    CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...
    cd00176
    Location:2991 → 3200
    SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...
    cd10571
    Location:3750 → 3853
    PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00169
    Location:3748 → 3851
    PH; PH domain

  4. NM_206266.3 → NP_995988.1  karst, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995988.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q7KV69
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    smart00326
    Location:834 → 884
    SH3; Src homology 3 domains
    cd00014
    Location:146 → 252
    CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...
    cd00176
    Location:2991 → 3200
    SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...
    cd10571
    Location:3750 → 3853
    PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00169
    Location:3748 → 3851
    PH; PH domain

  5. NM_079176.3 → NP_523900.1  karst, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523900.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    O44084, Q9VZQ3
    Related
    FBpp0072934
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    smart00326
    Location:834 → 884
    SH3; Src homology 3 domains
    cd00014
    Location:146 → 252
    CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...
    cd00176
    Location:2991 → 3200
    SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...
    cd10571
    Location:3750 → 3853
    PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00169
    Location:3748 → 3851
    PH; PH domain

  6. NM_001104022.3 → NP_001097492.2  karst, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001097492.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8JNJ6
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    smart00326
    Location:885 → 935
    SH3; Src homology 3 domains
    cd00014
    Location:197 → 303
    CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...
    cd00176
    Location:3042 → 3251
    SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...
    cd10571
    Location:3801 → 3904
    PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00169
    Location:3799 → 3902
    PH; PH domain

  7. NM_001274438.1 → NP_001261367.1  karst, isoform G [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261367.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M9PBL6
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    smart00326
    Location:885 → 935
    SH3; Src homology 3 domains
    cd00014
    Location:197 → 303
    CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...
    cd00176
    Location:3042 → 3251
    SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...
    cd10571
    Location:3801 → 3904
    PH_beta_spectrin; Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00169
    Location:3799 → 3902
    PH; PH domain
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
A8JNJ6 A8JNJ6
M9PBL6 M9PBL6
Q23980 Q23980
Q7KQ57 Q7KQ57
Q7KV69 Q7KV69
Q7KV70 Q7KV70
Q8MRH2 Q8MRH2
Q99140 Q99140
Q9VZQ3 Q9VZQ3

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