IL15 interleukin 15 [Homo sapiens] - Gene

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Summary

Official Symbol: IL15provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: interleukin 15provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:5977
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000164136; HPRD:02776; MIM:600554; Vega:OTTHUMG00000133418
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: IL-15; MGC9721
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. This cytokine and interleukine 2 share many biological activities. They are found to bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits, and may compete for the same receptor, and thus negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory cells is shown to be controlled by a balance between this cytokine and IL2. This cytokine induces the activation of JAK kinases, as well as the phosphorylation and activation of transcription activators STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that this cytokine may increase the expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL-x(L), possibly through the transcription activation activity of STAT6, and thus prevent apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

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Genomic context

Location :: 4q31

Sequence :: Chromosome: 4; NC_000004.11 (142557749..142655140)

See IL15 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

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Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Genomic Sequence

Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

Go to reference sequence details

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Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

Patients with early arthritis displaying high baseline serum IL-15 suffered a more severe disease and received more intensive treatment.
Title: Interleukin 15 levels in serum may predict a severe disease course in patients with early arthritis.
enhancement of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cell lines as well as against primary acute myeloid and defined lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Title: The cytotoxic potential of interleukin-15-stimulated cytokine-induced killer cells against leukemia cells.
cooperation between IL-15 and CD40L reinforces the importance of tumor microenvironment and unravels a mechanism of FL growth that should be considered if using IL-15 as a drug in this disease
Title: Monocytes and T cells cooperate to favor normal and follicular lymphoma B-cell growth: role of IL-15 and CD40L signaling.
differs from IL-2 in the effect on the development, activation, and proliferation of NK cells
Title: Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 have different effects on human natural killer lymphocytes.
Bcl-xL overexpression restores natural killer (NK)T cell development in IL-15-deficient mice; overall, IL-15 relays specific, Bcl-xL-dependent survival signals during NKT cell ontogeny.
Title: IL-15 regulates homeostasis and terminal maturation of NKT cells.
Expression IL-7 and IL-15 genes in prostate tissues and corresponding serum titres are significantly increased in patients with early stage prostate cancer as compared with patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Title: Elevated levels of circulating IL-7 and IL-15 in patients with early stage prostate cancer.
This study directly examines proximal signaling by transgenic IL-2 and IL-15 and CD8-positive T cell primary and memory responses as a consequence of varied CD122-dependent signaling.
Title: The basis of distinctive IL-2- and IL-15-dependent signaling: weak CD122-dependent signaling favors CD8+ T central-memory cell survival but not T effector-memory cell development.
Post-thymic regulation of CD5 levels in human memory T cells is inversely associated with the strength of responsiveness to interleukin-15.
Title: Post-thymic regulation of CD5 levels in human memory T cells is inversely associated with the strength of responsiveness to interleukin-15.
along with dendritic cells induce proliferation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells from peripheral blood
Title: IL-15 and dendritic cells induce proliferation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells from peripheral blood.
Monocytes differentiated with GM-CSF and IL-15 initiate Th17 and Th1 responses that are contact-dependent and mediated by IL-15.
Title: Monocytes differentiated with GM-CSF and IL-15 initiate Th17 and Th1 responses that are contact-dependent and mediated by IL-15.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (193)

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Phenotypes

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Genome-wide interrogation of germline genetic variation associated with treatment response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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HIV-1 protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 modulates expression of the cytokines IL1beta, IL3, IL6, IL10, IL13, IL15, IFNbeta2A, IFNgamma, IFNomega, TNFalpha, VEGF, VEGF B, and LIF in PBMCs and MDMs	PubMed
Nef	nef	Exogenous HIV-1 Nef protein induces the proliferation of unstimulated and suboptimally stimulated normal human PBMC through upregulation of IL-15 synthesis in the monocyte/macrophage population	PubMed
matrix	gag	HIV-1 Matrix upregulates levels of IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 in natural killer cells and induces natural killer cell proliferation	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Matrix is able to reduce MIP-1alpha secretion from IL-15-stimulated monocyte cells	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Matrix slightly enhances TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma secretion induced by IL-15 monocyte stimulation and counteracts IL-4 mediated inhibition of the production of these cytokines	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs
P40933	Q13261	IL15RA	HPRD	PubMed
P40933	P14784	IL2RB	HPRD	PubMed
P40933	P31785	IL2RG	HPRD	PubMed

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytokine activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cytokine receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
NK T cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
aging	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cell-cell signaling	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
cellular response to vitamin D	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
extrathymic T cell selection	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
hyaluronan metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
immune response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
lymph node development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of T cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of inflammatory response	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of tissue remodeling	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
regulation of T cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
regulation of defense response to virus by host	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to nutrient levels	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
skeletal muscle atrophy	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
Golgi apparatus	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
endosome	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
extracellular region	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
integral to plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
membrane fraction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

Preferred Names: interleukin-15

Names: interleukin-15

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NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_029605.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5001..102392

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_000585.4 → NP_000576.1 interleukin-15 isoform 1 preproprotein

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents the shortest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1, also known as 48aa(LSP)-IL15).

Source sequence(s)

AA897685, AC096774, AC118480, BX116580, CX761071

Consensus CDS

CCDS3755.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P40933

Related

ENSP00000323505, OTTHUMP00000164617, ENST00000320650, OTTHUMT00000257279

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam02372
Location:33 – 160
Blast Score: 402

IL15; Interleukin 15
NM_172175.2 → NP_751915.1 interleukin-15 isoform 2 preproprotein

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and contains an alternate exon in the 5' coding region. This variant uses an alternate downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. Isoform 2 (also known as (21aa(SSP)-IL15) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AA897685, AC096774, AK290619, BX116580, CX761071

Consensus CDS

CCDS3756.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P40933

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q6FGX7

Related

ENSP00000422271, OTTHUMP00000218093, ENST00000514653, OTTHUMT00000360354

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam02372
Location:6 – 133
Blast Score: 386

IL15; Interleukin 15

RNA

NR_037840.2 RNA Sequence

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) has an alternate 5' exon, compared to variant 3. This variant is represented as non-coding due to the presence of an upstream ORF that is predicted to interfere with translation of the longest ORF; translation of the upstream ORF renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).

Source sequence(s)

AA897685, AC096774, BC018149, CX761071

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000004.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Range

142557749..142655140

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000136.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

138287515..138384970

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

NM_172174.2: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_172174.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

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Related Sequences

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	AC096774.1	None
genomic	AC118480.3 (55319..106489)	None
genomic	AF176907.1	None
genomic	CH471056.2	EAX05083.1
		EAX05084.1
		EAX05085.1
		EAX05086.1
		EAX05087.1
genomic	CS112464.1	CAJ13397.1
genomic	CS163144.1	CAJ32191.1
genomic	CS401671.1	CAL40354.1
genomic	GM040149.1	CAS97649.1
genomic	HC087890.1	CBI67687.1
genomic	JA143001.1	CCA64045.1
genomic	X91233.1	CAA62616.1
mRNA	AA897685.1	None
mRNA	AF031167.1	AAB97518.1
mRNA	AK122993.1	BAG53839.1
mRNA	AK290619.1	BAF83308.1
mRNA	AY720442.1	AAU21241.1
mRNA	BC018149.2	AAH18149.1
mRNA	BC100961.1	AAI00962.1
mRNA	BC100962.1	AAI00963.1
mRNA	BC100963.1	AAI00964.1
mRNA	BX116580.1	None
mRNA	CA443264.1	None
mRNA	CR541980.1	CAG46777.1
mRNA	CR542007.1	CAG46804.1
mRNA	CX761071.1	None
mRNA	CX785233.1	None
mRNA	U14407.1	AAA21551.1
mRNA	X94222.1	CAA63913.1
mRNA	X94223.1	CAA63914.1
mRNA	Z38000.1	CAA86100.1
other-genetic	DQ890548.2	ABM92165.1
other-genetic	DQ893709.2	ABM84635.1
other-genetic	DQ893710.2	ABM84636.1