Display Settings:

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination
We are sorry, but NCBI web applications do not support your browser and may not function properly. More information

    IL12A interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35) [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3592, updated on 14-May-2013
    Official Symbol
    IL12Aprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35)provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:5969
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000168811; HPRD:01193; MIM:161560; Vega:OTTHUMG00000158942
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    P35; CLMF; NFSK; NKSF1; IL-12A
    Summary
    This gene encodes a subunit of a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. The cytokine is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 35-kD subunit encoded by this gene, and a 40-kD subunit that is a member of the cytokine receptor family. This cytokine is required for the T-cell-independent induction of interferon (IFN)-gamma, and is important for the differentiation of both Th1 and Th2 cells. The responses of lymphocytes to this cytokine are mediated by the activator of transcription protein STAT4. Nitric oxide synthase 2A (NOS2A/NOS2) is found to be required for the signaling process of this cytokine in innate immunity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Location :
    3q25.33
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 3; NC_000003.11 (159706623..159713806)
    See IL12A in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene IQCJ-SCHIP1 readthrough Neighboring gene schwannomin interacting protein 1 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 19 Neighboring gene chromosome 9 open reading frame 78 pseudogene Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC730109 Neighboring gene bromodomain containing 7 pseudogene 2

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Env, gp160, envelope glycoprotein env Chimeric HIV-1 gp140 - CD40L trimers can target and activate dendritic cells to release IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 PubMed
    env IL-7 and IL-12 significantly augment proliferative responses to HIV-1 gp160 PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 inhibits early and late production of interleukin (IL)-12 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) PubMed
    env Secretion of IL-12 is found in macrophages primed with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and subsequently treated with gp120 PubMed
    env Apoptosis of CD4+ lymphocytes induced by HIV-1 gp120 cross-linking to CD4 is inhibited by IL-12 PubMed
    env HIV-gp120 induces a significant IL-10 synthesis, which in turn inhibits IL-12 subunits mRNA accumulation and protein secretion after Staphylococcus aureus strain cowan I (SAC)-activation PubMed
    Nef, p27 nef IL-12 and GM-CSF increase the magnitude of the specific immune response with higher breadth by targeting HIV-1 Nef peptides (amino acids 9-23, 11-26, 140-155, 179-193, and 181-195) PubMed
    nef IL-1beta, IL-12, and IL-15 are factors involved in the upregulation of IFN-gamma expression in coculture between Nef-pulsed iDCs and NK cells PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef upregulates IL-12 release in immature human and macaque dendritic cells PubMed
    Tat, p14 tat Wild-type Tat but not Cys-22 and oxidized Tat induces CD1A-expressing monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) maturation and increases the production of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-12, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates IL-12 expression in Jurkat T-cells, Raji B-cells, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates IL-12 production by human dendritic cells by blocking extracellular calcium influx PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) PubMed
    Vpr, p15 vpr The C-terminal domain or the R90 residue of HIV-1 Vpr are important for Vpr-mediated IL-12 degradation via ubiquitin-dependent pathway PubMed
    vpr HIV-1 Vpr impairs NK cell function through cytokine dysregulation, including diminshed expression of CD107a, reduced production of IFN-gamma, differential regulation of IL-12 and TGF-beta, and activation of the Smad3 signalling pathway PubMed
    vpr HIV-1 Vpr downregulates the production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) in dendritic cells PubMed
    vpr HIV-1 Vpr suppresses expression and secretion of IL-12 subunit p35 and IL-12 holo-protein, but not IL-12 subunit p40 PubMed
    matrix gag HIV-1 Matrix upregulates levels of IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 in natural killer cells and induces natural killer cell proliferation PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_000873.2 NP_000873.2 IL12A    BIND  PubMed p35 interacts with p35 to form a homodimer. 
    P29459 P10747 CD28    HPRD  PubMed  
    P29459 Q14213 EBI3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P29459 P29459 IL12A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P29459 P29460 IL12B    HPRD  PubMed  
    P29459 P10145 IL8    HPRD  PubMed  
    P29459 Q92558 WASF1    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:109806 BioGRID:109807 IL12B    BioGRID  PubMed Co-crystal Structure 
    • African trypanosomiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      African trypanosomiasis, organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brai...
    • African trypanosomiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      African trypanosomiasis, conserved biosystemTrypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brai...
    • Allograft rejection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Allograft rejection, organism-specific biosystemAllograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of anti...
    • Allograft rejection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Allograft rejection, conserved biosystemAllograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of anti...
    • Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Amoebiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, conserved biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL12-mediated signaling events
    • IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL27-mediated signaling events
    • Influenza A, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Influenza A, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, conserved biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Legionellosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, conserved biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • Malaria, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Malaria, organism-specific biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
    • Malaria, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Malaria, conserved biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
    • Measles, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, organism-specific biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Measles, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, conserved biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Pertussis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pertussis, organism-specific biosystemPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Bordetella Pertussis. The characteristic symptoms are paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whe...
    • Pertussis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pertussis, conserved biosystemPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Bordetella Pertussis. The characteristic symptoms are paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whe...
    • RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
    • RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
    • Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
    • Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Type I diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type I diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystemType I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-pre...
    • Type I diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type I diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystemType I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-pre...

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    contributes_to cytokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    contributes_to cytokine activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    contributes_to growth factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    contributes_to growth factor activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    interleukin-12 beta subunit binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    interleukin-12 receptor binding NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    interleukin-27 binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    protein heterodimerization activity IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    cell cycle arrest IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    cell migration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    defense response to Gram-positive bacterium IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    defense response to protozoan IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    negative regulation of interleukin-17 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of NK T cell activation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of T cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    positive regulation of cell adhesion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of interferon-gamma production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of natural killer cell activation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    response to UV-B IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    response to lipopolysaccharide IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    response to virus IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    interleukin-12 complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    interleukin-12 complex NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Preferred Names
    interleukin-12 subunit alpha
    Names
    interleukin-12 subunit alpha
    CLMF p35
    IL35 subunit
    IL-12 subunit p35
    IL-12, subunit p35
    interleukin 12, p35
    interleukin-12 alpha chain
    NF cell stimulatory factor chain 1
    NK cell stimulatory factor chain 1
    cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35
    cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 35 kDa subunit
    natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, 35 kD subunit

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_033022.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..12184
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000882.3NP_000873.2  interleukin-12 subunit alpha precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC010370, AW472810, BC104982, M65291
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3187.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      O60595
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P29459
      Related
      ENSP00000303231, OTTHUMP00000213703, ENST00000305579, OTTHUMT00000352602
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam03039
      Location:35253
      Blast Score: 858
      IL12; Interleukin-12 alpha subunit

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.11 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      159706623..159713806
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000135.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      157102994..157110193
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018914.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      159687417..159694599
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

      Supplemental Content

      Recent activity

      Your browsing activity is empty.

      Activity recording is turned off.

      Turn recording back on

      See more...