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    IL6 interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 3569, updated on 20-May-2012
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    Summary

    Official Symbol
    IL6provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:6018
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000136244; HPRD:00970; MIM:147620; Vega:OTTHUMG00000023178
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    HGF; HSF; BSF2; IL-6; IFNB2
    Summary
    This gene encodes a cytokine that functions in inflammation and the maturation of B cells. In addition, the encoded protein has been shown to be an endogenous pyrogen capable of inducing fever in people with autoimmune diseases or infections. The protein is primarily produced at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, where it is secreted into the serum and induces a transcriptional inflammatory response through interleukin 6 receptor, alpha. The functioning of this gene is implicated in a wide variety of inflammation-associated disease states, including suspectibility to diabetes mellitus and systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]
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    Genomic context

    Location :
    7p21
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 7; NC_000007.13 (22766766..22771621)
    See IL6 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.13Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 6 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100506178 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC541472 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 32 Neighboring gene translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 7 homolog (yeast)

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    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
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    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Therapeutic blockade of interleukin-6 in chronic inflammatory disease. Yamamoto K, et al. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2012 Apr. PMID 22434029.
    2. Study of the role of interleukin-6 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein in diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients. Shelbaya S, et al. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2012 Feb. PMID 22428468.
    3. Castleman's disease and arterial thrombosis: result of excessively elevated interleukin-6 plasma level? Schumacher A, et al. Vasa, 2012 Mar. PMID 22403134.
    4. Could age modify the effect of genetic variants in IL6 and TNF-α genes in multiple myeloma? Martino A, et al. Leuk Res, 2012 May. PMID 22387051.
    5. Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and interleukin-6 expression in cocultures of corneal fibroblasts and neural cells. Ko JA, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2012 Mar 16. PMID 22369948.

    See all (2409) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. IL-6 levels could be used to differentiate dementia from normal aging
      Title: Role of interleukin 6 and alpha-globulins in differentiating Alzheimer and vascular dementias.
    2. a significant age-modified effect of IL6 and TNF-alpha SNPs, on multiple myeloma risk and therapy outcome.
      Title: Could age modify the effect of genetic variants in IL6 and TNF-α genes in multiple myeloma?
    3. Normal human, skin-derived mast cells (MC) communicate with cutaneous tumor cells. MC released TNF-alpha and histamine increase IL-8 and IL-6 secretion from these tumor cells.
      Title: Mast cell-derived TNF-α and histamine modify IL-6 and IL-8 expression and release from cutaneous tumor cells.
    4. The present study suggests that IL-6 blood levels may be a marker of human papilloma virus DNA persistence.
      Title: Association of interleukin-6 in women with persistence of DNA-HPV: a nested case-control study.
    5. Studies indicate that continuous IL-6 production plays a significant pathological role in various autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.
      Title: Immunotherapeutic implication of IL-6 blockade.
    6. This study aimed at establishing and clarifying the effect of cord serum insulin, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, cortisol and IL-6 concentrations on birth length and weight.
      Title: Effects of cord serum insulin, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, IL-6 and cortisol concentrations on human birth weight and length: pilot study.
    7. IL-6 Chronic inflmmatory disease
      Title: Therapeutic blockade of interleukin-6 in chronic inflammatory disease.
    8. the expression of both MMP-1 and IL- 6 was up-regulated in cocultures of corneal fibroblasts and PC12 cells compared with that in cultures of corneal fibroblasts alone.
      Title: Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and interleukin-6 expression in cocultures of corneal fibroblasts and neural cells.
    9. No evidence for an association between the IL6 -174G>C polymorphism and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
      Title: Interleukin 6-174G>C polymorphism and risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: case-control study and meta-analysis.
    10. TWEAK inhibited IL-6 production from total synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis .
      Title: Inhibition of TNF-induced IL-6 by the TWEAK-Fn14 interaction in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast like synoviocytes.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (1650)
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    Phenotypes

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Crohn disease-associated growth failure

    Diabetes, susceptibility to}, 222100

    Genome-wide association scan for survival on dialysis in african-americans with type 2 diabetes.

    Genome-wide association study for C-reactive protein levels identified pleiotropic associations in the IL6 locus.

    Intracranial hemorrhage in brain cerebrovascular malformations, susceptibility to

    Kaposi sarcoma, susceptibility to

    Osteopenia/osteoporosis

    Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile

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    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Cytokines induced in vitro by HIV-1 gp120 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) include interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 activates human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) via CD4 in upregulating ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, IL-6 secretion and increased monocyte transmigration across monolayers PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 stimulates monocytes to release TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, and this effect can be blocked with soluble CD4 PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env HIV-1 gp160 induces interleukin-6 production in CD4+ T cells PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env HIV-1 gp41 induces significant IL-6 production by human monocytic cells; IL-10 inhibits gp41-induced IL-6 production and reduces the expression of IL-6 mRNA PubMed
    env PWM, LPS, IFN-gamma and IL-6 can increase HIV-1 gp41 binding to human B cells PubMed
    Nef nef Intracisternal HIV-1 Nef injection upregulates levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in rat cerebrospinal fluid PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef expression by immature human and macaque dendritic cells (DCs) upregulates IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, CXCL8, CCL3, and CCL4 release, but without upregulating co-stimulatory and other molecules characteristic of mature DCs PubMed
    nef Treatment of human PBMC and PBL with soluble HIV-1 Nef upregulates IL-6 production PubMed
    nef The expression of HIV-1 Nef in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) induces a significant increase in the concentration of IL-6 PubMed
    Tat tat Hydroxyurea and IL-6 synergistically enhance HIV-1 Tat activation of HIV-1 LTR-driven transcription via the Sp1 binding site PubMed
    tat Ectopic expression of HIV-1 Tat induces the production of human IL-6 (huIL-6) and its receptor (huIL-6Ra) and activates STAT3 signaling; these effects are involved in Tat-mediated activation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) replication PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates IL-6 expression in monocytes, astrocytes, microglial cells, human brain endothelial cells, THP-1 and Jurkat T-cells, MC3 B-cells, HeLa, and cells from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat protein upregulates expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human breast cancer cells by an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway PubMed
    tat Astrocyte cultures treated with morphine and HIV-1 Tat show exaggerated increases in chemokine release, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), RANTES, and IL-6 PubMed
    tat IL-6 and IL-6 receptor are upregulated in human epithelial cells by HIV-1 Tat treatment PubMed
    tat Treatment of T lymphocytes with IL-2, IL-6 and TNFalpha increases CDK9 and cyclin T1 protein levels, suggesting a mechanism for activation of HIV-1 Tat function and reactivation of HIV-1 in CD4+ T lymphocytes harboring a latent provirus PubMed
    tat Upregulation of IL-6 by HIV-1 Tat in human brain endothelial cells is mediated through activation of protein kinase C (PK-C) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PK-A) PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates IL-6 expression by transactivating the IL-6 promoter, an effect mediated through enhancement of CAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP; nuclear factor-IL-6) DNA binding activity PubMed
    Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr upregulates IL-6 expression in primary macrophages and in A549 cells PubMed
    matrix gag HIV-1 Matrix upregulates IL-6 production in placental mononuclear cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

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    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_000591.1 NP_000556.1 IL6R    BIND  PubMed IL6 interacts with IL6R (IL-6R-alpha) 
    P05231 P08887 IL6R    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05231 P40189 IL6ST    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05231 P12272 PTHLH    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05231 Q99962 SH3GL2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05231 Q05516 ZBTB16    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:109783 BioGRID:109784 IL6R    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109783 BioGRID:112353 SH3GL2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
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    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • ATF-2 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      ATF-2 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
      ATF-2 transcription factor network
    • Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThe different classess of factors involved in adipogenesis are shown. Adipogenesis is the process by which fat cells differentiate from predadipocytes to adipocytes (fat cells). Adipose tissue, compo...
    • African trypanosomiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      African trypanosomiasis, organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brai...
    • African trypanosomiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      African trypanosomiasis, conserved biosystemTrypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brai...
    • Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Amoebiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, conserved biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe androgen receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand activated transcription factors. These receptors bind to steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, retinoids and vitamin D among ot...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystemInflammation is a protective response to infection by the immune system that requires communication between different classes of immune cells to coordinate their actions. Acute inflammation is an imp...
    • Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified s...
    • Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified s...
    • Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network, organism-specific biosystem
      Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network
    • Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystemGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells....
    • Graft-versus-host disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Graft-versus-host disease, conserved biosystemGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells....
    • HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • Hematopoietic cell lineage, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hematopoietic cell lineage, organism-specific biosystemBlood-cell development progresses from a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), which can undergo either self-renewal or differentiation into a multilineage committed progenitor cell: a common lymphoid proge...
    • Hematopoietic cell lineage, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hematopoietic cell lineage, conserved biosystemBlood-cell development progresses from a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), which can undergo either self-renewal or differentiation into a multilineage committed progenitor cell: a common lymphoid proge...
    • Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystemHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological feat...
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), conserved biosystemHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological feat...
    • IL-6 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-6 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-6 belongs to a family of cytokines which includes IL-11, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotropin-1, cardiotrophin-like cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Oncostatin M...
    • IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL23-mediated signaling events
    • IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL27-mediated signaling events
    • IL6-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL6-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL6-mediated signaling events
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Influenza A, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Influenza A, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, conserved biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Interleukin-6 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interleukin-6 signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with roles in processes including immune regulation, hematopoiesis, inflammation, oncogenesis, metabolic control and sleep. It is the founding member o...
    • Intestinal immune network for IgA production, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Intestinal immune network for IgA production, organism-specific biosystemThe intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies tha...
    • Intestinal immune network for IgA production, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Intestinal immune network for IgA production, conserved biosystemThe intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies tha...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • LPA receptor mediated events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      LPA receptor mediated events, organism-specific biosystem
      LPA receptor mediated events
    • Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Legionellosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, conserved biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Malaria, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Malaria, organism-specific biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
    • Malaria, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Malaria, conserved biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
    • Measles, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, organism-specific biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Measles, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, conserved biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway illustrates signaling networks implicated in uterine muscle contraction at labor and quiescence throughout gestation (pregnancy). The muscle of the uterus, responsible for contractile ac...
    • NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
    • NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
    • Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
      Pathways in cancer
    • Pertussis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pertussis, organism-specific biosystemPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Bordetella Pertussis. The characteristic symptoms are paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whe...
    • Pertussis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pertussis, conserved biosystemPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Bordetella Pertussis. The characteristic symptoms are paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whe...
    • Prion diseases, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Prion diseases, organism-specific biosystemPrion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a number of other animal species. The etiology of ...
    • Prion diseases, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Prion diseases, conserved biosystemPrion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a number of other animal species. The etiology of ...
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • SIDS Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      SIDS Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystemIn this model, we provide an integrated view of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at the level of implicated tissues, signaling networks and genetics. The purpose of this model is to serve as an ov...
    • Salmonella infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Salmonella infection, organism-specific biosystemSalmonella infection usually presents as a self-limiting gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever and bacteremia. The common disease-causing Salmonella species in human is a single species, S...
    • Salmonella infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Salmonella infection, conserved biosystemSalmonella infection usually presents as a self-limiting gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever and bacteremia. The common disease-causing Salmonella species in human is a single species, S...
    • Selenium Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Selenium Pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Selenium Pathway
    • Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystemSenescense and Autophagy Pathways in Cancer
    • Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystemInterleukins are low molecular weight proteins that bind to cell surface receptors and act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. They were first identified as factors produced by leukocytes but a...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
      Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
    • Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, conserved biosystem
      Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
    • Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Validated transcriptional targets of AP1 family members Fra1 and Fra2, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Validated transcriptional targets of AP1 family members Fra1 and Fra2, organism-specific biosystem
      Validated transcriptional targets of AP1 family members Fra1 and Fra2
    • amb2 Integrin signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      amb2 Integrin signaling, organism-specific biosystem
      amb2 Integrin signaling

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    cytokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cytokine activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    growth factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    interleukin-6 receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    contributes_to interleukin-6 receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    interleukin-6 receptor binding NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    T cell activation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acute-phase response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    aging IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    bone remodeling IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cell growth IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cell redox homeostasis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cellular response to hydrogen peroxide IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cytokine-mediated signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    defense response to Gram-negative bacterium IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    defense response to Gram-positive bacterium IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    defense response to protozoan IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    defense response to virus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    endocrine pancreas development ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    glucagon secretion ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    hepatic immune response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    hepatic immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    humoral immune response IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    inflammatory response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    monocyte chemotaxis IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    muscle cell homeostasis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of cytokine secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of fat cell differentiation NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of gluconeogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of hormone secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of lipid storage NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of muscle organ development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    neuron projection development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    neuroprotection IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    neutrophil apoptosis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    neutrophil mediated immunity IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    platelet activation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of B cell activation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of DNA replication IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of MAPK cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    NOT positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of T cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of acute inflammatory response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of anti-apoptosis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of cell proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of chemokine production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of chemokine production IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of interleukin-6 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of neuron differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of translation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of angiogenesis IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of cell shape IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    response to amino acid stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to antibiotic IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to bacterium IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to caffeine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to calcium ion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to cold IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to cytokine stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to drug IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to electrical stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to glucocorticoid stimulus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    response to heat IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to insulin stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to lipopolysaccharide IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to mechanical stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to nutrient levels IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to organic cyclic compound IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to peptidoglycan IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    external side of plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    interleukin-6 receptor complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Help top of page

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    interleukin-6
    Names
    interleukin-6
    CDF
    BSF-2
    IFN-beta-2
    interferon beta-2
    interleukin BSF-2
    hybridoma growth factor
    CTL differentiation factor
    B-cell stimulatory factor 2
    B-cell differentiation factor
    Help top of page

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_011640.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..9856
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000600.3 → NP_000591.1  interleukin-6 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AA721478, AK301141, BC015511
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS5375.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DVM1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P05231
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q75MH2
      Related
      ENSP00000258743, ENST00000258743
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02473
      Location:57 – 210
      Blast Score: 595
      IL6; Interleukin-6/G-CSF/MGF family

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000007.13 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      22766766..22771621
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000139.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      22649846..22654701
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CRA_TCAGchr7v2

    Genomic

    1. AC_000068.1 Alternate CRA_TCAGchr7v2

      Range
      22817875..22822730
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Help top of page

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC073072.11 AAS07539.1
    genomic AF372214.2 AAK48987.1
    genomic CH236948.1 EAL24265.1
    genomic CH471073.1 EAW93756.1
      EAW93757.1
      EAW93758.1
    genomic CS352987.1 CAL23031.1
    genomic JA104583.1 CCA63961.1
    genomic X04402.1 CAA27990.1
    genomic Y00081.1 CAA68278.1
    mRNA AA721478.1 None
    mRNA AK298013.1 BAG60317.1
    mRNA AK298077.1 BAG60365.1
    mRNA AK301141.1 BAG62733.1
    mRNA BC015511.1 AAH15511.1
    mRNA BT019748.1 AAV38553.1
    mRNA BT019749.1 AAV38554.1
    mRNA CR450296.1 CAG29292.1
    mRNA M14584.1 AAA52728.1
    mRNA M18403.1 AAA52729.1
    mRNA M29150.1 AAA59154.1
    mRNA M54894.1 AAC41704.1
    mRNA S56892.1 AAD13886.1
    mRNA X04403.1 CAA27991.1
    mRNA X04430.1 CAA28026.1
    mRNA X04602.1 CAA28268.1
    mRNA A09363.1 CAA00839.1
    other-genetic DQ891463.2 ABM82389.1
    other-genetic DQ894639.2 ABM85565.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P05231.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P05231
    Q75MH2 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q75MH2
    Q8N6X1 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q8N6X1
    Help top of page

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Medical
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous

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