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    IL2 interleukin 2 [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 3558, updated on 20-May-2012
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    Summary

    Official Symbol
    IL2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interleukin 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:6001
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000109471; HPRD:00979; MIM:147680; Vega:OTTHUMG00000133075
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IL-2; TCGF; lymphokine
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
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    Genomic context

    Location :
    4q26-q27
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 4; NC_000004.11 (123372625..123377650, complement)
    See IL2 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene KIAA1109 Neighboring gene adenosine deaminase domain containing 1 (testis-specific) Neighboring gene interleukin 21 Neighboring gene centrin EF-hand protein 4, pseudogene

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    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
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    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. IL-2 upregulates CD86 expression on human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Paine A, et al. J Immunol, 2012 Feb 15. PMID 22246628.
    2. Functional heterogeneity of human effector CD8+ T cells. Takata H, et al. Blood, 2012 Feb 9. PMID 22174157.
    3. Serum levels of interleukin-12 in various clinical states with hepatitis B virus infection. He D, et al. Cell Immunol, 2012. PMID 22112982.
    4. Genome-wide analysis of extended pedigrees confirms IL2-IL21 linkage and shows additional regions of interest potentially influencing coeliac disease risk. Einarsdottir E, et al. Tissue Antigens, 2011 Dec. PMID 22077623.
    5. Expression of interleukin-2 in Candidal balanoposthitis and its clinical significance. Chen J, et al. Chin Med J (Engl), 2011 Sep. PMID 22040441.

    See all (541) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-2 is associated with ulcerative colitis.
      Title: Haplotype-based analysis of ulcerative colitis risk loci identifies both IL2 and IL21 as susceptibility genes in Han Chinese.
    2. Serum IL-2 concentrations in Candidal balanoposthitis patients were significantly lower than that in the control group
      Title: Expression of interleukin-2 in Candidal balanoposthitis and its clinical significance.
    3. In acute hepatitis B, the highest serum levels of IL-12 was accompanied by HBeAg seroconversion.
      Title: Serum levels of interleukin-12 in various clinical states with hepatitis B virus infection.
    4. A Th17 subtype that constitutively produces very low levels of IL-2 (Th17-DP).
      Title: Persistence of IL-2 expressing Th17 cells in healthy humans and experimental autoimmune uveitis.
    5. iTreg cells - similar to recombinant TGF-beta and nTreg cells - inhibited IL-2-induced activation of NK cells in the absence of target cell contact.
      Title: Human tumor-induced and naturally occurring Treg cells differentially affect NK cells activated by either IL-2 or target cells.
    6. Data show that only CXCR1(-) subset of the the effector CD8+ T cells had IL-2 productivity and self-proliferative activity and was more resistant to cell death than the CXCR1(+) subset.
      Title: Functional heterogeneity of human effector CD8+ T cells.
    7. Data provide direct evidence that CREMalpha mediates silencing of the IL2 gene in SLE T cells though histone deacetylation and CpG-DNA methylation.
      Title: cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM)α protein signaling mediates epigenetic remodeling of the human interleukin-2 gene: implications in systemic lupus erythematosus.
    8. IL-2 upregulates CD86 expression on human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells via a receptor-dependent mechanism that involves the NFAT and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways.
      Title: IL-2 upregulates CD86 expression on human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells.
    9. IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, and IL-2 were elevated in the early-pregnancy mothers whose children developed presistent islet autoantibodies, type 1 diabetes, or both before 7 years of age.
      Title: Early-pregnancy cytokines in mothers to children developing multiple, persistent islet autoantibodies, type 1 diabetes, or both before 7 years of age.
    10. IRF-4 was shown to enhance the c-Rel-dependent binding and activation of the interleukin-4 (IL-4) promoter region. IL-2 production was also enhanced by exogenously-expressed IRF-4 and c-Rel.
      Title: Interferon regulatory factor-4 activates IL-2 and IL-4 promoters in cooperation with c-Rel.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (283)
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    Phenotypes

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    A genome-wide association study for celiac disease identifies risk variants in the region harboring IL2 and IL21.

    Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis find that over 40 loci affect risk of type 1 diabetes.

    Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity.

    Genome-wide association study meta-analysis identifies seven new rheumatoid arthritis risk loci.

    Identification of common variants influencing risk of the tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy.

    Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47.

    Multiple common variants for celiac disease influencing immune gene expression.

    Newly identified genetic risk variants for celiac disease related to the immune response.

    Severe combined immunodeficiency due to IL2 deficiency

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    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 gp120 proteins suppress the ability of NK cells to proliferate in the presence of IL-2 PubMed
    env IL-2-induced activation of JAK/STAT5 in human CD4+ T cells is inhibited by HIV-1 gp120 and anti-CD4 antibodies PubMed
    env In the presence of HIV-1 gp120, stimulation through the CD28 pathway partially restores IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by T cell lines in response to anti-CD3 antibodies PubMed
    env Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies is inhibited by HIV-1 gp120 in T cell lines PubMed
    env Proliferative responses of lymphocytes to cytomegalovirus are inhibited by relatively high concentrations (greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml) of recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and this immunosuppression is completely overcome by IL2 PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 and anti-CD4 antibodies induce a specific, significant decrease in the binding activity of NF-AT, NF-kappa B and AP-1, which leads to an inhibition of IL-2 production and cell proliferation PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 exerts a dose-dependent reduction of IL-2 mRNA expression, IL-2 production, and surface IL-2 receptor expression in CD4+ lymphocytes PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-specific cell mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) is enhanced by IL-2 or the combination of IL-2 and IFN-alpha PubMed
    env Binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 downregulates Bcl-2 protein in CD4+ T lymphocytes and facilitates Fas/Fas-ligand triggered apoptosis; addition of IL-2 rescues CD4+ T cells from CD4/gp120-induced Bcl-2 downmodulation and apoptosis induction PubMed
    env Molecular interactions of CD2 with LFA-3 and CD28 with B7-1 in conjunction with TCR occupancy prevent T cells from programmed apoptosis mediated by binding of CD4 to HIV-1 gp120, resulting in increased levels of IL-2 and IL-4 secretion from the T cells PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env Pretreatment of CD4+ cells with HIV-1 gp160 significantly reduces PHA-induced secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 but augments IL-4 production PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env An HIV-1 gp41 peptide (amino acid residues 581-597) inhibits both protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent interleukin 2 (IL 2) production and the [Ca2+]i influx-dependent but PKC-independent induction of IL 2 receptor expression PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides induce the production of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); in contrast, gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides are able to depress the production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 PubMed
    Nef nef HIV-1 Nef induces the production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma in human T cells PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef inhibits the induction of interleukin 2-directed gene expression PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef can facilitate HIV-1 replication in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo by increasing the numbers of productively infected cells and by increasing the responsiveness to IL-2 stimulation PubMed
    nef Upon TcR triggering with antigens, HIV-1 Nef specifically downregulates IL-2 and interferon-gamma production in human T cells PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef suppresses the IL-2-dependent proliferation of CD4+ cells; this suppression is due to the enhanced production of several lymphokines, including interferon-gamma PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef increases IL-2 secretion when Jurkat and primary human CD4 T cells are stimulated through the T cell receptor and the co-stimulus receptor (CD28); this effect depends on Nef myristoylation PubMed
    Tat tat Treatment of T lymphocytes with IL-2, IL-6 and TNFalpha increases CDK9 and cyclin T1 protein levels, suggesting a mechanism for activation of HIV-1 Tat function and reactivation of HIV-1 in CD4+ T lymphocytes harboring a latent provirus PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates IL-2 expression in T-cells by inhibiting CD26 which interferes with the delivery or amplification of a signal necessary for IL-2 production PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates IL-2 expression in Jurkat T-cells stably transfected with Tat, H9 T-cells, as well as other T-cells, through an effect on the rel/AP1 complex and IL-2 promoter, resulting in functional unresponsiveness in T-cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates IL-2 expression in activated T-cells and Jurkat T-cells through activation of the IL-2 promoter, an effect involving NF-kappa B, NFAT, and cyclic nucleoside phosphodiesterase 4 PubMed
    Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr suppresses expression of IL-2 through suppression of NF-kappa B activity via the induction of I kappa B alpha PubMed
    matrix gag HIV-1 Matrix upregulates levels of IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 in natural killer cells and induces natural killer cell proliferation PubMed
    gag HIV-1 Matrix enhances lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 induced production of interferon gamma and TNF-alpha PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

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    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NM_000586.2 NP_003676.1 KHSRP    BIND  PubMed KSRP interacts with IL-2 3'UTR. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between KSRP from human and IL-2 3'UTR from an unspecified species. 
    NP_000577.2 NP_000408.1 IL2RA    BIND  PubMed IL2 interacts with IL2RA. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between radiolabeled IL2 from an unspecified species and IL2RA from human. 
    NP_000577.2 NP_000869.1 IL2RB    BIND  PubMed IL2 interacts with IL2RB. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between radiolabeled IL2 from an unspecified species and IL2RB from human. 
    P60568 P19397 CD53    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60568 Q01167 FOXK2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60568 Interferon, alpha 1 IFNA1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60568 P60568 IL2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60568 P01589 IL2RA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60568 P14784 IL2RB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60568 P31785 IL2RG    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60568 P08138 NGFR    HPRD  PubMed  
    P60568 P29353 SHC1    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:109773 BioGRID:107976 DGKA    BioGRID  PubMed Co-localization 
    BioGRID:109773 BioGRID:119095 IL21R    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
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    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • Allograft rejection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Allograft rejection, organism-specific biosystemAllograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of anti...
    • Allograft rejection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Allograft rejection, conserved biosystemAllograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of anti...
    • Autoimmune thyroid disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Autoimmune thyroid disease, organism-specific biosystemThe classification of autoimmune throid disease (AITD) includes Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and its variants, Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune atrophic thyroidi...
    • Autoimmune thyroid disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Autoimmune thyroid disease, conserved biosystemThe classification of autoimmune throid disease (AITD) includes Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and its variants, Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune atrophic thyroidi...
    • Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem
      Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes
    • Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystemInflammation is a protective response to infection by the immune system that requires communication between different classes of immune cells to coordinate their actions. Acute inflammation is an imp...
    • Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells
    • Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network, organism-specific biosystem
      Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network
    • Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystemGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells....
    • Graft-versus-host disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Graft-versus-host disease, conserved biosystemGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells....
    • HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • IL-2 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-2 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-2 belongs to a family of cytokines, which includes IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. IL-2 signals through a receptor complex consisting of IL-2 specific IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25), IL-2 ...
    • IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4, organism-specific biosystem
      IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4
    • IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL12-mediated signaling events
    • IL2 signaling events mediated by PI3K, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL2 signaling events mediated by PI3K, organism-specific biosystem
      IL2 signaling events mediated by PI3K
    • IL2 signaling events mediated by STAT5, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL2 signaling events mediated by STAT5, organism-specific biosystem
      IL2 signaling events mediated by STAT5
    • IL2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL2-mediated signaling events
    • IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL23-mediated signaling events
    • IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL27-mediated signaling events
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Inflammatory Response Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Inflammatory Response Pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Inflammatory Response Pathway
    • Interleukin receptor SHC signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interleukin receptor SHC signaling, organism-specific biosystemPhosphorylation of Shc at three tyrosine residues, 239, 240 (Gotoh et al. 1996) and 317 (Salcini et al. 1994) involves unidentified tyrosine kinases presumed to be part of the activated receptor comp...
    • Interleukin-2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interleukin-2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine that is produced by T cells in response to antigen stimulation. Originally, IL-2 was discovered because of its potent growth factor activity on activated T cells in...
    • Interleukin-3, 5 and GM-CSF signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interleukin-3, 5 and GM-CSF signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe Interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5 and Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptors form a family of heterodimeric receptors that have specific alpha chains but share a common beta...
    • Intestinal immune network for IgA production, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Intestinal immune network for IgA production, organism-specific biosystemThe intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies tha...
    • Intestinal immune network for IgA production, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Intestinal immune network for IgA production, conserved biosystemThe intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies tha...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Measles, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, organism-specific biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Measles, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, conserved biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem
      Regulation of Telomerase
    • Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystemInterleukins are low molecular weight proteins that bind to cell surface receptors and act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. They were first identified as factors produced by leukocytes but a...
    • T cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      T cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemActivation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. En...
    • T cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      T cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemActivation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. En...
    • Type I diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type I diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystemType I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-pre...
    • Type I diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type I diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystemType I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-pre...

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    carbohydrate binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cytokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    glycosphingolipid binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    growth factor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    interleukin-2 receptor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    interleukin-2 receptor binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    kappa-type opioid receptor binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    kinase activator activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    T cell differentiation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    activation of protein kinase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    anti-apoptosis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cell adhesion TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cell-cell signaling TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    natural killer cell activation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of B cell apoptosis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of heart contraction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of inflammatory response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of protein phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of B cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of cell growth TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of cell proliferation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of inflammatory response IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of interleukin-17 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of phosphorylation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of tissue remodeling IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    extracellular space TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
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    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    interleukin-2
    Names
    interleukin-2
    aldesleukin
    T cell growth factor
    involved in regulation of T-cell clonal expansion
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    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_016779.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..10026
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000586.3 → NP_000577.2  interleukin-2 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC070338, X01586
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3726.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P60568
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q0GK43
      Related
      ENSP00000226730, OTTHUMP00000164090, ENST00000226730, OTTHUMT00000256715
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl11593
      Location:7 – 150
      Blast Score: 508
      IL2; Interleukin 2

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000004.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      123372625..123377650, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000136.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      119099231..119104256, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC022489.7 (32497..37752) None
    genomic AF031845.1 AAB86861.1
    genomic AF359939.1 AAK26665.1
    genomic CH471056.2 EAX05227.1
    genomic CQ847559.1 CAH18032.1
    genomic GM863577.1 CAT16485.1
    genomic HC025835.1 CBH19848.1
    genomic HI574002.1 CBX47490.1
    genomic J00264.1 AAD48509.1
    genomic K02056.1 AAA98792.1
    genomic M13879.1 AAA59141.1
    genomic M22005.1 AAA59140.1
    genomic M33199.1 AAA59139.1
    genomic X00695.1 CAA25292.1
    genomic X61155.1 None
    mRNA AB451325.1 BAG70139.1
    mRNA AB451454.1 BAG70268.1
    mRNA AF228636.1 AAG53575.1
    mRNA AF532913.1 AAM97916.1
    mRNA AY283686.1 AAP35033.1
    mRNA AY523040.1 AAS17753.1
    mRNA BC066254.1 AAH66254.1
    mRNA BC066255.1 AAH66255.1
    mRNA BC066256.1 AAH66256.1
    mRNA BC066257.1 AAH66257.1
    mRNA BC070338.1 AAH70338.1
    mRNA DQ231169.1 ABB20900.1
    mRNA DQ861285.1 ABI20697.1
    mRNA S77834.1 AAD14263.2
    mRNA S77835.1 AAD14264.1
    mRNA S82692.1 AAB46883.1
    mRNA U25676.1 AAA70092.1
    mRNA V00564.1 CAA23827.1
    mRNA X01586.1 CAA25742.1
    mRNA A14844.1 CAA01199.1
    other-genetic HQ447521.1 ADQ32007.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P60568.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P60568
    Q0GK43 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q0GK43
    Q13169 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q13169
    Q16334 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q16334
    Q309Q7 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q309Q7
    Q6NZ91 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6NZ91
    Q6NZ93 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6NZ93
    Q6QWN0 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6QWN0
    Q71V48 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q71V48
    Q7Z7M3 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q7Z7M3
    Q8NFA4 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q8NFA4
    Q9C001 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9C001
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    Additional Links

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