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    IGF1 insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C) [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 3479, updated on 20-May-2012
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    Summary

    Official Symbol
    IGF1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:5464
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000017427; HPRD:00936; MIM:147440; Vega:OTTHUMG00000149910
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IGFI; IGF-I; IGF1A
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is similar to insulin in function and structure and is a member of a family of proteins involved in mediating growth and development. The encoded protein is processed from a precursor, bound by a specific receptor, and secreted. Defects in this gene are a cause of insulin-like growth factor I deficiency. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]
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    Genomic context

    Location :
    12q23.2
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 12; NC_000012.11 (102789645..102874378, complement)
    See IGF1 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene PARP1 binding protein Neighboring gene reticulon 3 pseudogene Neighboring gene pro-melanin-concentrating hormone Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 485 Neighboring gene phenylalanine hydroxylase

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    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
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    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Diagnosis and management of disorders of IGF-I synthesis and action. Wit JM. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev, 2011 Sep. PMID 22423513.
    2. From GHRH to IGF-1 and downstream: clinical phenotypes and biological mechanisms. Pfäffle R, et al. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev, 2011 Sep. PMID 22423511.
    3. Association of IGF1 gene haplotypes with high myopia in Chinese adults. Mak JY, et al. Arch Ophthalmol, 2012 Feb. PMID 22332214.
    4. PKCη is a negative regulator of AKT inhibiting the IGF-I induced proliferation. Shahaf G, et al. Exp Cell Res, 2012 Apr 15. PMID 22305966.
    5. Bimodal influence of plasma estradiol on relation between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and estradiol in women. Milewicz T, et al. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 2011. PMID 22286784.

    See all (1053) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. It was shown that the PKCeta isoform is a negative regulator of the AKT signaling pathway. The IGF-I induced phosphorylation on Ser473 of AKT was inhibited by the PKCeta-induced expression in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cancer cells.
      Title: PKCη is a negative regulator of AKT inhibiting the IGF-I induced proliferation.
    2. alpha-synuclein is a co-regulator of growth factor-induced AKT activation; elimination of alpha-synucelin reduces IGF-1-mediated AKT activation.
      Title: Direct interaction of α-synuclein and AKT regulates IGF-1 signaling: implication of Parkinson disease.
    3. Cardiac morphological data were negatively correlated with IGGBP-1 and positively correlated with IGF-I and birth weight.
      Title: Infants of diabetic mothers: echocardiographic measurements and cord blood IGF-I and IGFBP-1.
    4. Data suggest that 25-(OH) vitamin D3 status may contribute to determine serum IGF-I levels in healthy population.
      Title: Vitamin D status may contribute to serum insulin-like growth factor I concentrations in healthy subjects.
    5. GH peaked at mid-puberty and IGF-1 in late puberty, P1NP and CTX were highest in mid-puberty compared with early and late puberty. GH, but not IGF-1, correlated with P1NP.
      Title: Growth hormone is positively associated with surrogate markers of bone turnover during puberty.
    6. The data indicate that serum free IGF-I and IGFBP-1 are implicated in early atherosclerosis.
      Title: Correlation of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-1 and -3 to cardiovascular risk indicators and early carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men.
    7. While the association of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and adult metabolic syndrome (MS), including diabetes, has been well documented, these subjects with normal IGF1 and insulin-resistant diabetes do not have typical manifestations of MS.
      Title: Intrauterine and postnatal growth failure with normal GH/IGF1 axis and insulin-resistant diabetes in a consanguineous kinship.
    8. Adaptive increases in IGF1 and IGF2 are observed in insulin resistance.
      Title: Characterisation of adiponectin multimers and the IGF axis in humans with a heterozygote mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor gene.
    9. IGF-1 was associated with MetS independent of adiponectin
      Title: The relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 and metabolic syndrome, independent of adiponectin.
    10. Multiple sclerosis & higher disability seem to be associated with a reduction in bioavailability of IGF-I.
      Title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 serum levels in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (872)
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    Phenotypes

    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    A genome-wide association study in 19 633 Japanese subjects identified LHX3-QSOX2 and IGF1 as adult height loci.

    Growth retardation with deafness and mental retardation due to IGF1 deficiency

    Identification of 15 loci influencing height in a Korean population.

    New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk.

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    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env The fusion of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) with stromal cell-derived factor I or alpha1 proteinase inhibitor has the capacity to compete with the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 receptor PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates several anti-apoptotic genes, including AKT-1, AKT-2, BCL2, BCL-XL, and insulin-like growth factor I in vincristine-treated Kaposi's sarcoma cells PubMed
    tat Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) inhibits HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

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    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_000609.1 NP_000587.1 IGFBP1    BIND  PubMed IGF-I interacts with IGFBP-1. 
    NP_000609.1 NP_000588.1 IGFBP2    BIND  PubMed IGF-I interacts with IGFBP-2. 
    NP_000609.1 NP_000589.1 IGFBP3    BIND  PubMed IGF-I interacts with IGFBP-3. 
    NP_000609.1 NP_001543.1 IGFBP4    BIND  PubMed IGF-I interacts with IGFBP-4. 
    NP_000609.1 NP_000590.1 IGFBP5    BIND  PubMed IGF-I interacts with IGFBP-5. 
    NP_000609.1 NP_002169.1 IGFBP6    BIND  PubMed IGF-I interacts with IGFBP-6. 
    P05019 P07858 CTSB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P14735 IDE    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P08069 IGF1R    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P35858 IGFALS    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P08833 IGFBP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P18065 IGFBP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P17936 IGFBP3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P22692 IGFBP4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P24593 IGFBP5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P24592 IGFBP6    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 Q16270 IGFBP7    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 Immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 IGSF1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P05019 P48745 NOV    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:109642 IDE    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:109701 IGF1R    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:109704 IGFALS    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:109706 IGFBP2    BioGRID  PubMed Co-purification 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:109707 IGFBP3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:109708 IGFBP4    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:109709 IGFBP5    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:109711 IGFBP7    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:109763 IGSF1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:110918 NOV    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109700 BioGRID:112876 TF    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
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    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThe different classess of factors involved in adipogenesis are shown. Adipogenesis is the process by which fat cells differentiate from predadipocytes to adipocytes (fat cells). Adipose tissue, compo...
    • Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, organism-specific biosystemSodium transport across the tight epithelia of Na+ reabsorbing tissues such as the distal part of the kidney nephron and colon is the major factor determining total-body Na+ levels, and thus, long-te...
    • Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, conserved biosystemSodium transport across the tight epithelia of Na+ reabsorbing tissues such as the distal part of the kidney nephron and colon is the major factor determining total-body Na+ levels, and thus, long-te...
    • Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe androgen receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand activated transcription factors. These receptors bind to steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, retinoids and vitamin D among ot...
    • Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
    • Diabetes pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Diabetes pathways, organism-specific biosystemThis module groups several normal processes that have key roles in the synthesis and function of insulin, insulin-like growth factors and ghrelin, and whose derangement is thus central to the pathoge...
    • Dilated cardiomyopathy, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Dilated cardiomyopathy, organism-specific biosystemDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac d...
    • Dilated cardiomyopathy, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Dilated cardiomyopathy, conserved biosystemDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac d...
    • Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
    • Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystem
      Endochondral Ossification
    • Focal Adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Focal Adhesion, organism-specific biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
    • Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
    • Focal adhesion, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Focal adhesion, conserved biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
    • Glioma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Glioma, organism-specific biosystemGliomas are the most common of the primary brain tumors and account for more than 40% of all central nervous system neoplasms. Gliomas include tumours that are composed predominantly of astrocytes (a...
    • Glioma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Glioma, conserved biosystemGliomas are the most common of the primary brain tumors and account for more than 40% of all central nervous system neoplasms. Gliomas include tumours that are composed predominantly of astrocytes (a...
    • Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystemHemostasis is a physiological response that culminates in the arrest of bleeding from an injured vessel. Under normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhe...
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystemHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological feat...
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), conserved biosystemHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological feat...
    • Id Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Id Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are members of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of proteins which lack a DNA binding domain themselves but bind to other family members inhibiting their DNA bi...
    • Long-term depression, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Long-term depression, organism-specific biosystemCerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and...
    • Long-term depression, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Long-term depression, conserved biosystemCerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and...
    • Melanoma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Melanoma, organism-specific biosystemMelanoma is a form of skin cancer that has a poor prognosis and which is on the rise in Western populations. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes...
    • Melanoma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Melanoma, conserved biosystemMelanoma is a form of skin cancer that has a poor prognosis and which is on the rise in Western populations. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes...
    • MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway shows the role of microRNAs in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. MicroRNA targets were predicted by the TargetScan algorithm, and the predicted interactions are shown in red dashed lin...
    • Oocyte meiosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Oocyte meiosis, organism-specific biosystemDuring meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, called meiosis I and meiosis II. At meiosis I, homologous chromosomes recombine and then segrega...
    • Oocyte meiosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Oocyte meiosis, conserved biosystemDuring meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, called meiosis I and meiosis II. At meiosis I, homologous chromosomes recombine and then segrega...
    • Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
      Pathways in cancer
    • Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet activation begins with the initial binding of adhesive ligands and of the excitatory platelet agonists (released or generated at the sites of vascular trauma) to cognate receptors on the pla...
    • Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelets function as exocytotic cells, secreting a plethora of effector molecules at sites of vascular injury. Platelets contain a number of distinguishable storage granules including alpha granules...
    • Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, organism-specific biosystemXenopus oocytes are naturally arrested at G2 of meiosis I. Exposure to either insulin/IGF-1 or the steroid hormone progesterone breaks this arrest and induces resumption of the two meiotic division c...
    • Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, conserved biosystemXenopus oocytes are naturally arrested at G2 of meiosis I. Exposure to either insulin/IGF-1 or the steroid hormone progesterone breaks this arrest and induces resumption of the two meiotic division c...
    • Prostate cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Prostate cancer, organism-specific biosystemProstate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of...
    • Prostate cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Prostate cancer, conserved biosystemProstate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of...
    • Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Activity by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Activity by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs), organism-specific biosystemThe family of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) share 50% amino acid identity with conserved N terminal and C terminal regions responsible for binding Insulin like Growth Factors I...
    • Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystemActivation of phospholipase C enzymes results in the generation of second messengers of the phosphatidylinositol pathway. The events resulting from this pathway are a rise in intracellular calcium an...
    • Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystemSenescense and Autophagy Pathways in Cancer
    • Synthesis, Secretion, and Deacylation of Ghrelin, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Synthesis, Secretion, and Deacylation of Ghrelin, organism-specific biosystemGhrelin is a peptide hormone of 28 amino acid residues which is acylated at the serine-3 of the mature peptide. Ghrelin is synthesized in several tissues: X/A-like cells of the gastric mucosa (the ma...
    • Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
      Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
    • Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Transcriptional misregulation in cancer, conserved biosystem
      Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
    • mTOR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      mTOR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      mTOR signaling pathway
    • mTOR signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      mTOR signaling pathway, conserved biosystem
      mTOR signaling pathway
    • p53 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      p53 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemp53 activation is induced by a number of stress signals, including DNA damage, oxidative stress and activated oncogenes. The p53 protein is employed as a transcriptional activator of p53-regulated ge...
    • p53 signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      p53 signaling pathway, conserved biosystemp53 activation is induced by a number of stress signals, including DNA damage, oxidative stress and activated oncogenes. The p53 protein is employed as a transcriptional activator of p53-regulated ge...

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    hormone activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    hormone activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    insulin receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    insulin-like growth factor receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    integrin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    DNA replication TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Ras protein signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Type I pneumocyte differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Type II pneumocyte differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    anti-apoptosis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    blood coagulation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    blood vessel remodeling IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    bone mineralization involved in bone maturation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    branching morphogenesis of a tube IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cellular component movement TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    exocrine pancreas development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    glial cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    glycolate metabolic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    lung alveolus development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    lung lobe morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    lung vasculature development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    mammary gland development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    muscle hypertrophy IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    muscle organ development TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    myoblast differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    myoblast proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    myotube cell development IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    nervous system development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    platelet activation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    platelet degranulation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of DNA replication IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of DNA replication ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of MAPK cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of glucose import IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of glycolysis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of mitosis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    prostate gland growth IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    prostate gland stromal morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    proteoglycan biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of multicellular organism growth IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of protein metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of protein phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    skeletal system development TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    water homeostasis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    extracellular region IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    extracellular region NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    platelet alpha granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
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    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    insulin-like growth factor 1
    Names
    insulin-like growth factor 1
    MGF
    IGF-IA
    IGF-IB
    somatomedin-C
    mechano growth factor
    insulin-like growth factor I
    insulin-like growth factor IA
    insulin-like growth factor IB
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    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_011713.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..89734
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000618.3 → NP_000609.1  insulin-like growth factor 1 isoform 4 preproprotein

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate frame-shifting exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a protein (isoform 4) with a novel C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform is also known as IA.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB209184, AC010202
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9091.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P05019
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59GC5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q5U743
      Related
      ENSP00000337612, OTTHUMP00000195080, ENST00000337514, OTTHUMT00000313854
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04368
      Location:49 – 116
      Blast Score: 296
      IlGF; IlGF, insulin_like growth factors; specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of peptides including insulin-like growth factors I and II, which play a variety of roles in controlling processes such as growth, differentiation, and reproduction. On ...

    2. NM_001111283.1 → NP_001104753.1  insulin-like growth factor 1 isoform 1 preproprotein

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes isoform 1. This isoform is also known as IC.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC010202, U40870
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44961.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E9PD02
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q13429
      Related
      ENSP00000394999, ENST00000456098
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04368
      Location:49 – 116
      Blast Score: 294
      IlGF; IlGF, insulin_like growth factors; specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of peptides including insulin-like growth factors I and II, which play a variety of roles in controlling processes such as growth, differentiation, and reproduction. On ...

    3. NM_001111284.1 → NP_001104754.1  insulin-like growth factor 1 isoform 2 preproprotein

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and has multiple coding region differences, compared to variant 1. These differences cause translation initiation from a distinct start codon and result in an isoform (1) with novel N- and C-termini, compared to isoform 1. This isoform is also known as IIA.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC010202, M37484
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44960.1
      Related
      ENSP00000416811, OTTHUMP00000195083, ENST00000424202, OTTHUMT00000313857
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04368
      Location:33 – 100
      Blast Score: 306
      IlGF; IlGF, insulin_like growth factors; specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of peptides including insulin-like growth factors I and II, which play a variety of roles in controlling processes such as growth, differentiation, and reproduction. On ...

    4. NM_001111285.1 → NP_001104755.1  insulin-like growth factor 1 isoform 3 preproprotein

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 3' coding region and 3' UTR, compared to variant 1, resulting in a protein (isoform 3) with a novel C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform is also known as IB.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC010202, X56774
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44962.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P05019
      Related
      ENSP00000302665, OTTHUMP00000195081, ENST00000307046, OTTHUMT00000313855
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04368
      Location:49 – 116
      Blast Score: 296
      IlGF; IlGF, insulin_like growth factors; specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of peptides including insulin-like growth factors I and II, which play a variety of roles in controlling processes such as growth, differentiation, and reproduction. On ...

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000012.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      102789645..102874378, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000144.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      99849028..99933911, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC010202.6 (83979..168712) None
    genomic AC068648.16 None
    genomic AY260957.1 AAO74829.1
    genomic AY790940.1 AAV40833.1
    genomic CH471054.1 EAW97695.1
      EAW97696.1
      EAW97697.1
      EAW97698.1
    genomic GN335338.1 CAY39134.1
    genomic M12659.1 AAA52538.1
    genomic M14155.1 AAA52537.1
    genomic M14156.1 AAA52538.1
    genomic S85346.1 AAB21519.1
    genomic X03420.1 CAA27152.1
    genomic X03421.1 CAA27153.1
    genomic X03422.1 CAA27154.1
    genomic X03563.1 CAA27250.1
    mRNA AB209184.1 BAD92421.1
    mRNA AK312231.1 BAG35164.1
    mRNA BC148266.1 AAI48267.1
    mRNA BC152321.1 AAI52322.1
    mRNA CR541861.1 CAG46659.1
    mRNA M11568.1 AAA52539.1
    mRNA M27544.1 AAA52787.1
    mRNA M29644.1 AAA52543.1
    mRNA M37484.1 AAA52789.1
    mRNA U40870.1 AAA96152.1
    mRNA X00173.1 CAA24998.1
    mRNA X56773.1 CAA40092.1
    mRNA X56774.1 CAA40093.1
    mRNA X57025.1 CAA40342.1
    other-genetic BC160082.1 AAI60082.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P05019.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P05019
    Q13429 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q13429
    Q59GC5 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q59GC5
    Q5U743 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5U743
    Q6LD41 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6LD41
    Q9NP10 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9NP10
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    Additional Links

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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