APOD apolipoprotein D [Homo sapiens] - Gene

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Summary

Official Symbol: APODprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: apolipoprotein Dprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:612
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000189058; HPRD:00134; MIM:107740; Vega:OTTHUMG00000155854
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Summary: This gene encodes a component of high density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein sequences. It has a high degree of homology to plasma retinol-binding protein and other members of the alpha 2 microglobulin protein superfamily of carrier proteins, also known as lipocalins. This glycoprotein is closely associated with the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase - an enzyme involved in lipoprotein metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

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Genomic context

Location :: 3q26.2-qter

Sequence :: Chromosome: 3; NC_000003.11 (195295573..195311076, complement)

See APOD in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

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Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Genomic Sequence

Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

Go to reference sequence details

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Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

Our findings show that Apo D expression is influenced by age, Braak stage, and sex.
Title: Gender differences in apolipoprotein D expression during aging and in Alzheimer disease.
Endothelial cells downregulate apolipoprotein D expression in mural cells through paracrine secretion and Notch3 signaling.
Title: Endothelial cells downregulate apolipoprotein D expression in mural cells through paracrine secretion and Notch signaling.
increased JNK1 activation in the apocrine cells from axillary osmidrosis contributes to the increased ApoD expression
Title: Increased JNK1 activity contributes to the upregulation of ApoD in the apocrine secretory gland cells from axillary osmidrosis.
Importance of Parp-1, APEX-1 and ERK1/2 catalytic activities in the growth arrest-induced apoD gene expression.
Title: Characterization of nuclear factors modulating the apolipoprotein D promoter during growth arrest: implication of PARP-1, APEX-1 and ERK1/2 catalytic activities.
Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.
A strong relationship with gestational diabetes and APOD in the placenta that may reflect its suggested function in defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.
Title: Increase in placental apolipoprotein D as an adaptation to human gestational diabetes.
The decrease in plasma ApoD concentration during pregnancy is an adaptive response aimed at maintaining fetal lipid homeostasis.
Title: Modulation of Apolipoprotein D levels in human pregnancy and association with gestational weight gain.
Apolipoprotein D (APOD) and two further transcripts were significantly upregulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in scrotum fibroblasts
Title: Apolipoprotein D (APOD) is a putative biomarker of androgen receptor function in androgen insensitivity syndrome.
apoD expression is increased throughout life in the human prefrontal cortex
Title: Apolipoprotein-D expression is increased during development and maturation of the human prefrontal cortex.
Variations in the levels and/or sites of apoD expression influence the lipid and glucose metabolism, consolidating apoD as a target for insulin-resistance-related disorders.
Title: Human apolipoprotein D overexpression in transgenic mice induces insulin resistance and alters lipid metabolism.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (29)

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Phenotypes

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs	Description
P05090	P02652	APOA2	HPRD	PubMed
P05090	P48357	LEPR	HPRD	PubMed
P05090	GRINL1A downstream protein Gdown1	POLR2M	HPRD	PubMed
BioGRID:106844	BioGRID:106833	APOA2	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-purification
BioGRID:106844	BioGRID:106844	APOD	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-purification
BioGRID:106844	BioGRID:123498	POLR2M	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:106844	BioGRID:114011	STK24	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
cholesterol binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
lipid binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
lipid transporter activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
transporter activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
aging	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info
angiogenesis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info
brain development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
glucose metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
lipid metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
lipid transport	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
negative regulation of T cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info
negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of protein import into nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info
peripheral nervous system axon regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to axon injury	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to drug	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to reactive oxygen species	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
tissue regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytosolic ribosome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
dendrite	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
endoplasmic reticulum	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
extracellular region	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
intracellular	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
neuronal cell body	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

Preferred Names: apolipoprotein D

Names: apolipoprotein D; apo-D

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NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001647.3 → NP_001638.1 apolipoprotein D precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC069213, BC007402, BU727194, DA892855

Consensus CDS

CCDS33925.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P05090

Related

ENSP00000345179, OTTHUMP00000208785, ENST00000343267, OTTHUMT00000342004

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl01150
Location:37 – 182
Blast Score: 263

Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000003.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Range

195295573..195311076, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000135.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

192666066..192681572, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

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Related Sequences

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	AC069213.22 (110660..126161)	None
genomic	CH471052.2	EAW78023.1
		EAW78024.1
genomic	M16648.1	AAA51764.1
genomic	M16649.1	AAA51764.1
genomic	M16695.1	AAA51764.1
genomic	M16696.1	AAA51764.1
mRNA	AK294523.1	BAG57734.1
mRNA	AK312090.1	BAG35026.1
mRNA	BC007402.2	AAH07402.1
mRNA	BQ008672.1	None
mRNA	BT019860.1	AAV38663.1
mRNA	BT019861.1	AAV38664.1
mRNA	BU195270.1	None
mRNA	BU727194.1	None
mRNA	CR456838.1	CAG33119.1
mRNA	CR541773.1	CAG46572.1
mRNA	DA892855.1	None
mRNA	J02611.1	AAB59517.1
mRNA	S80440.1	AAB35919.1
other-genetic	DQ892668.2	ABM83594.1
other-genetic	DQ896124.2	ABM87123.1