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    IFNG interferon, gamma [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 3458, updated on 20-May-2012
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    Summary

    Official Symbol
    IFNGprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interferon, gammaprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:5438
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000111537; HPRD:00957; MIM:147570; Vega:OTTHUMG00000169113
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IFG; IFI
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the type II interferon family. The protein encoded is a soluble cytokine with antiviral, immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties and is a potent activator of macrophages. Mutations in this gene are associated with aplastic anemia.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]
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    Genomic context

    Location :
    12q14
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 12; NC_000012.11 (68548550..68553521, complement)
    See IFNG in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 28 Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 pseudogene Neighboring gene interleukin 26 Neighboring gene interleukin 22

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    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
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    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Transglutaminase 2 expression is enhanced synergistically by interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in human small intestine. Bayardo M, et al. Clin Exp Immunol, 2012 Apr. PMID 22385244.
    2. Acceptance of interferon-gamma release assay by a high-risk urban cohort. O'Donnell MR, et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2011 Oct. PMID 22283891.
    3. Interferon-γ activates transglutaminase 2 via a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent pathway: implications for celiac sprue therapy. Diraimondo TR, et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2012 Apr. PMID 22228808.
    4. The nucleocapsid protein of measles virus blocks host interferon response. Takayama I, et al. Virology, 2012 Mar 1. PMID 22226324.
    5. IL-10 elicits IFNγ-dependent tumor immune surveillance. Mumm JB, et al. Cancer Cell, 2011 Dec 13. PMID 22172723.

    See all (1163) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. Report acceptance of interferon-gamma release assay by a high-risk urban cohort in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection.
      Title: Acceptance of interferon-gamma release assay by a high-risk urban cohort.
    2. Results show that T cells played a pivotal role in a new in vitro Langhans giant cells (LGCs) formation system, in which DC-STAMP was involved, and occurred via a molecular mechanism that involved CD40-CD40L interaction and IFN-gamma secretion.
      Title: The CD40-CD40L axis and IFN-γ play critical roles in Langhans giant cell formation.
    3. Concentrations of interferon-gamma in RSV and innate immunity cytokines in both RSV and human rhinovirus infections inversely correlated with disease severity.
      Title: Decreased innate immune cytokine responses correlate with disease severity in children with respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus bronchiolitis.
    4. the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and Survivin in transferred HepG2 cells and evaluate the synergistic effect of IFN-gamma gene on LIGHT-induced apoptosis signal transduction pathways
      Title: Synergistic effect of IFN-γ gene on LIGHT-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells via down regulation of Bcl-2.
    5. IFN-gamma/TT genotype was detected as a gene of susceptibility to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
      Title: Investigation of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, IL-10, IL-6, IFN-gamma, MBL, GPIA, and IL1A gene polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
    6. As the predominant cytokine secreted by T lymphocytes in the celiac intestine, IFN-gamma activates extracellular transglutaminase (TG)2 in a dose-dependent manner.
      Title: Interferon-γ activates transglutaminase 2 via a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent pathway: implications for celiac sprue therapy.
    7. IFN-gamma, a dominant cytokine in intestinal mucosa in active celiac disease, is the most potent inducer of Transglutaminase 2, and synergism with TNF-alpha may contribute to exacerbate the pathogenic mechanism of celiac disease.
      Title: Transglutaminase 2 expression is enhanced synergistically by interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in human small intestine.
    8. IFN-gamma +874A/T polymorphism may be related to susceptibility to Bipolar Disorder(BD) and that the T allele may be associated with an increased risk of developing BD.
      Title: The T allele of the interferon-gamma +874A/T polymorphism is associated with bipolar disorder.
    9. A limited number of IFN-gamma gene combinations with other cytokine functional single nucleotide polymorphisms determine the outcome of disease severity in tuberculosis.
      Title: Differential combination of cytokine and interferon- γ +874 T/A polymorphisms determines disease severity in pulmonary tuberculosis.
    10. Elevated plasma levels of interferon-gamma and Cys-X-Cys chemokine receptor 3-binding chemokines are present in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms.
      Title: Circulating interferon-γ-inducible Cys-X-Cys chemokine receptor 3 ligands are elevated in humans with aortic aneurysms and Cys-X-Cys chemokine receptor 3 is necessary for aneurysm formation in mice.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (765)
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    Phenotypes

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    AIDS, rapid progression to

    AIDS, rapid progression to}, 609423;{Hepatitis C virus, response to therapy of

    Aplastic anemia

    Genome-wide association identifies multiple ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci.

    Interferon, immune, deficiency

    Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47.

    TSC2 angiomyolipomas, renal, modifier of

    Tuberculosis, protection against

    Ulcerative colitis-risk loci on chromosomes 1p36 and 12q15 found by genome-wide association study.

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    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Cytokines induced in vitro by HIV-1 gp120 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) include interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta PubMed
    env Induction of the receptor activator of cytokine nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is mediated by HIV-1 gp120; the gp120-mediated induction of RANKL is blocked by interferon-gamma PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 inhibits natural killer (NK) cell natural cytotoxicity and this inhibition also affects the production of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma); the inhibitory activity of gp120 can be prevented by coincubation with VIP PubMed
    env Secretion of IL-12 is found in macrophages primed with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and subsequently treated with gp120 PubMed
    env In the presence of HIV-1 gp120, stimulation through the CD28 pathway partially restores IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by T cell lines in response to anti-CD3 antibodies PubMed
    env Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies is inhibited by HIV-1 gp120 in T cell lines PubMed
    env Sulfate containing galactolipids such as sulfatides on responder cells may be part of the HIV-1 gp120-membrane complex that initiates the induction of interferon (IFN) PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides induce the production of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); in contrast, gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides are able to depress the production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 PubMed
    env Treatment of cells with HIV-1 gp120 induces the release of IFN gamma PubMed
    env IFN-gamma and gp120-induced activation of Na+/H+ exchange appears to be mediated through activation of tyrosine kinase (TK), because TK inhibitors block the action of IFN-gamma and gp120 PubMed
    env Treatment of human colonic epithelial cells with recombinant gamma-interferon (rlFN gamma) induces a dose-dependent inhibition of Galactosyl ceramide (GalCer) expression on the cell surface; GalCer is a receptor for HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env Pretreatment of CD4+ cells with HIV-1 gp160 significantly reduces PHA-induced secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 but augments IL-4 production PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env PWM, LPS, IFN-gamma and IL-6 can increase HIV-1 gp41 binding to human B cells PubMed
    env IFN-gamma production in mononuclear leukocytes from an HIV-1-seropositive man is induced by different concentrations of a recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 and gp120 fragment PubMed
    Nef nef HIV-1 Nef has superantigen properties in that it binds to MHC class II antigens and activates T cells, causing T cell proliferation and production of the T helper 1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma PubMed
    nef Upon T cell activation, HIV-1 Nef expression downregulates both IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in a dose-dependent manner PubMed
    nef PBMC proliferation induced by exogenous HIV-1 Nef is associated with upregulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat inhibits IFN-gamma release by NK cells upon contact with dendritic cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat acts as a co-stimulatory molecule that affects viral replication by modulating host immune response through induction of T-bet expression and IFN-gamma secretion PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat delivered by CyaA from Bordetella pertussis induces a Th1-polarized immune response and HIV-Tat-specific gamma interferon-producing CD8(+) T cells are generated after vaccination with CyaA-E5-Tat in a CD4(+) T-cell-independent manner PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat synergizes with IFN-gamma to induce iNOS activity in purified rat microglial cultures PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat interacts with IFN-gamma, which upregulates the Tat receptor VEGFR2/KDR, to produce cytotoxicity in human brain microvascular endothelial cells PubMed
    tat IFN-gamma interacts with HIV-1 Tat to induce endothelial cells to proliferate and invade the extracellular matrix by upregulating the receptors for Tat (integrins alpha-5-beta-1 and alpha-v-beta-3), suggesting Tat and IFN-gamma play major roles in AIDS-KS PubMed
    tat IFN-gamma inhibits the transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter by HIV-1 Tat PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat inhibits IFN-gamma induced iNOS activity in a murine macrophage cell line PubMed
    tat IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma synergize with HIV-1 Tat to promote in nude mice the development of angioproliferative Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates IFN-gamma expression by uninfected mononuclear cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat enhances translation of the interferon-inducible enzymes 2-5A synthetase and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, suggesting interaction of Tat with interferons during HIV-1 replication PubMed
    Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr inhibits interferon gamma secretion in infected T cells PubMed
    vpr Expression of HIV-1 Vpr in U937 cells upregulates gamma interferon expression PubMed
    capsid gag Interferon-gamma can counteract the inhibitory effect of HIV-1 Capsid based peptides on antibody response to Sheep Red Cell Antigen PubMed
    gag HIV-1 Capsid (p24) inhibits interferon gamma induced increases in HLA-DR and cytochrome B heavy chain mRNA levels in the human monocyte-like cell line THP1 PubMed
    matrix gag HIV-1 Matrix enhances the cytokine-induced production of interferon gamma PubMed
    gag HIV-1 Matrix and interferon gamma are structurally similar and have been found to bind in vitro PubMed
    reverse transcriptase gag-pol Up-regulation of LMP7 by IFN-gamma enhances proteasomal degradation of HIV-1 RT and presentation of the VIYQYMDDL epitope derived from HIV-1 RT PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

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    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    P01579 P01579 IFNG    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01579 P15260 IFNGR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01579 P38484 IFNGR2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01579 P30101 PDIA3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01579 P01375 TNF    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:109680 BioGRID:109680 IFNG    BioGRID  PubMed Co-crystal Structure 
    BioGRID:109680 BioGRID:109681 IFNGR1    BioGRID  PubMed Co-crystal Structure; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109680 BioGRID:109682 IFNGR2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
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    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • ATF-2 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      ATF-2 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
      ATF-2 transcription factor network
    • African trypanosomiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      African trypanosomiasis, organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brai...
    • African trypanosomiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      African trypanosomiasis, conserved biosystemTrypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brai...
    • Allograft rejection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Allograft rejection, organism-specific biosystemAllograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of anti...
    • Allograft rejection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Allograft rejection, conserved biosystemAllograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of anti...
    • Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Amoebiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, conserved biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Antigen processing and presentation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Antigen processing and presentation, organism-specific biosystem
      Antigen processing and presentation
    • Antigen processing and presentation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Antigen processing and presentation, conserved biosystem
      Antigen processing and presentation
    • Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem
      Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes
    • Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystemInflammation is a protective response to infection by the immune system that requires communication between different classes of immune cells to coordinate their actions. Acute inflammation is an imp...
    • Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells
    • Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
    • Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
    • Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network, organism-specific biosystem
      Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network
    • Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystemGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells....
    • Graft-versus-host disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Graft-versus-host disease, conserved biosystemGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells....
    • Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Hypertrophy Model, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Hypertrophy Model, organism-specific biosystem
      Hypertrophy Model
    • IFN-gamma pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IFN-gamma pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      IFN-gamma pathway
    • IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4, organism-specific biosystem
      IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4
    • IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL12-mediated signaling events
    • IL2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL2-mediated signaling events
    • IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL23-mediated signaling events
    • IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL27-mediated signaling events
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Inflammatory Response Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Inflammatory Response Pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Inflammatory Response Pathway
    • Influenza A, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Influenza A, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, conserved biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Interferon Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interferon Signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterferons (IFNs) are cytokines that play a central role in initiating immune responses, especially antiviral and antitumor effects. There are three types of IFNs:Type I (IFN-alpha, -beta and others...
    • Interferon gamma signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interferon gamma signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) belongs to the type II interferon family and is secreted by activated immune cells-primarily T and NK cells, but also B-cells and APC. INFG exerts its effect on cells by ...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • Malaria, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Malaria, organism-specific biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
    • Malaria, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Malaria, conserved biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
    • Measles, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, organism-specific biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Measles, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, conserved biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, organism-specific biosystemNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stre...
    • Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, conserved biosystemNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stre...
    • Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
    • Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
    • PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway
    • Proteasome, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Proteasome, organism-specific biosystemThe proteasome is a protein-destroying apparatus involved in many essential cellular functions, such as regulation of cell cycle, cell differentiation, signal transduction pathways, antigen processin...
    • Proteasome, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Proteasome, conserved biosystemThe proteasome is a protein-destroying apparatus involved in many essential cellular functions, such as regulation of cell cycle, cell differentiation, signal transduction pathways, antigen processin...
    • Proteasome Degradation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Proteasome Degradation, organism-specific biosystem
      Proteasome Degradation
    • Regulation of IFNG signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Regulation of IFNG signaling, organism-specific biosystemAt least three different classes of negative regulators exist to control the extent of INFG stimulation and signaling. These include the feedback inhibitors belonging to protein family suppressors of...
    • Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem
      Regulation of Telomerase
    • Regulation of autophagy, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Regulation of autophagy, organism-specific biosystem
      Regulation of autophagy
    • Regulation of autophagy, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Regulation of autophagy, conserved biosystem
      Regulation of autophagy
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • Salmonella infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Salmonella infection, organism-specific biosystemSalmonella infection usually presents as a self-limiting gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever and bacteremia. The common disease-causing Salmonella species in human is a single species, S...
    • Salmonella infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Salmonella infection, conserved biosystemSalmonella infection usually presents as a self-limiting gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever and bacteremia. The common disease-causing Salmonella species in human is a single species, S...
    • Selenium Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Selenium Pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Selenium Pathway
    • Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystemSenescense and Autophagy Pathways in Cancer
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Systemic lupus erythematosus, organism-specific biosystemSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self-antigens, such as DNA, nuclear proteins and cert...
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Systemic lupus erythematosus, conserved biosystemSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self-antigens, such as DNA, nuclear proteins and cert...
    • T cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      T cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemActivation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. En...
    • T cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      T cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemActivation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. En...
    • TGF Beta Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TGF Beta Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiat...
    • TGF-beta signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      TGF-beta signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species r...
    • TGF-beta signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      TGF-beta signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species r...
    • Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
    • Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
    • Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Type I diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type I diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystemType I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-pre...
    • Type I diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type I diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystemType I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-pre...
    • Type II interferon signaling (IFNG), organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Type II interferon signaling (IFNG), organism-specific biosystemAdapted from Raza et al. (2008). This pathway is initiated by IFNG binding to its receptor and a subsequent phosphorylation cascade involving a number of the JAK and STAT family of proteins. Several ...

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    cytokine activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    interferon-gamma receptor binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    adaptive immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    antigen processing and presentation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    apoptotic process IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cell cycle arrest IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cell surface receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cellular component movement TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cellular response to interleukin-18 IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cytokine-mediated signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    defense response to bacterium IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    defense response to protozoan IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    humoral immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    inflammatory cell apoptosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of interleukin-17 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of myelination IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    neutrophil apoptosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    neutrophil chemotaxis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of T cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of cell adhesion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of interleukin-12 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of interleukin-23 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of neuron differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protein import into nucleus, translocation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of growth IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of insulin secretion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    regulation of the force of heart contraction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to drug IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to virus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Help top of page

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    interferon gamma
    Names
    interferon gamma
    IFN-gamma
    immune interferon
    Help top of page

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_015840.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..9972
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000619.2 → NP_000610.2  interferon gamma precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC070256, V00543
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS8980.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01579
      Related
      ENSP00000229135, OTTHUMP00000240111, ENST00000229135, OTTHUMT00000402301
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00714
      Location:24 – 142
      Blast Score: 509
      IFN-gamma; Interferon gamma

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000012.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      68548550..68553521, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000144.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      65599188..65604157, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Help top of page

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC007458.14 (93984..98955) None
    genomic AF375790.2 AAK53058.1
    genomic CH471054.1 EAW97180.1
    genomic J00219.1 AAB59534.1
    mRNA AB451324.1 BAG70138.1
    mRNA AB451453.1 BAG70267.1
    mRNA AF506749.1 AAM28885.1
    mRNA AM903379.1 CAP17327.1
    mRNA AY044154.1 AAK95388.1
    mRNA AY255837.1 AAP20098.1
    mRNA AY255839.1 AAP20100.1
    mRNA BC070256.1 AAH70256.1
    mRNA EF173872.1 ABM53145.1
    mRNA V00543.1 CAA23804.1
    mRNA X01992.1 CAA26022.1
    mRNA X13274.1 CAA31639.1
    mRNA X62468.1 CAA44325.1
    mRNA X62469.1 CAA44326.1
    mRNA X62470.1 CAA44327.1
    mRNA X62471.1 CAA44328.1
    mRNA X62472.1 CAA44329.1
    mRNA X62473.1 CAA44330.1
    mRNA X62474.1 CAA44331.1
    mRNA X87308.1 None
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P01579.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P01579
    Q14609 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q14609
    Q14610 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q14610
    Q14611 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q14611
    Q14612 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q14612
    Q14613 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q14613
    Q14614 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q14614
    Q14615 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q14615
    Q8NHY9 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q8NHY9
    Q96LA2 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q96LA2
    Help top of page

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
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