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    IFNAR1 interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3454, updated on 18-May-2013
    Official Symbol
    IFNAR1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:5432
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000142166; HPRD:00126; MIM:107450; Vega:OTTHUMG00000065126
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    AVP; IFRC; IFNAR; IFNBR; IFN-alpha-REC
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein that forms one of the two chains of a receptor for interferons alpha and beta. Binding and activation of the receptor stimulates Janus protein kinases, which in turn phosphorylate several proteins, including STAT1 and STAT2. The encoded protein also functions as an antiviral factor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Location :
    21q22.11
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 21; NC_000021.8 (34697214..34732129)
    See IFNAR1 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 21 - NC_000021.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100288432 Neighboring gene interleukin 10 receptor, beta Neighboring gene upstream transcription factor 1 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene interferon gamma receptor 2 (interferon gamma transducer 1) Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 50B Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S5 pseudogene 3

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is a key regulator of IFNAR1 endocytosis and a target for antiviral therapies. Carbone CJ, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012 Nov 20. PMID 23129613.
    2. A miR-1231 binding site polymorphism in the 3'UTR of IFNAR1 is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility. Zhou C, et al. Gene, 2012 Oct 1. PMID 22824466.
    3. Type I IFN receptor and the B cell antigen receptor regulate TLR7 responses via distinct molecular mechanisms. Poovassery JS, et al. J Immunol, 2012 Aug 15. PMID 22786773.
    4. Enterovirus 71 disrupts interferon signaling by reducing the level of interferon receptor 1. Lu J, et al. J Virol, 2012 Apr. PMID 22258259.
    5. Hepatitis B virus X protein inhibits extracellular IFN-α-mediated signal transduction by downregulation of type I IFN receptor. Cho IR, et al. Int J Mol Med, 2012 Apr. PMID 22218495.

    See all (121) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. PTP1B is a specific regulator of IFNAR1 endocytosis.
      Title: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is a key regulator of IFNAR1 endocytosis and a target for antiviral therapies.
    2. common genetic changes in IFNAR1 may influence HCC risk, likely through miR-1231-mediated regulation.
      Title: A miR-1231 binding site polymorphism in the 3'UTR of IFNAR1 is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility.
    3. These new findings reveal distinct and overlapping signaling mechanisms used by B-cell antigen receptor and IFNAR in the regulation of TLR7 tolerance and activation.
      Title: Type I IFN receptor and the B cell antigen receptor regulate TLR7 responses via distinct molecular mechanisms.
    4. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients are found to have the highest serum type I IFN activity; in contrast, the untreated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis population has the lowest levels of endogenous IFN-alpha/beta activity.
      Title: Type I interferon signature is high in lupus and neuromyelitis optica but low in multiple sclerosis.
    5. 2A protease encoded by EV71 as an antagonist of IFNB1 and the protease activity is required for reducing IFNAR1 levels.
      Title: Enterovirus 71 disrupts interferon signaling by reducing the level of interferon receptor 1.
    6. HBX expression downregulates type I IFN receptor, leading to disturbance of extracellular type I IFN signaling.
      Title: Hepatitis B virus X protein inhibits extracellular IFN-α-mediated signal transduction by downregulation of type I IFN receptor.
    7. CLC and IFNAR1 were identified to be overall differentially expressed between early- and late-onset CRC, and are important in the development of early-onset CRC.
      Title: CLC and IFNAR1 are differentially expressed and a global immunity score is distinct between early- and late-onset colorectal cancer.
    8. Activation of type I interferon pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with distinct clinical phenotypes.
      Title: Activation of type I interferon pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with distinct clinical phenotypes.
    9. Early progenitors and mature megakaryocytes, but not platelets, express functional IFNAR and synthetize/release IFN-beta, revealing not only that megakaryo/thrombopoiesis regulation by IFN-I is associated with a specific interaction with its receptor
      Title: Expression and functionality of type I interferon receptor in the megakaryocytic lineage.
    10. IFNalphaR is dispensable on responding CD4+ T cells. Cells derived from transgenic bone marrow are sufficient to restore IFNalphaR-dependent pathways in IFNalphaR-deficient mice.
      Title: Type I IFN-dependent T cell activation is mediated by IFN-dependent dendritic cell OX40 ligand expression and is independent of T cell IFNR expression.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (67)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Seven-day cultured macrophages treated with HIV-1 gp120 exhibit higher levels of type I IFN receptors than that of 1-day cultured monocytes PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    P17181 P46109 CRKL    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 Q9UKB1 FBXW11    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P63244 GNB2L1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 Interferon, alpha 1 IFNA1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P01563 IFNA2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P48551 IFNAR2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P01574 IFNB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P05000 IFNW1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P06239 LCK    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P28482 MAPK1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P27986 PIK3R1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P17612 PRKACA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 Q99873 PRMT1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 Q06124 PTPN11    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P29350 PTPN6    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P08575 PTPRC    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P52630 STAT2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P40763 STAT3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17181 P43403 ZAP70    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:107587 AP2M1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:114457 BTRC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:116887 FBXW11    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Protein-peptide; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:111313 PIK3R1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:117384 PRKD2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:109512 PRMT1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:114203 SOCS1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:112650 STAT2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:112651 STAT3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:112655 STAT6    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:113148 TYK2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109676 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    • Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells
    • Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and...
    • Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
    • Hepatitis C, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hepatitis C, conserved biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
    • Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Influenza A, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Influenza A, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, conserved biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Interferon Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interferon Signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterferons (IFNs) are cytokines that play a central role in initiating immune responses, especially antiviral and antitumor effects. There are three types of IFNs:Type I (IFN-alpha, -beta and others...
    • Interferon alpha/beta signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Interferon alpha/beta signaling, organism-specific biosystemType I interferons (IFNs) are composed of various genes including IFN alpha (IFNA), beta (IFNB), omega, epsilon, and kappa. In humans the IFNA genes are composed of more than 13 subfamily genes, wher...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Measles, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, organism-specific biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Measles, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Measles, conserved biosystemMeasles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. It causes severe immunosuppression favouring secondary bacteri...
    • Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, organism-specific biosystemNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stre...
    • Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, conserved biosystemNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stre...
    • Osteoclast Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Osteoclast Signaling, organism-specific biosystem
      Osteoclast Signaling
    • Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
    • Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
    • PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
    • PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
    • Regulation of IFNA signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Regulation of IFNA signaling, organism-specific biosystemThere are several proteins and mechanisms involved in controlling the extent of ligand stimulation of IFNA/B signaling. These mechanisms can effect every step of the IFNA/B cascade. Dephosphorylation...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    type I interferon receptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    JAK-STAT cascade TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    T cell activation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cell surface receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cytokine-mediated signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    defense response to virus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of interferon-gamma production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    response to virus TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    type I interferon biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    integral to plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Preferred Names
    interferon alpha/beta receptor 1
    Names
    interferon alpha/beta receptor 1
    CRF2-1
    IFN-R-1
    IFN-alpha/beta receptor 1
    interferon-beta receptor 1
    beta-type antiviral protein
    alpha-type antiviral protein
    type I interferon receptor 1
    cytokine receptor class-II member 1
    cytokine receptor family 2 member 1
    interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000629.2 → NP_000620.2  interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK123813, BC021825, BC035603, BG116121, BG548299, BX537636, CA309858, J03171, R15745
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS13624.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P17181
      Related
      ENSP00000270139, OTTHUMP00000067672, ENST00000270139, OTTHUMT00000139823
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam01108
      Location:29 – 114
      Blast Score: 191
      Tissue_fac; Tissue factor
      pfam09294
      Location:126 – 224
      Blast Score: 259
      Interfer-bind; Interferon-alpha/beta receptor, fibronectin type III
      cl00065
      Location:220 – 318
      Blast Score: 133
      FN3; Fibronectin type 3 domain; One of three types of internal repeats found in the plasma protein fibronectin. Its tenth fibronectin type III repeat contains an RGD cell recognition sequence in a flexible loop between 2 strands. Approximately 2% of all ...

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000021.8 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      34697214..34732129
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000153.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      20166044..20200958
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018932.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      25244036..25278948
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic ABBA01057338.1 (1487..36401) None
    genomic AF039907.1 None
    genomic AMYH01012210.1 (1373..36285) None
    genomic AP000296.1 (12642..17557) None
    genomic AP000297.2 None
    genomic AP000298.1 None
    genomic AY654286.1 AAT49100.1
    genomic CH471079.2 EAX09837.1
      EAX09838.1
      EAX09839.1
    genomic X60459.1 CAA42992.1
    mRNA AK123813.1 None
    mRNA AK222770.1 BAD96490.1
    mRNA AK222812.1 BAD96532.1
    mRNA AK298051.1 BAG60345.1
    mRNA AK312631.1 BAG35516.1
    mRNA BC002590.2 AAH02590.1
    mRNA BC014338.1 None
    mRNA BC021825.1 AAH21825.1
    mRNA BC035603.1 None
    mRNA BC065751.1 None
    mRNA BG116121.1 None
    mRNA BG548299.1 None
    mRNA BX537636.1 None
    mRNA CA309858.1 None
    mRNA J03171.1 AAA52730.1
    mRNA R15745.1 None
    other-genetic DQ891323.2 ABM82249.1
    other-genetic DQ894507.2 ABM85433.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P17181.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P17181

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Medical
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous

      Supplemental Content

      Table of contents

      Related information

      • Order cDNA clone
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      • 3D structures
        3D structure of a gene
      • BioAssay
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      • BioAssay, by Protein Target
        BioAssay, by Protein Target
      • BioProjects
        BioProjects related to a gene
      • BioSystems
        BioSystems
      • CCDS
        Links from Gene to CCDS are established if a gene encodes a protein sequence that is a member of a Consensus CDS (CCDS).
      • Conserved Domains
        Conserved Domain Database Links between Entrez Gene and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) are calculated from the domains annotated by the CDD group on Reference Sequence proteins.
      • dbVar
        Link from Gene to dbVar
      • EST
        Link to related EST entry
      • Full text in PMC
        PMC links
      • Full text in PMC_nucleotide
        Full text in PubMedCentral identified from shared sequence links
      • Genome
        Genome records having the gene annotated on corresponding genomic reference sequence.
      • GEO Profiles
        Related GEO
      • HomoloGene
        Links between HomoloGene and Gene are provided by the HomoloGene group when a gene is included in a HomoloGene record.
      • Map Viewer
        These links are maintained by the Map Viewer group and are provided when a GeneID is annotated on a map for the same species.
      • Nucleotide
        Link to related Nucleotide entry
      • OMIM
        Links between OMIM and Gene are calculated by Gene based on MIM numbers included in the summary and phenotype sections of the Gene record.
      • Probe
        Related Probe entry
      • Protein
        Link to related protein entry
      • PubChem Compound
        PubChem Compounds
      • PubChem Substance
        PubChem Substances
      • PubMed
        Links between Gene and PubMed are the result of the following: 1. Manual curation within NCBI. Part of the process of generating a REVIEWED RefSeq is an analysis of the current literature. Papers that are seminal in defining the gene, its sequence, and its function are added to the record at that time. Alert users point out gaps or errors in papers associated with a Gene record. These messages are reviewed and implemented as required. 2. Integration of information from other public databases. Gene integrates gene-citation from resources external to NCBI such as model organism-specific databases, Gene Ontology (GO), groups curating interactions, and sequence databases. The assumption in using these source is that they report citations specific to a gene in a known species. Gene does not process citations from OMIM automatically, because many of citations in OMIM refer to studies of genes in species other than human.
      • PubMed (GeneRIF)
        GeneRIF -- Gene Reference Into Function Staff of the Index Section in the National Library of Medicine review the current literature. When they find articles focused on the structure and function of a gene, they write a brief summary of the impact of the paper and make the connection between the citation (PubMed) and Gene. An interface exists for interested users to submit such data as well. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneRIF/GeneRIFhelp.html
      • PubMed (OMIM)
        Links are provided when Gene has a link to a record in OMIM, and OMIM explicitly cites these publications in PubMed.
      • PubMed(nucleotide/PMC)
        Citations in PubMed identified from shared sequence and PMC links.
      • RefSeq Proteins
        Link to Protein RefSeqs
      • RefSeq RNAs
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeq RNAs
      • SNP
        Related SNP records
      • SNP: GeneView
        SNPs linked from GeneView
      • SNP: Genotype
        Gene Genotype Report
      • Taxonomy
        Link to related taxonomy entry
      • UniGene
        Links are provided between Gene and UniGene when both databases calculate links to the same mRNA record (gi).
      • UniSTS
        Related UniSTS records

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