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    HMGB1 high mobility group box 1 [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 3146, updated on 13-May-2012
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    Summary

    Official Symbol
    HMGB1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    high mobility group box 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:4983
    Locus tag
    RP11-550P23.1
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000189403; HPRD:01228; MIM:163905; Vega:OTTHUMG00000016670
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1; DKFZp686A04236
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    Genomic context

    Location :
    13q12
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 13; NC_000013.10 (31032877..31040081, complement)
    See HMGB1 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 13 - NC_000013.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 426 Neighboring gene ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 5, pseudogene Neighboring gene RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene microfibrillar-associated protein 1 pseudogene 1

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    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
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    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. HMGB1 promotes recruitment of inflammatory cells to damaged tissues by forming a complex with CXCL12 and signaling via CXCR4. Schiraldi M, et al. J Exp Med, 2012 Mar 12. PMID 22370717.
    2. Increased serum levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Dupire G, et al. Scand J Rheumatol, 2012. PMID 22248244.
    3. Interaction between uric acid and HMGB1 translocation and release from endothelial cells. Rabadi MM, et al. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2012 Mar. PMID 22189943.
    4. Gene expression and localization of high-mobility group box chromosomal protein-1 (HMGB-1)in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Terada C, et al. Acta Med Okayama, 2011 Dec. PMID 22189477.
    5. Serum high-mobility group box-1 levels are positively associated with micro- and macroalbuminuria but not with cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Nin JW, et al. Eur J Endocrinol, 2012 Feb. PMID 22127490.

    See all (301) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. Uric acid after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury mediates the the acetylation and release of HMGB1 from endothelial cells by mechanisms that involve calcium mobilization, the MEK/Erk pathway, and activation of TLR4.
      Title: Interaction between uric acid and HMGB1 translocation and release from endothelial cells.
    2. HMGB1-induced recruitment of inflammatory cells depends on CXCL12. HMGB1 and CXCL12 form a heterocomplex that acts exclusively through CXCR4 and not through other HMGB1 receptors.
      Title: HMGB1 promotes recruitment of inflammatory cells to damaged tissues by forming a complex with CXCL12 and signaling via CXCR4.
    3. Serum HMGB1 levels are increased in primary Sjogren's syndrome patients and more specifically in patients with SSA autoantibodies.
      Title: Increased serum levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
    4. Results suggest the involvement of HMGB-1 in the pathogenesis of cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis.
      Title: Gene expression and localization of high-mobility group box chromosomal protein-1 (HMGB-1)in human osteoarthritic cartilage.
    5. a key regulatory role of HMGB1 in PMN recruitment to inflammatory tissues.
      Title: The effect of HMGB1, a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, on polymorphonuclear neutrophil migration depends on its concentration.
    6. The modulation of its secretion and the HMGB1-mediated migration of monocytes indicated HMGB1 as regulator of immune response in essential components of innate immunity.
      Title: HMGB1 and cord blood: its role as immuno-adjuvant factor in innate immunity.
    7. induced in A549 cells by mechanical stress activation of MKK6
      Title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 mediates mechanical stretch-induced high-mobility group box 1 protein expression in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells.
    8. A total of 3 SNPs might act as tag SNPs for the entire HMGB1 gene. The rs2249825 and the haplotype TCG might be used as relevant risk estimate for the development of sepsis and MODS in patients with major trauma.
      Title: Clinical relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the high mobility group box 1 protein gene in patients with major trauma in southwest China.
    9. Both HMGB1 and RAGE participate in the inflammatory process of asthmatic airway. HMGB1 is correlated with the severity of asthma.
      Title: [Changes of HMGB1 and RAGE in induced sputum from patients with bronchial asthma].
    10. Regulation of autophagy by NAC1 was mediated by the high-mobility group box 1
      Title: NAC1 modulates sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by altering the HMGB1-mediated autophagic response.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (241)
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    Phenotypes

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Genome-wide association with MRI atrophy measures as a quantitative trait locus for Alzheimer's disease.

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    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_002119.1 NP_112552.1 HNRNPK    BIND  PubMed HMGB1 interacts with HNRPK (hnRNPK). This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between rat HMGB1 and human HNRPK (hnRNPK). 
    NP_002119.1 NP_004983.1 MECP2    BIND  PubMed HMGB1 interacts with MECP2. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between rat HMGB1 and human MECP2. 
    NP_002119.1 NP_000312.1 RB1    BIND  PubMed HMGB1 interacts with RB1 (pRB). This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between rat HMGB1 and human RB1 (pRB). 
    NP_002119.1 NP_000537.2 TP53    BIND  PubMed p53 interacts with HMG-1. 
    NP_002119.1 CAA72219.1 TP73    BIND  PubMed p73-beta interacts with HMGB1. 
    NP_002119.1 NP_005418.1 TP73    BIND  PubMed p73alpha interacts with HMGB1. 
    P09429 Q08117 AES    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q15109 AGER    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P10275 AR    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q92858 ATOH1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q9UKR5 C14orf1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P42574 CASP3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P17676 CEBPB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q14194 CRMP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P48729 CSNK1A1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P49711 CTCF    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P39880 CUX1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P26358 DNMT1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P50548 ERF    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P55318 FOXA3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q12948 FOXC1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q14469 HES1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P61978 HNRNPK    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P28356 HOXD9    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 O43593 HR    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P14316 IRF2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q5T3J3 LRIF1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P51608 MECP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q99583 MNT    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 O14594 NCAN    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q96NK8 NEUROD6    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P19838 NFKB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P00750 PLAT    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P00747 PLG    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q01860 POU5F1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q06190 PPP2R3A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P17252 PRKCA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P78527 PRKDC    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P15918 RAG1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q9H2L5 RASSF4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P06400 RB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q06330 RBPJ    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q04206 RELA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P22670 RFX1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q8N196 SIX5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P35713 SOX18    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P21675 TAF1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P20226 TBP    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P19532 TFE3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q15583 TGIF1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q04724 TLE1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q04725 TLE2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 O60603 TLR2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 O00206 TLR4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P04637 TP53    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 O15350 TP73    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 Q13432 UNC119    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09429 P26651 ZFP36    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:106675 AES    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:106862 AR    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:116332 C14orf1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:107420 CDK1    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:107777 CREBBP    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:107790 CRMP1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:107836 CSNK1A1    BioGRID  PubMed Co-purification 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:232850 Ccdc15    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:108122 DNM2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:108515 FCP1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109212 GTF2A1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109272 H3F3A    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109391 HMGB2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109431 HNRNPK    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109451 HOXB1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109453 HOXB3    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109463 HOXC6    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109476 HOXD10    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109477 HOXD11    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109472 HOXD3    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109474 HOXD8    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109475 HOXD9    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109544 HSPA8    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:120905 LRIF1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:110368 MECP2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:107845 NCAN    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:110857 NFKB1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109165 NR3C1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:109180 PDIA3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:111260 PGR    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:111343 PLAT    BioGRID  PubMed Co-purification 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:111356 PLG    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:111456 POU5F1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-RNA; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:111767 PTPRZ1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:111832 RAG1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:111860 RB1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:111902 RELA    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:112497 SUMO2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:112771 TBP    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:112943 TLE1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:113010 TP53    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:113014 TP73    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:109389 BioGRID:114548 UNC119    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
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    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    • Homologs of the HMGB1 gene: The HMGB1 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, , dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, fruit fly, mosquito, and C.elegans.

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystemTLR4 is unique among the TLR family in its ability to recruit four adapters to activate two distinct signaling pathways. One pathway is activated by the pair of the adapters Mal or TIRAP (Toll/inter...
    • Activation of DNA fragmentation factor, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Activation of DNA fragmentation factor, organism-specific biosystemDNA fragmentation in response to apoptotic signals is achieved, in part, through the activity of apoptotic nucleases, termed DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) or caspase-activated DNase (CAD) (reviewed ...
    • Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystemAdvanced Glycosylation End- product-specific Receptor (AGER) also known as Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand membrane receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin supe...
    • Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe androgen receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand activated transcription factors. These receptors bind to steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, retinoids and vitamin D among ot...
    • Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
    • Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation, organism-specific biosystemDNA fragmentation in response to apoptotic signals is achieved through the activity of two apoptotic nucleases, termed DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) or caspase-activated DNase (CAD) and endonuclease...
    • Apoptotic execution phase, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Apoptotic execution phase, organism-specific biosystemIn the execution phase of apoptosis, effector caspases cleave vital cellular proteins leading to the morphological changes that characterize apoptosis. These changes include destruction of the nucle...
    • Base excision repair, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Base excision repair, organism-specific biosystemBase excision repair (BER) is the predominant DNA damage repair pathway for the processing of small base lesions, derived from oxidation and alkylation damages. BER is normally defined as DNA repair ...
    • Base excision repair, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Base excision repair, conserved biosystemBase excision repair (BER) is the predominant DNA damage repair pathway for the processing of small base lesions, derived from oxidation and alkylation damages. BER is normally defined as DNA repair ...
    • Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA, organism-specific biosystemPresence of pathogen-associated DNA in cytosol induces type I IFN production. Several intracellular receptors have been implicated to some degree. These include DNA-dependent activator of interferon ...
    • DAI mediated induction of type I IFNs, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      DAI mediated induction of type I IFNs, organism-specific biosystemDNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI), also known as Z-DNA-binding protein-1 (ZBP-1), was reported to initiate innate immune responses in murine L929 cells upon stimulation by multi...
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
    • MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemMammalian myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR)-domain containing adapter protein which plays crucial role in TLR signaling. All TLRs, with only one exception of...
    • MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystemUpon binding of their ligands, TLR7/8 and TLR9 recruit a cytoplasmic adaptor MyD88 and IRAKs, downstream of which the signaling pathways are divided to induce either inflammatory cytokines or type I ...
    • MyD88-independent cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88-independent cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemThe MyD88-independent signaling route utilizes TRAM and TRIF adapters, that are essential for production of both type 1 interferons(IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. TRAM is thought to bridge bet...
    • MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemThe first known downstream component of TLR4 and TLR2 signaling is the adaptor MyD88. Another adapter MyD88-adaptor-like (Mal; also known as TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein or TIRAP) has also b...
    • NFkB and MAP kinases activation mediated by TLR4 signaling repertoire, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      NFkB and MAP kinases activation mediated by TLR4 signaling repertoire, organism-specific biosystemMitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, one of the most ancient and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, is involved in many processes of immune responses. The MAP kinases cascade tr...
    • RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways, organism-specific biosystemRIG-I-like helicases (RLHs) the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) are RNA helicases that recognize viral RNA present within the cytoplasm. F...
    • RIP-mediated NFkB activation via DAI, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      RIP-mediated NFkB activation via DAI, organism-specific biosystemOverexpression of human or murine DAI in human embryonic kidney 293T cells (HEK293T) activated NF-kB-dependent promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Two RHIM-contaning kinases RIP1 and RIP3 are implic...
    • TAK1 activates NFkB by phosphorylation and activation of IKKs complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TAK1 activates NFkB by phosphorylation and activation of IKKs complex, organism-specific biosystemNF-kappaB is sequestered in the cytoplasm in a complex with inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkB). Almost all NF-kappaB activation pathways are mediated by IkB kinase (IKK), which phosphorylates IkB resulting...
    • TRAF6 Mediated Induction of proinflammatory cytokines, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRAF6 Mediated Induction of proinflammatory cytokines, organism-specific biosystemIn human, together with ubiquitin-conjugating E2-type enzymes UBC13 and UEV1A (also known as UBE2V1), TRAF6 catalyses Lys63-linked ubiquitination. It is believed that auto polyubiquitination and oli...
    • TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation, organism-specific biosystemThe TRAF6/TAK1 signal activates a canonical IKK complex, resulting in the activation of NF-kB as well as MAPK cascades leading to the activation of AP-1. Although TRAF6/TAK1 has been implicated in To...
    • TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystemTRAF6 mediates NFkB activation via canonical phosphorylation of IKK complex by TAK1. TRAF6 and TAK1 also regulate MAPK cascades leading to the activation of AP-1.
    • TRIF mediated TLR3 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRIF mediated TLR3 signaling, organism-specific biosystemTIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta (TRIF or TIKAM1) is known to be an essential and exclusive adaptor used by TLR3; all the poly(I:C)-induced pathways leading to NFkB and IRF3 act...
    • Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemLittle is known about TLR10 ligands. It has been established that the receptor homodimerizes upon binding and signals in an MyD88-dependent manner (Hasan U et al 2005; Nyman T et al 2008). It may als...
    • Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 is involved in recognition of peptidoglycan from gram-positive bacteria, bacterial lipoproteins, mycoplasma lipoprotein and mycobacterial products. It is quite possible that recognition of at le...
    • Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as was shown for mammals is expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium, macrophages, and appears to play a central role in mediating the antiviral and in...
    • Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like Receptor 4 is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern receptor well known for it's sensitivity to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is assembled within diverse Gram-negative bacteria,...
    • Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR5 is the receptor for flagellin, the protein that forms bacterial flagella. Unlike most other Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), flagellin does not undergo any posttranslational modif...
    • Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemRNA can serve as a danger signal, both in its double-stranded form (that is associated with viral infection), as well as single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Specifically, guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich...
    • Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemCpG DNA is an unusual Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP). Cytosine methylation exists in mammalian but not bacterial cells, and most (but not all) CpG in the mammalian genome is methylated....
    • Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR1 is expressed by monocytes. TLR1 and TLR2 cotranslationally form heterodimeric complexes on the cell surface and in the cytosol. The TLR2:TLR1 complex recognizes Neisserial PorB and Mycobacterial...
    • Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 and TLR4 recognize different bacterial cell wall components. While TLR4 is trained onto Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide components, TLR2 - in combination with TLR6 - plays a major role in recog...
    • Toll Receptor Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Receptor Cascades, organism-specific biosystemIn human, ten members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family (TLR1-TLR10) have been identified (TLR11 has been found in mouse, but not in human). All TLRs have a similar Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) doma...
    • Viral dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF Complex Activates RIP1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Viral dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF Complex Activates RIP1, organism-specific biosystemReceptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) mediates the activation of interferon-alpha/beta via intermediate activation of IKK/TBK1 or NFkB pathways.
    • amb2 Integrin signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      amb2 Integrin signaling, organism-specific biosystem
      amb2 Integrin signaling

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    DNA binding, bending IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    DNA binding, bending ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    RAGE receptor binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    calcium-dependent protein kinase regulator activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    chemoattractant activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    cytokine activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cytokine activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    damaged DNA binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    double-stranded DNA binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protein kinase activator activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    repressing transcription factor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    single-stranded DNA binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    transcription factor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    DNA ligation involved in DNA repair ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    DNA recombination ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    DNA topological change ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    V(D)J recombination IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    apoptotic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    base-excision repair, DNA ligation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cellular component disassembly involved in apoptosis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    dendritic cell chemotaxis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    eye development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    innate immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    lung development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    myeloid dendritic cell activation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of apoptotic cell clearance IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    neuron projection development ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    positive chemotaxis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of catalytic activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    response to glucocorticoid stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    cell surface IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    condensed chromosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    neuron projection IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    nucleolus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    nucleus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    soluble fraction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    colocalizes_with transcriptional repressor complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Help top of page

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    high mobility group protein B1
    Names
    high mobility group protein B1
    HMG-1
    Amphoterin
    high-mobility group box 1
    high mobility group protein 1
    Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein
    high-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 1
    Help top of page

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_002128.4 → NP_002119.1  high mobility group protein B1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AA430980, AL353648, BC030981
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9335.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P09429
      Related
      ENSP00000345347, OTTHUMP00000018199, ENST00000341423, OTTHUMT00000044359
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd00084
      Location:95 – 143
      Blast Score: 132
      HMG-box; High Mobility Group (HMG)-box is found in a variety of eukaryotic chromosomal proteins and transcription factors. HMGs bind to the minor groove of DNA and have been classified by DNA binding preferences. Two phylogenically distinct groups of Class I ...
      cd01390
      Location:9 – 76
      Blast Score: 152
      HMGB-UBF_HMG-box; HMGB-UBF_HMG-box, class II and III members of the HMG-box superfamily of DNA-binding proteins. These proteins bind the minor groove of DNA in a non-sequence specific fashion and contain two or more tandem HMG boxes. Class II members include non-histone ...

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000013.10 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      31032877..31040081, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000145.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      11850667..11857904, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Help top of page

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AF255609.1 AAF71287.1
    genomic AF281043.1 AAK64599.1
    genomic AL353648.27 CAI15600.1
      CAI15601.1
      CAI15603.1
      CAI15606.1
    genomic CH471075.1 EAX08457.1
      EAX08458.1
      EAX08459.1
      EAX08460.1
      EAX08461.1
      EAX08462.1
    genomic EF157968.1 ABM47301.1
    genomic EU012027.1 ABS29271.1
    genomic U51677.1 AAB08987.1
    mRNA AA430980.1 None
    mRNA AB208998.1 BAD92235.1
    mRNA AK057120.1 BAG51867.1
    mRNA AK122825.1 BAG53745.1
    mRNA AK291494.1 BAF84183.1
    mRNA AK304506.1 BAH14201.1
    mRNA AK310975.1 None
    mRNA AL110194.1 None
    mRNA AY377859.1 AAQ91389.1
    mRNA BC003378.1 AAH03378.1
    mRNA BC030981.1 AAH30981.1
    mRNA BC066889.1 AAH66889.1
    mRNA BC067732.1 AAH67732.1
    mRNA BC141844.1 AAI41845.1
    mRNA BT006940.1 AAP35586.1
    mRNA BT020159.1 AAV38961.1
    mRNA BX647267.1 None
    mRNA CR456863.1 CAG33144.1
    mRNA CR749614.1 CAH18408.1
    mRNA D63874.1 BAA09924.1
    mRNA L13804.1 None
    mRNA L13805.1 None
    mRNA X12597.1 CAA31110.1
    other-genetic BC140013.1 AAI40014.1
    other-genetic BC140018.1 AAI40019.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P09429.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P09429
    Q59GW1 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q59GW1
    Q5T7C0 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5T7C0
    Q5T7C4 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5T7C4
    Q5T7C6 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5T7C6
    Q9NYD7 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9NYD7
    Help top of page

    Additional Links

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
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    Molecular Biology Databases
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