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    HLA-G major histocompatibility complex, class I, G [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3135, updated on 19-May-2013
    Official Symbol
    HLA-Gprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    major histocompatibility complex, class I, Gprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:4964
    Locus tag
    DADB-15K14.8
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000204632; HPRD:00834; MIM:142871; Vega:OTTHUMG00000031157
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    MHC-G
    Summary
    HLA-G belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. HLA-G is expressed on fetal derived placental cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domain, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exon 6 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Location :
    6p21.3
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 6; NC_000006.11 (29794756..29798899)
    See HLA-G in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 7 Neighboring gene MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence G (pseudogene) Neighboring gene HLA complex group 4 pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene HCGVIII-2 pseudogene Neighboring gene MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence F (pseudogene)

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. HLA-G 3' untranslated region 14-base pair deletion: association with poor survival in an HIV-1-infected Zimbabwean population. Larsen MH, et al. J Infect Dis, 2013 Mar 15. PMID 23264673.
    2. HLA-G5 in the blood of leukemia patients and healthy individuals. Poláková K, et al. Leuk Res, 2013 Feb. PMID 23146557.
    3. Immunomodulatory molecules are released from the first trimester and term placenta via exosomes. Kshirsagar SK, et al. Placenta, 2012 Dec. PMID 23107341.
    4. Analysis of HLA-G polymorphisms in couples with implantation failure. Nardi Fda S, et al. Am J Reprod Immunol, 2012 Dec. PMID 23009094.
    5. LINE1 family member is negative regulator of HLA-G expression. Ikeno M, et al. Nucleic Acids Res, 2012 Nov. PMID 23002136.

    See all (521) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. HLA-G*01:03:01 allele was increased in the implantation failure (IF) couples; There were no significant differences in the serum levels of sHLA-G in IF and control groups; results suggest that distribution of HLA-G products may play a role in the modulation of maternal-fetal immune response
      Title: Analysis of HLA-G polymorphisms in couples with implantation failure.
    2. serum and CSF sHLA-G levels in MS could be influenced by HLA-G polymorphisms irrespective of the inflammatory microenvironment.
      Title: Role of HLA-G 14bp deletion/insertion and +3142C>G polymorphisms in the production of sHLA-G molecules in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
    3. The HLA-G 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in father-offspring is associated with severe preeclampsia.
      Title: Association of 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism of the HLA-G gene in father with severe preeclampsia in Chinese.
    4. Data suggest that the immunomodulatory proteins HLA-G5, B7-H1, and B7-H3 are secreted from early and term placenta via exosomes and have important implications in mechanisms by which trophoblast immunomodulators modify maternal immunological milieu.
      Title: Immunomodulatory molecules are released from the first trimester and term placenta via exosomes.
    5. Dopaminergic neurons derived from embryonic stem cells express HLA-G1 for different time periods and are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of mixed T-lymphocytes.
      Title: DA neurons derived from hES cells that express HLA-G1 are capable of immunosuppression.
    6. HLA-G is substantially down-regulated in cultured trophoblast cells from women experiencing recurrent miscarriage.
      Title: In vitro up-regulation of HLA-G using dexamethasone and hydrocortisone in first-trimester trophoblast cells of women experiencing recurrent miscarriage.
    7. genetic polymorphism is associated with acute rejection and cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients from China
      Title: Impact of HLA-G 14-bp polymorphism on acute rejection and cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients from northwestern China.
    8. our results show that the HLA-G rs16375 14-base pair insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with survival in an HIV-infected Zimbabwean population.
      Title: HLA-G 3' untranslated region 14-base pair deletion: association with poor survival in an HIV-1-infected Zimbabwean population.
    9. The results could suggest a role for the decreased sera concentrations of sHLA-G in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.
      Title: The concentrations of soluble HLA-G protein are elevated during mid-gestation and decreased in pre-eclampsia.
    10. There is no correlation between the presence of HLA-G5 in blood of B-CLL patients and the stage of disease, age, and gender.
      Title: HLA-G5 in the blood of leukemia patients and healthy individuals.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (352)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Env, gp160, envelope glycoprotein env HIV-1 gp160-derived peptide p18 presented by H-2Dd class I major histocompatibility complex molecules is processed by angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) prior to T cell stimulation by the peptide p18 PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Treatment of CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 gp120 significantly increases CD4 association with CD3, CD45RA, CD45RB, CD59, CD38, CD26 and HLA class I, and decreases that with CD45RC PubMed
    env Conformational changes in HIV-1 gp120, including an enhanced expression of the V3 loop of gp120 and of epitopes that are exposed upon CD4 binding, are consistent with the formation of a multimolecular complex between HLA class I and gp120/160 PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env Soluble HIV-1 gp41 can selectively enhance MHC class I and II expression on human B cells, but does not increase expression of other cell surface antigens such as CD21 and CD54 (ICAM-1) PubMed
    env Soluble HIV-1 gp41 enhancement effects on MHC class I and II antigen expression can be inhibited by soluble gp41-binding proteins of 45, 49 and 62 kD from human B cells PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp41 selectively enhances MHC class I, ICAM-1, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-omega expression in H9 cells PubMed
    Nef, p27 nef Double (W13A/V16R) and triple (W13A/V16R/M20A) substitution mutants of HIV-1 Nef fail to downregulate MHC-I PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef-mediated downregulation of MHC-I requires Nef motif EEEE(65)-dependent binding to the sorting protein PACS-2, which targets Nef to the paranuclear region and enables Nef PXXP(75) to bind and activate a trans-Golgi network localized Src kinase PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef-induced downregulation of MHC-I expression and MHC-I targeting to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) require the binding of Nef to PACS-1, a molecule that controls the TGN localization of the cellular protein furin PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef downregulates expression of MHC-I by blocking transport of MHC-I molecules to the cell surface through a mechanism that requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity PubMed
    nef Interaction of HIV-1 Nef with the mu subunit of AP adaptor complexes requires the recognition of tyrosine-based sorting signals, which likely facilitates the connection between MHC I and the clathrin-dependent sorting machinery PubMed
    nef A methionine residue at amino acid 20 in the alpha-helix domain is required for the ability of HIV-1 Nef to downregulate MHC-I expression but not for the downregulation of CD4 PubMed
    nef Four glutamic acids from position 62 to 65 in the SH3 domain of HIV-1 Nef bind to the cytoplasmic tail at position 320Y of MHC-I, and are required for the Nef-mediated downregulation of MHC-I from the cell surface PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef downregulates the expression of MHC-I at the surface of lymphoid, monocytic and epithelial cells, causing MHC-I molecules to be rapidly internalized, accumulated in endosomal vesicles and degraded PubMed
    nef Amino acid residue Y320 in the MHC-I cytoplasmic domain and residues E62-65 and P78 in HIV-1 Nef are required for interaction with the mu subunit of AP-1 PubMed
    nef MHC-I is found in the Rab7(+) vesicles and is targeted for degradation via the activity of the Nef-interacting protein, beta-COP PubMed
    nef Deletion of the 19 N-terminal amino acids including the myristoylation signal from HIV-1 Nef inhibits both MHC-I and CD4 downregulation while preserving most CTL, T-helper and B-cell epitopes PubMed
    nef HLA-G, which is mainly expressed in placental tissues and in thymic epithelial cells, resists Nef-induced cell surface downregulation as a result of its short intracytoplasmic domain PubMed
    Tat, p14 tat HIV-1 Tat 47-59 peptide downregulates gene expression of HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G (HLA-G) in U-937 macrophages PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates MHC class I in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and CD8(+) T cells, thereby driving T cell-mediated immune responses PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat represses the MHC class I gene promoter by binding to and repressing TAFII250, a component of the general transcription factor TFIID, suggesting a mechanism for HIV-1 to downregulate MHC class I expression and avoid immune surveillance PubMed
    Vpu, p16 vpu HLA class I-associated immune responses have minor effects on Vpu variability, suggesting that Vpu conformation and function are preserved through many possible combinations of primary and secondary polymorphisms PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    P17693 P61769 B2M    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17693 P01732 CD8A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17693 P53618 COPB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17693 P17693 HLA-G    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17693 Q99706 KIR2DL4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17693 Q13241 KLRD1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17693 Q8NHL6 LILRB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17693 Q8N423 LILRB2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17693 Q03518 TAP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P17693 Q03519 TAP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:107363 CD8A    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:107710 COPB1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:116806 FAF2    BioGRID  PubMed Co-fractionation 
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:109380 HLA-G    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Co-purification 
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:110006 KIR2DL4    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:116070 LILRB1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:115577 LILRB2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:112753 TAP1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:112754 TAP2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:109380 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
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    • Allograft rejection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
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    • Allograft rejection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
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    • Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
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    • Antigen processing and presentation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Antigen processing and presentation, organism-specific biosystem
      Antigen processing and presentation
    • Antigen processing and presentation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Antigen processing and presentation, conserved biosystem
      Antigen processing and presentation
    • Antigen processing-Cross presentation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
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    • Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
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    • Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
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    • Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
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    • ER-Phagosome pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      ER-Phagosome pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe other TAP-dependent cross-presentation mechanism in phagocytes is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagosome model. Desjardins proposed that ER is recruited to the cell surface, where it fuses wit...
    • Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
    • Endocytosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Endocytosis, conserved biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
    • Endosomal/Vacuolar pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Endosomal/Vacuolar pathway, organism-specific biosystemSome antigens are cross-presented through a vacuolar mechanism that involves generation of antigenic peptides and their loading on to MHC-I molecules within the endosomal compartment in a proteasome ...
    • Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
    • Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
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    • Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystemGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells....
    • Graft-versus-host disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
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    • HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
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    • HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
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    • Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
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    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
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    • Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
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    • Interferon Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
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    • Interferon gamma signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
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    • Phagosome, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
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      Proteasome Degradation, organism-specific biosystem
      Proteasome Degradation
    • Type I diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
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    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    protein homodimerization activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    cellular defense response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cytokine-mediated signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of T cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of interleukin-12 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		  
    regulation of immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Golgi membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    MHC class I protein complex IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    early endosome membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    phagocytic vesicle membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Preferred Names
    HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G
    Names
    HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G
    HLA G antigen
    b2 microglobulin
    HLA class I molecule
    MHC class I antigen G
    HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029039.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..9144
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_002127.5 → NP_002118.1  HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL551999, AL645929, DC397107, X17273
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4668.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P17693
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6DU14
      Related
      ENSP00000412927, ENST00000428701
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd07698
      Location:207 – 298
      Blast Score: 355
      IgC_MHC_I_alpha3; Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alpha chain immunoglobulin domain
      pfam00129
      Location:26 – 203
      Blast Score: 878
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_2

    Genomic

    1. NT_113891.2 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_2

      Range
      1310647..1314804
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_3

    Genomic

    1. NT_167245.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_3

      Range
      1095377..1099520
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_4

    Genomic

    1. NT_167246.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_4

      Range
      1095086..1099228
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_5

    Genomic

    1. NT_167247.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_5

      Range
      1095035..1099178
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_6

    Genomic

    1. NT_167248.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_6

      Range
      1095341..1099498
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_7

    Genomic

    1. NT_167249.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_7

      Range
      1132308..1136465
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 PATCHES

    Genomic

    1. NW_003871063.1

      Range
      68756..72472
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_003960994.1 → XP_003961043.1  

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd07698
      Location:212 – 303
      Blast Score: 349
      IgC_MHC_I_alpha3; Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alpha chain immunoglobulin domain
      pfam00129
      Location:31 – 208
      Blast Score: 891
      MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000006.11 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      29794756..29798899
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000138.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      29598096..29602239
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018917.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      29712759..29716899
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AB088083.1 BAC54916.1
    genomic AB201550.1 BAE78597.1
    genomic ABBA01038036.1 (140581..144724) None
    genomic AF020714.1 AAC51863.1
    genomic AF055066.1 AAC24826.1
    genomic AF312697.1 AAK38203.1
    genomic AF523298.1 AAM74993.1
    genomic AF523300.1 AAM74994.1
    genomic AF523301.1 AAM74995.1
    genomic AF523302.1 AAM74996.1
    genomic AF523303.1 AAM74997.1
    genomic AF523304.1 AAM74998.1
    genomic AF523305.1 AAM74999.1
    genomic AF523306.1 AAM75000.1
    genomic AF523307.1 AAM75001.1
    genomic AF523308.1 AAM75002.1
    genomic AF523309.1 AAM75003.1
    genomic AF523310.1 AAM75004.1
    genomic AF523311.1 AAM75005.1
    genomic AL022723.4 CAB46612.1
    genomic AL645929.4 (2322..6465) None
    genomic AL671561.7 (41610..45767) None
    genomic AMYH01016198.1 (31390..35530) None
    genomic AY645760.1 AAT73243.1
    genomic AY645761.1 AAT73244.1
    genomic AY645762.1 AAT73245.1
    genomic AY645763.1 AAT73246.1
    genomic AY645764.1 AAT73247.1
    genomic AY645765.1 AAT73248.1
    genomic AY645766.1 AAT73249.1
    genomic AY645767.1 AAT73250.1
    genomic AY645768.1 AAT73251.1
    genomic AY645769.1 AAT73252.1
    genomic AY645770.1 AAT73253.1
    genomic AY645771.1 AAT73254.1
    genomic AY645772.1 AAT73255.1
    genomic AY645773.1 AAT73256.1
    genomic AY645774.1 AAT73257.1
    genomic AY645775.1 AAT73258.1
    genomic AY645776.1 AAT73259.1
    genomic AY661647.1 AAT76793.1
    genomic AY661648.1 AAT76794.1
    genomic AY661649.1 AAT76795.1
    genomic AY661650.1 AAT76796.1
    genomic AY661651.1 AAT76797.1
    genomic AY661652.1 AAT76798.1
    genomic AY667429.1 AAT74562.1
    genomic AY667430.1 AAT74563.1
    genomic AY667431.1 AAT74564.1
    genomic AY667432.1 AAT74565.1
    genomic AY667433.1 AAT74566.1
    genomic AY672592.1 AAT76964.1
    genomic AY672593.1 AAT76965.1
    genomic AY672594.1 AAT76966.1
    genomic AY672595.1 AAT76967.1
    genomic AY672596.1 AAT76968.1
    genomic AY672597.1 AAT76969.1
    genomic AY672598.1 AAT76970.1
    genomic AY675175.1 AAT81378.1
    genomic AY675176.1 AAT81379.1
    genomic AY675177.1 AAT81380.1
    genomic AY675178.1 AAT81381.1
    genomic AY675179.1 AAT81382.1
    genomic AY675180.1 AAT81383.1
    genomic AY675181.1 AAT81384.1
    genomic AY675182.1 AAT81385.1
    genomic BA000025.2 BAB63336.1
    genomic BX001005.6 (14968..19125) None
    genomic BX247949.9 (12890..17033) None
    genomic BX927141.7 (34171..38313) None
    genomic CH471081.1 EAX03231.1
      EAX03232.1
      EAX03233.1
      EAX03234.1
      EAX03235.1
      EAX03236.1
    genomic CR759769.4 (78179..82322) None
    genomic CR788234.4 (85738..86853) None
    genomic CR925767.6 (68756..72472) None
    genomic CT009517.12 (1000..4027) None
    genomic D67005.2 BAA11031.1
    genomic D67008.2 BAA11032.1
    genomic D67011.2 BAA11033.1
    genomic D78000.2 BAA11185.1
    genomic J03027.1 AAA98745.1
    genomic L07784.1 AAA17890.1
    genomic L20777.1 AAB59351.1
    genomic L78072.1 AAL40074.1
    genomic L78073.1 AAF25961.1
    genomic U65246.1 AAC50997.1
    genomic U97035.1 AAC51855.1
    genomic U97036.1 AAC51856.1
    genomic U97037.1 AAC51857.1
    genomic U97038.1 AAC51858.1
    genomic U97039.1 AAC51859.1
    genomic X60983.1 CAA43298.1
    mRNA AF071017.1 AAC25569.1
    mRNA AF071018.1 AAC25570.1
    mRNA AF071019.1 AAC25571.1
    mRNA AF071020.1 AAC25572.1
    mRNA AF071021.1 AAC25573.1
    mRNA AF071022.1 AAC25574.1
    mRNA AF196177.1 None
    mRNA AF196178.1 None
    mRNA AF226990.2 AAF37570.1
    mRNA AF436089.1 AAL30408.1
    mRNA AK093478.1 None
    mRNA AK302054.1 BAG63444.1
    mRNA AL551999.3 None
    mRNA AY359818.1 AAQ83724.1
    mRNA BC021708.2 AAH21708.1
    mRNA DC397107.1 None
    mRNA M32800.1 AAA59846.1
    mRNA M90683.1 AAA52673.1
    mRNA M90684.1 AAA59836.1
    mRNA M90685.1 AAA58653.1
    mRNA M90686.1 AAA58654.1
    mRNA U58024.1 AAC04369.1
    mRNA U58025.1 AAC04370.1
    mRNA U58026.1 AAC04371.1
    mRNA U58027.1 AAC04372.1
    mRNA U58028.1 AAC04373.1
    mRNA U58029.1 AAC04374.1
    mRNA U58094.1 AAC04375.1
    mRNA U88244.1 AAD45397.1
    mRNA X17273.1 CAA35174.1
    other-genetic DQ896809.2 ABM87808.1
    other-genetic EU176192.1 ABW03643.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P17693.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P17693

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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      Supplemental Content

      Table of contents

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      • Order cDNA clone
        Order cDNA clone
      • 3D structures
        3D structure of a gene
      • BioAssay
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      • BioAssays, RNAi Target,Active
        BioAssays, RNAi Target,Active
      • BioProjects
        BioProjects related to a gene
      • BioSystems
        BioSystems
      • CCDS
        Links from Gene to CCDS are established if a gene encodes a protein sequence that is a member of a Consensus CDS (CCDS).
      • Conserved Domains
        Conserved Domain Database Links between Entrez Gene and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) are calculated from the domains annotated by the CDD group on Reference Sequence proteins.
      • dbVar
        Link from Gene to dbVar
      • EST
        Link to related EST entry
      • Full text in PMC
        PMC links
      • Full text in PMC_nucleotide
        Full text in PubMedCentral identified from shared sequence links
      • Genome
        Genome records having the gene annotated on corresponding genomic reference sequence.
      • GEO Profiles
        Related GEO
      • HomoloGene
        Links between HomoloGene and Gene are provided by the HomoloGene group when a gene is included in a HomoloGene record.
      • Map Viewer
        These links are maintained by the Map Viewer group and are provided when a GeneID is annotated on a map for the same species.
      • MedGen
        Related information in MedGen
      • Nucleotide
        Link to related Nucleotide entry
      • OMIM
        Links between OMIM and Gene are calculated by Gene based on MIM numbers included in the summary and phenotype sections of the Gene record.
      • Probe
        Related Probe entry
      • Protein
        Link to related protein entry
      • PubChem Compound
        PubChem Compounds
      • PubChem Substance
        PubChem Substances
      • PubMed
        Links between Gene and PubMed are the result of the following: 1. Manual curation within NCBI. Part of the process of generating a REVIEWED RefSeq is an analysis of the current literature. Papers that are seminal in defining the gene, its sequence, and its function are added to the record at that time. Alert users point out gaps or errors in papers associated with a Gene record. These messages are reviewed and implemented as required. 2. Integration of information from other public databases. Gene integrates gene-citation from resources external to NCBI such as model organism-specific databases, Gene Ontology (GO), groups curating interactions, and sequence databases. The assumption in using these source is that they report citations specific to a gene in a known species. Gene does not process citations from OMIM automatically, because many of citations in OMIM refer to studies of genes in species other than human.
      • PubMed (GeneRIF)
        GeneRIF -- Gene Reference Into Function Staff of the Index Section in the National Library of Medicine review the current literature. When they find articles focused on the structure and function of a gene, they write a brief summary of the impact of the paper and make the connection between the citation (PubMed) and Gene. An interface exists for interested users to submit such data as well. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneRIF/GeneRIFhelp.html
      • PubMed (OMIM)
        Links are provided when Gene has a link to a record in OMIM, and OMIM explicitly cites these publications in PubMed.
      • PubMed(nucleotide/PMC)
        Citations in PubMed identified from shared sequence and PMC links.
      • RefSeq Proteins
        Link to Protein RefSeqs
      • RefSeq RNAs
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeq RNAs
      • RefSeqGene
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeqGenes
      • SNP
        Related SNP records
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        SNPs linked from GeneView
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        Gene Genotype Report
      • Taxonomy
        Link to related taxonomy entry
      • UniGene
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      • UniSTS
        Related UniSTS records

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