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    CXCL1 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha) [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 2919, updated on 20-May-2012

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    CXCL1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha)provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:4602
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000163739; HPRD:01119; MIM:155730; Vega:OTTHUMG00000160866
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    FSP; GRO1; GROa; MGSA; NAP-3; SCYB1; MGSA-a
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signal through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. Aberrant expression this protein is associated with the growth and progression of certain tumors. A naturally occurring processed form of this protein has increased chemotactic activity. Alternate splicing results in coding and non-coding variants of this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

    Genomic context

    Location :
    4q21
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 4; NC_000004.11 (74735109..74736959)
    See CXCL1 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene pro-platelet basic protein pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene platelet factor 4 variant 1 Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 pseudogene Neighboring gene chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env In endometrial epithelium-derived cells, gp120 from CCR5-tropic HIV-1 increases the release of monocytes/chemokines-attracting chemokines (IL-8 and GRO) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-beta and IL-1alpha) PubMed
    env Production of the C-X-C chemokine growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GRO-alpha) is markedly stimulated by CXCR4-tropic HIV-1; HIV-1 gp120 engagement of CXCR4 initiates the stimulation of GRO-alpha production, which is blocked by antibodies to CXCR4 PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_001502.1 NP_000625.1 CXCR1    BIND  PubMed The amino terminus of CXCR1 interacts with MGSA. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between rabbit CXCR1 and human MGSA. 
    P09341 P09341 CXCL1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09341 P25024 CXCR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09341 P25025 CXCR2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09341 Q16570 DARC    HPRD  PubMed  
    P09341 P14780 MMP9    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:109176 BioGRID:109176 CXCL1    BioGRID  PubMed Co-crystal Structure 
    BioGRID:109176 BioGRID:108808 DARC    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:109176 BioGRID:118815 HIPK2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 

    General gene information

    Markers

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Amoebiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, conserved biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Chemokine receptors bind chemokines, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Chemokine receptors bind chemokines, organism-specific biosystemChemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells, which interact with a type of cytokine called a chemokine. Following interaction, these receptors trigger a flux of i...
    • Chemokine signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chemokine signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemInflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for th...
    • Chemokine signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chemokine signaling pathway, conserved biosystemInflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for th...
    • Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), organism-specific biosystemRhodopsin-like receptors (class A/1) are the largest group of GPCRs and are the best studied group from a functional and structural point of view. They show great diversity at the sequence level and ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystemInflammation is a protective response to infection by the immune system that requires communication between different classes of immune cells to coordinate their actions. Acute inflammation is an imp...
    • Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, organism-specific biosystemTwo major virulence factors of H. pylori are the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and the cag type-IV secretion system (T4SS) and its translocated effector protein, cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA)....
    • Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, conserved biosystemTwo major virulence factors of H. pylori are the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and the cag type-IV secretion system (T4SS) and its translocated effector protein, cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA)....
    • G alpha (i) signalling events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      G alpha (i) signalling events, organism-specific biosystemThe classical signalling mechanism for G alpha (i) is inhibition of the cAMP dependent pathway through inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Decreased production of cAMP from ATP results in decreased act...
    • GPCR downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GPCR downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are classically defined as the receptor, G-protein and downstream effectors, the alpha subunit of the G-protein being the primary signaling molecule. However, it h...
    • GPCR ligand binding, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GPCR ligand binding, organism-specific biosystemThere are more than 800 G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) in the human genome, making it the largest receptor superfamily. GPCRs are also the largest class of drug targets, involved in virtually all...
    • IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL23-mediated signaling events
    • Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Legionellosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, conserved biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
    • NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
    • Peptide ligand-binding receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Peptide ligand-binding receptors, organism-specific biosystemThese receptors, a subset of the Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) family, all bind peptide ligands which include the chemokines, opioids and somatostatins.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • Salmonella infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Salmonella infection, organism-specific biosystemSalmonella infection usually presents as a self-limiting gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever and bacteremia. The common disease-causing Salmonella species in human is a single species, S...
    • Salmonella infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Salmonella infection, conserved biosystemSalmonella infection usually presents as a self-limiting gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever and bacteremia. The common disease-causing Salmonella species in human is a single species, S...
    • Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystemSenescense and Autophagy Pathways in Cancer
    • Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
    • Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven transmembrane domain receptors; heptahelical receptors; G protein-linked receptors [GPLR]) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors i...

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    chemokine activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enzyme activator activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    receptor binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    actin cytoskeleton organization TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    cell proliferation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    chemotaxis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    inflammatory response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    intracellular signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    negative regulation of cell proliferation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    nervous system development TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of catalytic activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    intracellular TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    growth-regulated alpha protein
    Names
    growth-regulated alpha protein
    MGSA alpha
    GRO-alpha(1-73)
    C-X-C motif chemokine 1
    fibroblast secretory protein
    neutrophil-activating protein 3
    melanoma growth stimulatory activity alpha
    GRO1 oncogene (melanoma growth-stimulating activity)
    GRO1 oncogene (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha)

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001511.3NP_001502.1  growth-regulated alpha protein precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the functional protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC092438, BM554448, BM996663
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS47074.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P09341
      Related
      ENSP00000379110, OTTHUMP00000219186, ENST00000395761, OTTHUMT00000362734
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00273
      Location:40102
      Blast Score: 202
      Chemokine_CXC; Chemokine_CXC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members ...

    RNA

    1. NR_046035.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC092438, BG121608, BM996663, X12510

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000004.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      74735109..74736959
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000136.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      70546248..70548098
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC092438.5 (21022..22867) None
    genomic CH471057.1 EAX05693.1
    genomic HI519534.1 CBX54348.1
    genomic JA514411.1 CCD62019.1
    genomic U03018.1 AAA03452.1
    genomic X54489.1 CAA38361.1
    mRNA BC011976.1 AAH11976.1
    mRNA BG121608.1 None
    mRNA BM554448.1 None
    mRNA BM996663.1 None
    mRNA BQ000742.1 None
    mRNA BT006880.1 AAP35526.1
    mRNA CB112830.1 None
    mRNA J03561.1 AAA35933.1
    mRNA X12510.1 CAA31027.1
    other-genetic DQ893591.2 ABM84517.1
    other-genetic DQ894941.2 ABM85867.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P09341.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P09341
    Q6LD34 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6LD34

      Supplemental Content

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