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    PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) [ Bos taurus (cattle) ]

    Gene ID: 282023, updated on 22-May-2013
    Symbol
    PTGS2
    Full Name
    prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)
    Locus tag
    BOS_16112
    See related
    BGD:BT11819; Ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014127
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Bos taurus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos
    Location :
    chromosome: 16
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 16; AC_000173.1 (69263776..69271399, complement)
    See PTGS2 in MapViewer

    Chromosome 16 - AC_000173.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene chromosome 16 open reading frame, human C1orf27 Neighboring gene phosducin Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100138376 Neighboring gene histone H2B type 1-like Neighboring gene phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide administration transiently suppresses luteal structure and function in diestrous cows. Herzog K, et al. Reproduction, 2012 Oct. PMID 22829687.
    2. The 9-cis retinoic acid signaling pathway and its regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 during in vitro maturation of pig cumulus cell-oocyte complexes and effects on parthenogenetic embryo production. Atikuzzaman M, et al. Biol Reprod, 2011 Jun. PMID 21368300.
    3. PTGS2-related PGE2 affects oocyte MAPK phosphorylation and meiosis progression in cattle: late effects on early embryonic development. Nuttinck F, et al. Biol Reprod, 2011 Jun. PMID 21293029.
    4. Epidermal growth factor receptor is an obligatory intermediate for oxytocin-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression and prostaglandin F2 alpha production in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Krishnaswamy N, et al. Endocrinology, 2010 Mar. PMID 20080869.
    5. A whole-genome assembly of the domestic cow, Bos taurus. Zimin AV, et al. Genome Biol, 2009. PMID 19393038.

    See all (19) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. Data suggest that Escherichia coli infections (here, administration of LPS) provokes luteolysis in diestrus, non-lactating cows but no change in expression of PTGS2 in corpus luteum and has no effect on luteinization in the following cycle.
      Title: Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide administration transiently suppresses luteal structure and function in diestrous cows.
    2. This study shows that 9-cis retinoic acid can exert its beneficial effect on parthenogenetic embryo production in pigs by multidimensional pathways affecting oocyte maturation.
      Title: The 9-cis retinoic acid signaling pathway and its regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 during in vitro maturation of pig cumulus cell-oocyte complexes and effects on parthenogenetic embryo production.
    3. This study is the first to report the involvement of PGE2 in oocyte MAPK activation during the maturation process.
      Title: PTGS2-related PGE2 affects oocyte MAPK phosphorylation and meiosis progression in cattle: late effects on early embryonic development.
    4. Inhibitors of c-Src (PP2, 10 microm) and PI3K (LY294002, 25 microm) produced a significant decrease in oxytocin-induced PGF(2 alpha) production and reduced COX2 expression by endometrial epithelial cells.
      Title: Epidermal growth factor receptor is an obligatory intermediate for oxytocin-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression and prostaglandin F2 alpha production in bovine endometrial epithelial cells.
    5. fibronectin fragment induced iNOS and COX-2 expression is downregulated in chondrocyte/agarose constructs
      Title: Dynamic compression inhibits fibronectin fragment induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in chondrocyte/agarose constructs.
    6. The results demonstrate a pathway to the induction of COX-2 by PUFAs requiring NF-kappaB but not PPAR or PKC.
      Title: A PPAR-independent pathway to PUFA-induced COX-2 expression.
    7. COX-2 and FP receptor contribute via changes in amount and distribution to mechanisms associated with parturition.
      Title: Immunohistochemical demonstration of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin receptors EP2 and FP expression in the bovine intercaruncular uterine wall around term.
    8. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that arachidonic acid acts via PPARalpha to increase PTGS2 levels in bovine endometrial stromal cells.
      Title: Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors and the control of levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 by arachidonic acid in the bovine uterus.
    9. Activation of p38 MAPK by PdBu is required for continued presence of PGHS-2 mRNA and secretion of prostaglandin F(2alpha) in BEND cells. Interferon-tau mediates a transcription-dependent mechanism, which induces degradation of PGHS-2 mRNA.
      Title: Interferon-tau induces degradation of prostaglandin H synthase-2 messenger RNA in bovine endometrial cells through a transcription-dependent mechanism.
    10. the PGHS-2 promoter is regulated by bovine upstream stimulatory factor 1 and 2 in preovulatory granulosa cells
      Title: Molecular characterization and role of bovine upstream stimulatory factor 1 and 2 in the regulation of the prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 promoter in granulosa cells.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (13)
    • Arachidonic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Arachidonic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
      Arachidonic acid metabolism
    • Arachidonic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Arachidonic acid metabolism, organism-specific biosystemcomputationally inferred pathway (not manually curated)
    • Arachidonic acid metabolism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Arachidonic acid metabolism, conserved biosystem
      Arachidonic acid metabolism
    • Chemical carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chemical carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystemIt has been estimated that exposure to environmental chemical carcinogens may contribute significantly to the causation of a sizable fraction, perhaps a majority, of human cancers. Human carcinogens ...
    • Chemical carcinogenesis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chemical carcinogenesis, conserved biosystemIt has been estimated that exposure to environmental chemical carcinogens may contribute significantly to the causation of a sizable fraction, perhaps a majority, of human cancers. Human carcinogens ...
    • Eicosanoid Synthesis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Eicosanoid Synthesis, organism-specific biosystemIn biochemistry, eicosanoids are signaling molecules made by oxidation of twenty-carbon essential fatty acids, (EFAs). They exert complex control over many bodily systems, mainly in inflammation or i...
    • Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemcomputationally inferred pathway (not manually curated)
    • Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystemcomputationally inferred pathway (not manually curated)
    • NF-kappa B signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      NF-kappa B signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemNuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is the generic name of a family of transcription factors that function as dimers and regulate genes involved in immunity, inflammation and cell survival. There are...
    • Ovarian steroidogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Ovarian steroidogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThe ovarian steroids, 17-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), are critical for normal uterine function, establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and mammary gland development. Furthermore, the lo...
    • Ovarian steroidogenesis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Ovarian steroidogenesis, conserved biosystemThe ovarian steroids, 17-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), are critical for normal uterine function, establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and mammary gland development. Furthermore, the lo...
    • Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
      Pathways in cancer
    • Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, organism-specific biosystemEndogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) serve as retrograde messengers at synapses in various regions of the brain. The family of endocannabinoids includes at least five derivatives of arachidonic...
    • Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, conserved biosystemEndogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) serve as retrograde messengers at synapses in various regions of the brain. The family of endocannabinoids includes at least five derivatives of arachidonic...
    • Serotonergic synapse, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Serotonergic synapse, organism-specific biosystemSerotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays important roles in physiological functions such as learning and memory, emotion, sleep, pain, motor function and endoc...
    • Small cell lung cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Small cell lung cancer, organism-specific biosystemLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men and women in industrialized countries. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm, which accounts for approximately 25% ...
    • Small cell lung cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Small cell lung cancer, conserved biosystemLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men and women in industrialized countries. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm, which accounts for approximately 25% ...
    • Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives, organism-specific biosystemcomputationally inferred pathway (not manually curated)
    • Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX), organism-specific biosystemcomputationally inferred pathway (not manually curated)
    • VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...
    • VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    heme binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    peroxidase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    cyclooxygenase pathway ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    prostaglandin biosynthetic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    response to oxidative stress IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    endoplasmic reticulum membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Preferred Names
    prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
    Names
    prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
    COX-2
    PGHS-2
    PHS II
    PGH synthase 2
    cyclooxygenase-2
    prostaglandin H2 synthase 2
    NP_776870.1

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_174445.2 → NP_776870.1  prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      AF031698
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O62698
      Related
      ENSBTAP00000018774, ENSBTAT00000018774
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd00054
      Location:19 – 55
      Blast Score: 91
      EGF_CA; Calcium-binding EGF-like domain, present in a large number of membrane-bound and extracellular (mostly animal) proteins. Many of these proteins require calcium for their biological function and calcium-binding sites have been found to be located at the ...
      cd09816
      Location:75 – 562
      Blast Score: 1938
      prostaglandin_endoperoxide_synthase; Animal prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and related bacterial proteins

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 6.1

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference Bos_taurus_UMD_3.1 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. AC_000173.1 Reference Bos_taurus_UMD_3.1 Primary Assembly

      Range
      69263776..69271399, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate Btau_4.6.1

    Genomic

    1. NC_007314.4 Alternate Btau_4.6.1

      Range
      65373125..65380748, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AAFC03044569.1 (3997..11620) None
    genomic AF031699.1 AAC28562.1
    genomic DAAA02043637.1 (12390..20013) None
    genomic GJ062488.1 DAA20948.1 Hereford
    mRNA AF004944.1 AAC05592.1
    mRNA AF031698.1 AAC04702.1
    mRNA AF145750.1 AAD33956.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O62698.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O62698

    Additional Links

    • INRA, French National Institute of Agricultural Research PTGS2
    • UCSC UCSC
    • UniGene Bt.15758

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Miscellaneous

      Supplemental Content

      Table of contents

      Related information

      • BioAssay, by Protein Target
        BioAssay, by Protein Target
      • BioProjects
        BioProjects related to a gene
      • BioSystems
        BioSystems
      • Conserved Domains
        Conserved Domain Database Links between Entrez Gene and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) are calculated from the domains annotated by the CDD group on Reference Sequence proteins.
      • dbVar
        Link from Gene to dbVar
      • Full text in PMC
        PMC links
      • Full text in PMC_nucleotide
        Full text in PubMedCentral identified from shared sequence links
      • Genome
        Genome records having the gene annotated on corresponding genomic reference sequence.
      • GEO Profiles
        Related GEO
      • HomoloGene
        Links between HomoloGene and Gene are provided by the HomoloGene group when a gene is included in a HomoloGene record.
      • Map Viewer
        These links are maintained by the Map Viewer group and are provided when a GeneID is annotated on a map for the same species.
      • Nucleotide
        Link to related Nucleotide entry
      • Probe
        Related Probe entry
      • Protein
        Link to related protein entry
      • PubChem Compound
        PubChem Compounds
      • PubChem Substance
        PubChem Substances
      • PubMed
        Links between Gene and PubMed are the result of the following: 1. Manual curation within NCBI. Part of the process of generating a REVIEWED RefSeq is an analysis of the current literature. Papers that are seminal in defining the gene, its sequence, and its function are added to the record at that time. Alert users point out gaps or errors in papers associated with a Gene record. These messages are reviewed and implemented as required. 2. Integration of information from other public databases. Gene integrates gene-citation from resources external to NCBI such as model organism-specific databases, Gene Ontology (GO), groups curating interactions, and sequence databases. The assumption in using these source is that they report citations specific to a gene in a known species. Gene does not process citations from OMIM automatically, because many of citations in OMIM refer to studies of genes in species other than human.
      • PubMed (GeneRIF)
        GeneRIF -- Gene Reference Into Function Staff of the Index Section in the National Library of Medicine review the current literature. When they find articles focused on the structure and function of a gene, they write a brief summary of the impact of the paper and make the connection between the citation (PubMed) and Gene. An interface exists for interested users to submit such data as well. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneRIF/GeneRIFhelp.html
      • PubMed(nucleotide/PMC)
        Citations in PubMed identified from shared sequence and PMC links.
      • RefSeq Proteins
        Link to Protein RefSeqs
      • RefSeq RNAs
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeq RNAs
      • SNP
        Related SNP records
      • SNP: GeneView
        SNPs linked from GeneView
      • Taxonomy
        Link to related taxonomy entry
      • UniGene
        Links are provided between Gene and UniGene when both databases calculate links to the same mRNA record (gi).
      • UniSTS
        Related UniSTS records

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