- Activation of the mRNA upon binding of the cap-binding complex and eIFs, and subsequent binding to 43S, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activation of the mRNA upon binding of the cap-binding complex and eIFs, and subsequent binding to 43S, organism-specific biosystemThe cap-binding complex is constituted by the initiation factors eIF4A, eIF4G and eIF4E. First, eIF4E must be released from the inactive eIF4E:4E-BP complex. Then eIF4A interacts with eIF4G, and eIF...
- Cap-dependent Translation Initiation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cap-dependent Translation Initiation, organism-specific biosystemTranslation initiation is a complex process in which the Met-tRNAi initiator, 40S, and 60S ribosomal subunits are assembled by eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) into an 80S ribosome at the start c...
- Deadenylation of mRNA, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Deadenylation of mRNA, organism-specific biosystemDeadenylation of mRNA proceeds in two steps. According to current models, in the first step the poly(A) tail is shortened from about 200 adenosine residues to about 80 residues by the PAN2-PAN3 compl...
- Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay, organism-specific biosystemAfter undergoing rounds of translation, mRNA is normally destroyed by the deadenylation-dependent pathway. Though the trigger is unclear, deadenylation likely proceeds in two steps: one catalyzed by...
- Destabilization of mRNA by AUF1 (hnRNP D0), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Destabilization of mRNA by AUF1 (hnRNP D0), organism-specific biosystemAUF1 (hnRNP D0) dimers bind U-rich regions of AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs. The binding causes AUF1 dimers to assemble into higher order tetrameric complexes. Dipho...
- Eukaryotic Translation Initiation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation, organism-specific biosystemInitiation of translation in the majority of eukaryotic cellular mRNAs depends on the 5'-cap (m7GpppN) and involves ribosomal scanning of the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) for an initiating AUG sta...
- Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystemGene Expression covers the pathways by which genomic DNA is transcribed to yield RNA, the regulation of these transcription processes, and the pathways by which newly-made RNA Transcripts are process...
- L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression, organism-specific biosystemWhile circularization of mRNA during translation initiation is thought to contribute to an increase in the efficiency of translation, it also appears to provide a mechanism for translational silencin...
- Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystemProtein metabolism comprises the pathways of translation, post-translational modification and protein folding.
- Nonsense Mediated Decay Enhanced by the Exon Junction Complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nonsense Mediated Decay Enhanced by the Exon Junction Complex, organism-specific biosystemDuring normal translation termination eRF3 associates with the ribosome and then interacts with PABP bound to the polyadenylate tail of the mRNA to release the ribosome and allow a new round of trans...
- Nonsense Mediated Decay Independent of the Exon Junction Complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nonsense Mediated Decay Independent of the Exon Junction Complex, organism-specific biosystemNonsense-mediated decay has been observed with mRNAs that do not have an exon junction complex (EJC) downstream of the termination codon (reviewed in Isken and Maquat 2007, Chang et al. 2007, Behm-An...
- Nonsense-Mediated Decay, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nonsense-Mediated Decay, organism-specific biosystemThe Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD) pathway activates the destruction of mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTCs) (reviewed in Isken and Maquat 2007, Chang et al. 2007, Behm-Ansmant et al. ...
- RNA degradation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
RNA degradation, organism-specific biosystemThe correct processing, quality control and turnover of cellular RNA molecules are critical to many aspects in the expression of genetic information. In eukaryotes, two major pathways of mRNA decay e...
- RNA degradation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
RNA degradation, conserved biosystemThe correct processing, quality control and turnover of cellular RNA molecules are critical to many aspects in the expression of genetic information. In eukaryotes, two major pathways of mRNA decay e...
- RNA transport, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
RNA transport, organism-specific biosystemRNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is fundamental for gene expression. The different RNA species that are produced in the nucleus are exported through the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) ...
- RNA transport, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
RNA transport, conserved biosystemRNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is fundamental for gene expression. The different RNA species that are produced in the nucleus are exported through the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) ...
- Regulation of mRNA Stability by Proteins that Bind AU-rich Elements, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of mRNA Stability by Proteins that Bind AU-rich Elements, organism-specific biosystemRNA elements rich in adenine and uracil residues (AU-rich elements) bind specific proteins which either target the RNA for degradation or, more rarely, stabilize the RNA. The activity of the AU-eleme...
- Translation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Translation, organism-specific biosystemProtein synthesis is accomplished through the process of translation of an mRNA sequence into a polypeptide chain. This process can be divided into three distinct stages: initiation, elongation and ...
- Translation Factors, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Translation Factors, organism-specific biosystemProtein synthesis is the ultimate step of gene expression and a key control point for regulation. In particular, it enables cells to rapidly manipulate protein production without new mRNA synthesis, ...
- Translation initiation complex formation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Translation initiation complex formation, organism-specific biosystemThe translation initiation complex forms when the 43S complex binds the mRNA that is associated with eIF4F, eIF4B and eIF4H. eIF4G in the eIF4F complex can directly contact eIF3 in the 43S complex. e...
- mRNA surveillance pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
mRNA surveillance pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mRNA surveillance pathway is a quality control mechanism that detects and degrades abnormal mRNAs. These pathways include nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), nonstop mRNA decay (NSD), and no-go ...
- mRNA surveillance pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
mRNA surveillance pathway, conserved biosystemThe mRNA surveillance pathway is a quality control mechanism that detects and degrades abnormal mRNAs. These pathways include nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), nonstop mRNA decay (NSD), and no-go ...