GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [ Homo sapiens ]

Gene ID: 2597, updated on 20-May-2012

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Summary

Official Symbol: GAPDHprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:4141
Locus tag: CDABP0047
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000111640; HPRD:00713; MIM:138400; Vega:OTTHUMG00000137379
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: G3PD; GAPD; MGC88685
Summary: The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The enzyme exists as a tetramer of identical chains. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

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Genomic context

Location :: 12p13

Sequence :: Chromosome: 12; NC_000012.11 (6643657..6647536)

See GAPDH in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

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Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Genomic Sequence

Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

Go to reference sequence details

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Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

Akt2 kinase suppresses glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-mediated apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via phosphorylating GAPDH at threonine 237 and decreasing its nuclear translocation
Title: Akt2 kinase suppresses glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-mediated apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via phosphorylating GAPDH at threonine 237 and decreasing its nuclear translocation.
these results show that GAPDH-depleted cells establish senescence phenotype, as revealed by proliferation arrest, changes in morphology, SA-beta-galactosidase staining, and more than 2-fold up-regulation of senescence-associated genes DEC1 and GLB1.
Title: Accelerated cellular senescence phenotype of GAPDH-depleted human lung carcinoma cells.
in the absence of PABP, the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH translocated to the cell nucleus and activated the GAPDH mediated apoptotic pathway by enhancing acetylation and serine 46 phosphorylation of p53.
Title: In the absence of cellular poly (A) binding protein, the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH translocated to the cell nucleus and activated the GAPDH mediated apoptotic pathway by enhancing acetylation and serine 46 phosphorylation of p53.
In MCF-7 cells, the activation of HIF1 on the novel hypoxia response element contributes to the breast cancer-specific hypoxic induction of GAPDH gene expression and absolutely depends on the presence of Sp1 on the GC-box.
Title: Up-regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene expression by HIF-1 activity depending on Sp1 in hypoxic breast cancer cells.
p53 regulates biosynthesis through direct inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Title: p53 regulates biosynthesis through direct inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH regulates the gene expression of ccn2 mRNA in trans by acting as a sensor of oxidative stress and redox signals, leading to CCN2 overexpression under the condition of hypoxia and promotion of angiogenesis.
Title: Binding of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to the cis-acting element of structure-anchored repression in ccn2 mRNA.
GAPDH was identified as a binding protein on the plasma membrane of CEM-SS leukemia cells for Bt18 parasporal protein.
Title: Identification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a binding protein for a 68-kDa Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein cytotoxic against leukaemic cells.
The study demonstrated that GAPDH is reliable as reference gene for quantitative gene expression analysis in human diploid fibroblasts.
Title: Effect of experimental treatment on GAPDH mRNA expression as a housekeeping gene in human diploid fibroblasts.
Shear stress especially induced sustained increases in the expression of Annexin A2 and GAPDH in a comparative proteome analysis of effect of shear stress on HMSCs.
Title: Proteomic profiling of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under shear stress.
Observational study and meta-analysis of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Association and heterogeneity at the GAPDH locus in Alzheimer's disease.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (73)

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Phenotypes

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs	Description
NP_002037.2	NP_006363.3	SYNCRIP	BIND	PubMed	NSAP-1 interacts with GAPDH.
P04406	P60709	ACTB	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P05067	APP	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P10275	AR	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	ADP ribosylation factor related protein 2	ARL15	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P54259	ATN1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P54253	ATXN1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P07738	BPGM	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q9BX70	BTBD2	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q14012	CAMK1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q13554	CAMK2B	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q16566	CAMK4	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q99653	CHP	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P63167	DYNLL1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P00533	EGFR	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	O75344	FKBP6	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P04406	GAPDH	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q13255	GRM1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	O43504	HBXIP	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q14541	HNF4G	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P42858	HTT	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q92993	KAT5	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q16363	LAMA4	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q99972	MYOC	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q96RI1	NR1H4	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q15102	PAFAH1B3	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q9UN74	PCDHA4	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q13087	PDIA2	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P00558	PGK1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	O14939	PLD2	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Protein phosphatase 1E	PPM1E	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q06830	PRDX1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P41743	PRKCI	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	O00231	PSMD11	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P61019	RAB2A	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P15927	RPA2	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P06703	S100A6	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P50453	SERPINB9	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q8IUQ4	SIAH1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P11166	SLC2A1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P14672	SLC2A4	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	Q6EEV6	SUMO4	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	P04183	TK1	HPRD	PubMed
P04406	O94811	TPPP	HPRD	PubMed
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:106585	ACTC1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:106798	ANXA1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:106807	ANXA7	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:106862	AR	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:120080	ARL15	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:112217	ATXN1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:107106	BID	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:120778	BTBD2	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:107315	CBL	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:107332	CCNB1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:107358	CD4	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:107460	CDKN1A	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:107463	CDKN2A	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:108014	GADD45A	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:114094	GAS7	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:109068	GOT2	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:109187	GSK3B	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:115796	HBXIP	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:109514	HES1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:109416	HNF4G	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:109314	HTT	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:109938	KARS	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:115326	KCNE3	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:110104	LAMA4	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111580	MAPK1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:204968	Mapk13	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:110868	NFYC	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:110924	NPAT	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:115296	NR1H4	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:114617	OSMR	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:117747	OSTF1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111087	PAFAH1B3	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:121084	PCDHA4	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111142	PCNA	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:122240	PDIA2	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111354	PLD2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111447	POU2F1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111448	POU2F2	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111456	POU5F1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-RNA
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111512	PPP2R2A	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111089	PRDX1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111570	PRKCI	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111578	PRKG1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:120792	PRPF40A	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111657	PSMA3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111689	PSMD11	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111719	PTK2	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-fractionation
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:123869	QRICH2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:115480	RBM5	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:112038	RPA2	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:111290	SERPINB9	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:112316	SET	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:116983	SIRT1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:112490	SMN1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:112506	SNCA	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:116162	STIP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:113188	SUMO1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:132223	SUMO4	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:112938	TK1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:113146	TXN	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:113164	UBC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:118895	USP25	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:113363	YWHAE	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108868	BioGRID:116168	YWHAQ	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
NAD binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
NADP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
oxidoreductase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
carbohydrate metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
gluconeogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
glucose metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
glycolysis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info
glycolysis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
neuron apoptosis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
protein stabilization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
small molecule metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytoplasm	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info
cytosol	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

Preferred Names: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Names: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; aging-associated gene 9 protein; peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH

NP_002037.2

EC 1.2.1.12

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NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_007073.2 RefSeqGene

Range

4929..8881

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001256799.1 → NP_001243728.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and coding region compared to variant 1. These differences cause translation initiation at a downstream AUG and result in an isoform (2) with a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

BC009081, BG724119, BI463134

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E7EUT4

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P04406

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cl15856
Location:115 – 272
Blast Score: 706

Gp_dh_C; Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, C-terminal domain

cl09931
Location:1 – 109
Blast Score: 468

NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins
NM_002046.4 → NP_002037.2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

BC009081, BU155402

Consensus CDS

CCDS8549.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P04406

Related

ENSP00000229239, OTTHUMP00000174430, ENST00000229239, OTTHUMT00000268059

Conserved Domains (3) summary

PTZ00023
Location:4 – 335
Blast Score: 1345

PTZ00023; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Provisional

cl15856
Location:157 – 314
Blast Score: 705

Gp_dh_C; Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, C-terminal domain

cl09931
Location:4 – 152
Blast Score: 616

NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000012.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Range

6643657..6647536

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000144.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

6497901..6501780

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

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Related Sequences

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	AC006064.10 (91597..95449)	None
genomic	AY340484.1	AAP88932.1
genomic	CH471116.2	EAW88786.1
		EAW88787.1
genomic	J04038.1	AAA53191.1
mRNA	AB062273.1	BAB93466.1
mRNA	AF261085.1	AAF99678.1
mRNA	AJ844644.1	CAH59755.1
mRNA	AJ844645.1	CAH59756.1
mRNA	AK026525.1	None
mRNA	AK299448.1	BAG61421.1
mRNA	AK308198.1	None
mRNA	AY007133.1	AAG01996.1
mRNA	AY633612.1	AAV33305.1
mRNA	BC001601.1	AAH01601.1
mRNA	BC004109.2	AAH04109.1
mRNA	BC009081.1	AAH09081.1
mRNA	BC013310.2	AAH13310.1
mRNA	BC020308.1	None
mRNA	BC023632.2	AAH23632.1
mRNA	BC025925.1	AAH25925.1
mRNA	BC026907.1	AAH26907.1
mRNA	BC029340.1	None
mRNA	BC029618.1	AAH29618.1
mRNA	BC083511.1	AAH83511.1
mRNA	BG724119.1	None
mRNA	BI463134.1	None
mRNA	BT006893.1	AAP35539.1
mRNA	BU155402.1	None
mRNA	CR407671.1	CAG28599.1
mRNA	DQ403057.1	ABD77190.1
mRNA	EF036498.1	ABO65084.1
mRNA	HQ727992.1	AET97565.1
mRNA	J02642.1	AAA52496.1
mRNA	M17851.1	AAA86283.1
mRNA	M28283.1	AAA52519.1
mRNA	M33197.1	AAA52518.1
mRNA	M36164.1	None
mRNA	X01677.1	CAA25833.1
mRNA	X53778.1	CAA37794.1
other-genetic	DQ891557.2	ABM82483.1
other-genetic	DQ894744.2	ABM85670.1

Protein Accession	Links
Protein Accession	GenPept Link	UniProtKB Link
P04406.3	GenPept	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P04406
Q0QET7	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q0QET7
Q16768	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q16768
Q2TSD0	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q2TSD0
Q5ZEY3	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5ZEY3
Q5ZEY4	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q5ZEY4