- Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystemAdaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response efficiently involved in clearing the pathogens. The adaptive immune system is comprised of B and T lymphocytes that express receptors with...
- Adherens junction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Adherens junction, organism-specific biosystemCell-cell adherens junctions (AJs), the most common type of intercellular adhesions, are important for maintaining tissue architecture and cell polarity and can limit cell movement and proliferation....
- Adherens junction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Adherens junction, conserved biosystemCell-cell adherens junctions (AJs), the most common type of intercellular adhesions, are important for maintaining tissue architecture and cell polarity and can limit cell movement and proliferation....
- Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystemAxon guidance / axon pathfinding is the process by which neurons send out axons to reach the correct targets. Growing axons have a highly motile structure at the growing tip called the growth cone, w...
- Constitutive PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Constitutive PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemClass IA PI3K is a heterodimer of a p85 regulatory subunit (encoded by PIK3R1, PIK3R2 or PIK3R3) and a p110 catalytic subunit (encoded by PIK3CA, PIK3CB or PIK3CD). In the absence of activating signa...
- DAP12 interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
DAP12 interactions, organism-specific biosystemDNAX activation protein of 12kDa (DAP12) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-bearing adapter molecule that transduces activating signals in natural killer (NK) and myeloid cel...
- DAP12 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
DAP12 signaling, organism-specific biosystemIn response to receptor ligation, the tyrosine residues in DAP12's immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) are phosphorylated by Src family kinases. These phosphotyrosines form the dock...
- Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
- Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
- Downstream Signaling Events Of B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream Signaling Events Of B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystemSecond messengers (calcium, diacylglycerol, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and phosphatidyinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) trigger signaling pathways: NF-kappaB is activated via protein kinase C beta, RA...
- Downstream signal transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream signal transduction, organism-specific biosystemThe role of autophosphorylation sites on PDGF receptors are to provide docking sites for downstream signal transduction molecules which contain SH2 domains. The SH2 domain is a conserved motif of aro...
- Downstream signaling of activated FGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR, organism-specific biosystemSignaling via FGFRs is mediated via direct recruitment of signaling proteins that bind to tyrosine auto-phosphorylation sites on the activated receptor and via closely linked docking proteins that be...
- Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystem
Endochondral Ossification
- FGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
FGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
FGF signaling pathway
- FGFR ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFR ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystemThe FGFs are a family of 22 secreted glycoproteins that are sequestered in the extracellular matrix (ECM) through their interaction with heparin and heparin sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Release o...
- FGFR1 ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFR1 ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystemThe vertebrate fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is alternatively spliced generating multiple variants that are differentially expressed during embryo development and in the adult body. The...
- FGFR1c and Klotho ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFR1c and Klotho ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystemFGF23 is a member of the endocrine subfamily of FGFs. It is produced in bone tissue and regulates kidney functions. Klotho is essential for endogenous FGF23 function as it converts FGFR1c into a spec...
- FGFR1c ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFR1c ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway depicts the binding of an experimentally-verified range of ligands to FGFR1c. While binding affinities may vary considerably within this set, the ligands listed have been established to ...
- FRS2-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FRS2-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe FRS family of scaffolding adaptor proteins has two members, FRS2alpha and FRS2beta (also known as FRS3 or SNT-2). Activation of FGFR tyrosine kinase allows FRS2 proteins to become phosphorylated...
- GAB1 signalosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
GAB1 signalosome, organism-specific biosystemGAB1 is recruited to the activated EGFR indirectly, through GRB2. GAB1 acts as an adaptor protein that enables formation of an active PIK3, through recruitment of PIK3 regulatory subunit PIK3R1 (also...
- Glypican 1 network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Glypican 1 network, organism-specific biosystem
Glypican 1 network
- IGF1R signaling cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
IGF1R signaling cascade, organism-specific biosystemAfter autophosphorylation the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) binds and phosphorylates scaffold proteins, IRS1/2/4 and SHC1, which in turn bind effectors possessing enzymatic activ...
- IRS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
IRS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystemRelease of phospho-IRS from the insulin receptor triggers a cascade of signalling events via PI3K, SOS, RAF and the MAP kinases.
- IRS-related events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
IRS-related events, organism-specific biosystemIRS is one of the mediators of insulin signalling events. It is activated by phosphorylation and triggers a cascade of events involving PI3K, SOS, RAF and the MAP kinases. The proteins mentioned unde...
- IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphorylated type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor phosphorylates IR1, IRS2, IRS4 and possibly other IRS/DOK family members (reviewed in Pavelic et al. 2007, Chitnis et al. 2008, Maki et a...
- Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
- Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
- Insulin receptor signalling cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Insulin receptor signalling cascade, organism-specific biosystemAutophosphorylation of the insulin receptor triggers a series of signalling events, mediated by SHC or IRS, and resulting in activation of the Ras/RAF and MAP kinase cascades. A second effect of the ...
- Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
- Klotho-mediated ligand binding, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Klotho-mediated ligand binding, organism-specific biosystemThe endocrine FGFs (19, 21 and 23) have lower affinity for heparin and HSPG compared to their paracrine or autocrine coutnerparts. Binding of these ligands to their receptors is generally aided by t...
- L1CAM interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
L1CAM interactions, organism-specific biosystemThe L1 family of cell adhesion molecules (L1CAMs) are a subfamily of the immunoglobulin superfamily of transmembrane receptors, comprised of four structurally related proteins: L1, Close Homolog of L...
- MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- Melanoma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Melanoma, organism-specific biosystemMelanoma is a form of skin cancer that has a poor prognosis and which is on the rise in Western populations. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes...
- Melanoma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Melanoma, conserved biosystemMelanoma is a form of skin cancer that has a poor prognosis and which is on the rise in Western populations. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes...
- N-cadherin signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
N-cadherin signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
N-cadherin signaling events
- NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, organism-specific biosystemThe neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and is involved in a variety of cellular processes of importance for the formation and maintenance of the n...
- NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemTrk receptors signal from the plasma membrane and from intracellular membranes, particularly from early endosomes. Signalling from the plasma membrane is fast but transient; signalling from endosomes...
- Negative regulation of FGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Negative regulation of FGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystemOnce activated, the FGFR signaling pathway is regulated by numerous negative feedback mechanisms. These include downregulation of receptors through CBL-mediated ubiquitination and endocytosis, ERK-m...
- Neural Crest Differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Neural Crest Differentiation, organism-specific biosystemGene regulatory network model of cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) development, adaped from PMID: 19575671. Most interactions in the model are proposed to regulate transcription of core factors involv...
- PI-3K cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI-3K cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe ability of growth factors to protect from apoptosis is primarily due to the activation of the AKT survival pathway. P-I-3-kinase dependent activation of PDK leads to the activation of AKT which i...
- PI3K Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K Cascade, organism-specific biosystem
PI3K Cascade
- PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemERBB2:ERBB3 and ERBB2:ERBB4cyt1 heterodimers activate PI3K signaling by direct binding of PI3K regulatory subunit p85 (Yang et al. 2007, Cohen et al. 1996, Kaushansky et al. 2008) to phosphorylated t...
- PI3K events in ERBB4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K events in ERBB4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe CYT1 isoforms of ERBB4 possess a C-tail tyrosine residue that, upon trans-autophosphorylation, serves as a docking site for the p85 alpha subunit of PI3K - PIK3R1 (Kaushansky et al. 2008, Cohen e...
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
- PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway describes how normal signaling by PI3K/AKT, presented in the contained module 'PIP3 Activates AKT Signaling' and recently reviewed by Manning and Cantley in 2007, is perturbed in cancer,...
- PI3K/AKT activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K/AKT activation, organism-specific biosystemPI3K/AKT signalling is a major regulator of neuron survival. It blocks cell death by both impinging on the cytoplasmic cell death machinery and by regulating the expression of genes involved in cell...
- PIP3 activates AKT signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PIP3 activates AKT signaling, organism-specific biosystemSignaling by AKT is one of the key outcomes of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation. AKT is activated by the cellular second messenger PIP3, a phospholipid that is generated by PI3K. In ustimula...
- Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Pathways in cancer
- Phospholipase C-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Phospholipase C-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystemPhospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) is a substrate of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and other receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. It is known that the src homology region 2 (SH2 dom...
- Prostate cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Prostate cancer, organism-specific biosystemProstate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of...
- Prostate cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Prostate cancer, conserved biosystemProstate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of...
- Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
- Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
- Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystemhttp://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway/hsa/hsa04810.html
- Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
- Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, conserved biosystem
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
- SHC-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SHC-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe exact role of SHC1 in FGFR signaling remains unclear. Numerous studies have shown that the p46 and p52 isoforms of SHC1 are phosphorylated in response to FGF stimulation, but direct interaction...
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- Signal transduction by L1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal transduction by L1, organism-specific biosystemBesides adhesive roles in cell cell interaction, L1 functions as a signal transducing receptor providing neurons with cues from their environment for axonal growth and guidance. L1 associates with be...
- Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma, organism-specific biosystemThe most frequently altered genes in glioblastoma. This pathway originally accompanied the 2008 Nature publication on the comprehensive genomic characterization of human glioblastoma genes and core p...
- Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystemThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one member of the ERBB family of transmembrane glycoprotein tyrosine receptor kinases (RTK). Binding of EGFR to its ligands induces conformational chang...
- Signaling by EGFR in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by EGFR in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemThe pathway "Signaling by EGFR in Cancer" shows "Signaling by constitutively active EGFR" in parallel with "Signaling by EGFR". This allows users to compare signaling by constitutively active EGFR ca...
- Signaling by ERBB2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by ERBB2, organism-specific biosystemERBB2, also known as HER2 or NEU, is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) belonging to the EGFR family. ERBB2 possesses an extracellular domain that does not bind any known ligand, contrary to other EGFR...
- Signaling by ERBB4, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by ERBB4, organism-specific biosystemERBB4, also known as HER4, belongs to the ERBB family of receptors, which also includes ERBB1 (EGFR i.e. HER1), ERBB2 (HER2 i.e. NEU) and ERBB3 (HER3). Similar to EGFR, ERBB4 has an extracellular lig...
- Signaling by FGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR, organism-specific biosystemThe 22 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of growth factors mediate their cellular responses by binding to and activating the different isoforms encoded by the four receptor tyrosin...
- Signaling by FGFR in disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR in disease, organism-specific biosystemThe pathway 'Signaling by FGFR in disease' shows 'Signaling by FGFR mutants' in parallel with the wild-type pathway 'Signaling by FGFR', allowing users to compare disease and normal events. FGFR mut...
- Signaling by FGFR mutants, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR mutants, organism-specific biosystemA number of skeletal and developmental diseases have been shown to arise as a result of mutations in the FGFR1, 2 and 3 genes. These include dwarfism syndromes (achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia and...
- Signaling by FGFR1 amplification mutants, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR1 amplification mutants, organism-specific biosystemAmplification or activation of FGFR1 has been reported in lung cancer (Weiss, 2001; Marek, 2009; Dutt, 2011), breast cancer (Reis-Filho, 2006; Turner, 2010), oral squamous carcinoma (Freier, 2007), ...
- Signaling by FGFR1 mutants, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR1 mutants, organism-specific biosystemThe FGFR1 gene has been shown to be subject to activating mutations, chromosomal rearrangements and gene amplification leading to a variety of proliferative and developmental disorders depending on w...
- Signaling by Insulin receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Insulin receptor, organism-specific biosystemInsulin binding to its receptor results in receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (e.g. IRS and Shc) by the insulin receptor...
- Signaling by PDGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by PDGF, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is a potent stimulator of growth and motility of connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells as well as other cells such as capillary end...
- Signaling by SCF-KIT, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by SCF-KIT, organism-specific biosystemStem cell factor (SCF) is a growth factor with membrane bound and soluble forms. It is expressed by fibroblasts and endothelial cells throughout the body, promoting proliferation, migration, survival...
- Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R), organism-specific biosystemBinding of IGF1 (IGF-I) or IGF2 (IGF-II) to the extracellular alpha peptides of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) triggers the activation of two major signaling pathways: the SOS...
- Signaling by activated point mutants of FGFR1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by activated point mutants of FGFR1, organism-specific biosystemUnlike other FGFR2 and 3, FGFR1 appears not to be a frequent target of activating point mutations (reviewed in Wesche, 2011; Turner and Grose, 2010). Germline point mutations at residue P252 have be...
- Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystemMature B cells express IgM and IgD immunoglobulins which are complexed at the plasma membrane with Ig-alpha (CD79A, MB-1) and Ig-beta (CD79B, B29) to form the B cell receptor (BCR) (Fu et al. 1974, F...
- Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles in survival, differentiation, and plasticity of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. They are produced, and secreted in mi...
- Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events