- Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystemTLR4 is unique among the TLR family in its ability to recruit four adapters to activate two distinct signaling pathways. One pathway is activated by the pair of the adapters Mal or TIRAP (Toll/inter...
- Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling, organism-specific biosystem
Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling
- B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe B cell receptor includes membrane ?? heavy chain molecules bound to a light chain and an Ig alpha (CD79A)/Ig beta (CD79B) heterodimer. Activation of the B cell receptor involves phosphorylation o...
- BCR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
BCR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
BCR signaling pathway
- BDNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
BDNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin essential for growth, differentiation, plasticity, and survival of neurons. BDNF is also required for processes such as energy metabolism, b...
- Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem
Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells
- EGFR1 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
EGFR1 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe androgen receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand activated transcription factors. These receptors bind to steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, retinoids and vitamin D among ot...
- ERK/MAPK targets, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
ERK/MAPK targets, organism-specific biosystemERK/MAPK kinases have a number of targets within the nucleus, usually transcription factors or other kinases. The best known targets, ELK1, ETS1, ATF2, MITF, MAPKAPK2, MSK1, RSK1/2/3 and MEF2 are ann...
- Endometrial cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Endometrial cancer, organism-specific biosystemEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women in the developed world after breast, colorectal and lung cancer. Two types of endom...
- Endometrial cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Endometrial cancer, conserved biosystemEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women in the developed world after breast, colorectal and lung cancer. Two types of endom...
- ErbB signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
ErbB signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe ErbB protein family or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is a family of four structurally related receptor tyrosine kinases. Insufficient ErbB signaling in humans is associated with ...
- ErbB signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
ErbB signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) couples binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways regulating diverse biologic responses, including prolife...
- ErbB signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
ErbB signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) couples binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways regulating diverse biologic responses, including prolife...
- ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem
ErbB1 downstream signaling
- Estrogen signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Estrogen signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemEstrogen receptor refers to a group of receptors which are activated by the hormone 17??-estradiol (estrogen). Two types of estrogen receptor exist: ER which is a member of the nuclear hormone family...
- Focal Adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Focal Adhesion, organism-specific biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
- Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
- Focal adhesion, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Focal adhesion, conserved biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
- GnRH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
GnRH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus acts upon its receptor in the anterior pituitary to regulate the production and release of the gonadotropins, LH and FSH. The GnR...
- GnRH signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
GnRH signaling pathway, conserved biosystemGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus acts upon its receptor in the anterior pituitary to regulate the production and release of the gonadotropins, LH and FSH. The GnR...
- HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network
- HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
- HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
- Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and...
- IL-4 signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
IL-4 signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-4 belongs to the IL-2 family of cytokines, which includes IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. It signals through 2 different receptor complexes; Receptor complex 1 comprises of IL-4 recept...
- IL-5 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
IL-5 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-5 belongs to the family of cytokines, which includes IL-3 and GM-CSF. It signals through a receptor complex comprising of an IL-5 receptor alpha subunit (IL5RA), and a common beta chain w...
- Id Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Id Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are members of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of proteins which lack a DNA binding domain themselves but bind to other family members inhibiting their DNA bi...
- Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
- Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
- Insulin Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Insulin Signaling, organism-specific biosystemInsulin signaling influences energy metabolism as well as growth. The presence of insulin signals the fed state, and this signal is passed via the AKT branch, which leads to the uptake of glucose fro...
- Insulin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Insulin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemInsulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the r...
- Insulin signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Insulin signaling pathway, conserved biosystemInsulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the r...
- Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
- Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
- Leptin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Leptin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemLeptin is a peptide hormone mainly synthesised and secreted from adipocytes. It is also expressed in other tissues including placenta, stomach and skeletal muscle. Leptin mediates its effects by bind...
- MAP kinase activation in TLR cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MAP kinase activation in TLR cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, one of the most ancient and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, is involved in many processes of immune responses. The MAP kinases cascad...
- MAPK Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
MAPK Cascade, organism-specific biosystem
MAPK Cascade
- MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- MAPK targets/ Nuclear events mediated by MAP kinases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MAPK targets/ Nuclear events mediated by MAP kinases, organism-specific biosystemMAPKs are protein kinases that, once activated, phosphorylate their specific cytosolic or nuclear substrates at serine and/or threonine residues. Such phosphorylation events can either positively or ...
- MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemMammalian myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR)-domain containing adapter protein which plays crucial role in TLR signaling. All TLRs, with only one exception of...
- MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystemUpon binding of their ligands, TLR7/8 and TLR9 recruit a cytoplasmic adaptor MyD88 and IRAKs, downstream of which the signaling pathways are divided to induce either inflammatory cytokines or type I ...
- MyD88-independent cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88-independent cascade, organism-specific biosystemMyD88-independent signaling route utilizes TRAM and TRIF adapters, that are essential for production of both type 1 interferons(IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. TRAM is thought to bridge between...
- MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemThe first known downstream component of TLR4 and TLR2 signaling is the adaptor MyD88. Another adapter MyD88-adaptor-like (Mal; also known as TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein or TIRAP) has also b...
- NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemTrk receptors signal from the plasma membrane and from intracellular membranes, particularly from early endosomes. Signalling from the plasma membrane is fast but transient; signalling from endosomes...
- Nuclear Events (kinase and transcription factor activation), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nuclear Events (kinase and transcription factor activation), organism-specific biosystemAn important function of the kinase cascade triggered by neurotrophins is to induce the phosphorylation and activation of transcription factors in the nucleus to initiate new programs of gene express...
- PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway
- Prion diseases, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Prion diseases, organism-specific biosystemPrion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a number of other animal species. The etiology of ...
- Prion diseases, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Prion diseases, conserved biosystemPrion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a number of other animal species. The etiology of ...
- Prolactin Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Prolactin Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemProlactin (PRL), a pleiotropic polypeptide hormone, mostly secreted by the lactotrophic cells of anterior pituitary gland and to a lesser extent expressed in numerous extra pituitary tissues such as ...
- Prostate Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Prostate Cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Prostate Cancer
- Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
- Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
- Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway
- S1P2 pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
S1P2 pathway, organism-specific biosystem
S1P2 pathway
- SRF and miRs in Smooth Muscle Differentiation and Proliferation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
SRF and miRs in Smooth Muscle Differentiation and Proliferation, organism-specific biosystemSmooth muscle cells exhibit a unique plasticity, in that they are able to oscillate between proliferative and more quiescent, differentiated states. These two states are determined, in part, by a net...
- Serotonin Receptor 2 and ELK-SRF/GATA4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Serotonin Receptor 2 and ELK-SRF/GATA4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is courtesy of Ariadne Genomics Pathway Studio.
- Serotonin Receptor 4/6/7 and NR3C Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Serotonin Receptor 4/6/7 and NR3C Signaling, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is courtesy of Ariadne Genomics Pathway Studio.
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor, organism-specific biosystem
Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor
- Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles in survival, differentiation, and plasticity of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. They are produced, and secreted in mi...
- TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystemTRAF6 mediates NFkB activation via canonical phosphorylation of IKK complex by TAK1. TRAF6 and TAK1 also regulate MAPK cascades leading to the activation of AP-1.
- TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemTRIF was shown to induce IRF3/7 and NF-?B activation and apoptosis through distinct intracellular signaling pathways [Han KJ et al 2004; Kaiser WJ and Offermann MK et al 2005]. TRIF consists of an N...
- Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemLittle is known about TLR10 ligands. It has been established that the receptor homodimerizes upon binding and signals in an MyD88-dependent manner (Hasan U et al 2005; Nyman T et al 2008). It may als...
- Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 is involved in recognition of peptidoglycan from gram-positive bacteria, bacterial lipoproteins, mycoplasma lipoprotein and mycobacterial products. It is quite possible that recognition of at le...
- Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as was shown for mammals is expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium, macrophages, and appears to play a central role in mediating the antiviral and in...
- Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like Receptor 4 is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern receptor well known for it's sensitivity to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is assembled within diverse Gram-negative bacteria,...
- Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR5 is the receptor for flagellin, the protein that forms bacterial flagella. Unlike most other Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), flagellin does not undergo any posttranslational modif...
- Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemRNA can serve as a danger signal, both in its double-stranded form (that is associated with viral infection), as well as single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Specifically, guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich...
- Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemCpG DNA is an unusual Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP). Cytosine methylation exists in mammalian but not bacterial cells, and most (but not all) CpG in the mammalian genome is methylated....
- Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR1 is expressed by monocytes. TLR1 and TLR2 cotranslationally form heterodimeric complexes on the cell surface and in the cytosol. The TLR2:TLR1 complex recognizes Neisserial PorB and Mycobacterial...
- Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 and TLR4 recognize different bacterial cell wall components. While TLR4 is trained onto Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide components, TLR2 - in combination with TLR6 - plays a major role in recog...
- Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystemIn human, ten members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family (TLR1-TLR10) have been identified (TLR11 has been found in mouse, but not in human). All TLRs have a similar Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) doma...
- Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway
- p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemp38 MAPKs are members of the MAPK family that are activated by a variety of environmental stresses and inflammatory cytokines. Stress signals are delivered to this cascade by members of small GTPases...