Display Settings:

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

    A2M alpha-2-macroglobulin [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 2, updated on 11-May-2012

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    A2Mprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    alpha-2-macroglobulinprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:7
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000175899; HPRD:00072; MIM:103950; Vega:OTTHUMG00000150267
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    A2MD; CPAMD5; FWP007; S863-7; DKFZp779B086
    Summary
    Alpha-2-macroglobulin is a protease inhibitor and cytokine transporter. It inhibits many proteases, including trypsin, thrombin and collagenase. A2M is implicated in Alzheimer disease (AD) due to its ability to mediate the clearance and degradation of A-beta, the major component of beta-amyloid deposits. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

    Genomic context

    Location :
    12p13.31
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 12; NC_000012.11 (9220304..9268558, complement)

    Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene voltage-dependent anion channel 2 pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene chromosome 12 open reading frame 33 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC144571 Neighboring gene keratin 17 pseudogene Neighboring gene B-cell translocation gene 1 pseudogene 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Tat tat Binding of HIV-1 Tat to LRP inhibits neuronal binding, uptake and degradation of physiological ligands for LRP, including alpha2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein E4, amyloid precursor and amyloid beta-protein PubMed
    retropepsin gag-pol The cleavage site of alpha 2-Macroglobulin by HIV-1 protease is the Phe684-Tyr685 bond PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    P01023 Q9H013 ADAM19    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 Q9UHI8 ADAMTS1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P02760 AMBP    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P08133 ANXA6    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P02649 APOE    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 Activating transcription factor 7 interacting protein ATF7IP    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P61769 B2M    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 O00193 C11orf58    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 Q9UNI1 CELA1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P07858 CTSB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P14091 CTSE    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P11021 HSPA5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P22301 IL10    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P01584 IL1B    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P20151 KLK2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P07288 KLK3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P04180 LCAT    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P41159 LEP    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 Q07954 LRP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P61626 LYZ    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P08253 MMP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 Q99972 MYOC    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P01138 NGF    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P09466 PAEP    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P04085 PDGFA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P01127 PDGFB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 P04278 SHBG    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01023 Q15582 TGFBI    HPRD  PubMed  
    Z11711.1 STAT3    BIND  PubMed An unspecified isoform of STAT3 binds APRE. 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:114888 ADAMTS1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:106757 AMBP    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:106807 ANXA7    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:106845 APOE    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:107044 B2M    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:116144 C11orf58    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:107433 CDC42    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:115555 CDK2AP2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:107460 CDKN1A    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:107753 CPB2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:108937 GEM    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:109142 GRB2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:109268 H2AFX    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:109406 HMOX2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:109541 HSPA5    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:109800 IL10    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:109779 IL4    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:117538 KLK13    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:106850 KLK3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:110123 LCAT    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:110143 LEP    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:110215 LRP1    BioGRID  PubMed Co-crystal Structure 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:110457 MMP2    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:110869 NGF    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:116237 NUDT21    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:111084 PAEP    BioGRID  PubMed Co-purification; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:111843 RAP1B    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:116283 RPP14    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:116788 SEPT8    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:112490 SMN1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:112908 TGIF1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:112938 TK1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:114298 TNFRSF14    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:114374 TSC22D1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:113127 TTR    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106524 BioGRID:113200 UFD1L    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 

    General gene information

    Markers

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • Complement and Coagulation Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Complement and Coagulation Cascades, organism-specific biosystemBlood coagulation is a series of coordinated and calcium-dependent proenzyme-to-serine protease conversions likely to be localized on the surfaces of activated cells in vivo. It culminates in the for...
    • Complement and coagulation cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Complement and coagulation cascades, organism-specific biosystemThe complement system is a proteolytic cascade in blood plasma and a mediator of innate immunity, a nonspecific defense mechanism against pathogens. There are three pathways of complement activation:...
    • Complement and coagulation cascades, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Complement and coagulation cascades, conserved biosystemThe complement system is a proteolytic cascade in blood plasma and a mediator of innate immunity, a nonspecific defense mechanism against pathogens. There are three pathways of complement activation:...
    • Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade), organism-specific biosystemThe formation of a fibrin clot at the site of an injury to the wall of a normal blood vessel is an essential part of the process to stop blood loss after vascular injury. The reactions that lead to ...
    • HDL-mediated lipid transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      HDL-mediated lipid transport, organism-specific biosystemHDL particles play a central role in the reverse transport of cholesterol, the process by which cholesterol in tissues other than the liver is returned to the liver for conversion to bile salts and e...
    • Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystemHemostasis is a physiological response that culminates in the arrest of bleeding from an injured vessel. Under normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhe...
    • IL6-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL6-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL6-mediated signaling events
    • Intrinsic Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Intrinsic Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe intrinsic pathway of blood clotting connects interactions among kininogen (high molecular weight kininogen, HK), prekallikrein (PK), and factor XII to the activation of clotting factor X by a ser...
    • Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, organism-specific biosystemProcesses annotated here include the digestion of dietary lipids, sterol uptake, the formation and turnover of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL), and the mobilization of fatty acids thr...
    • Lipoprotein metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Lipoprotein metabolism, organism-specific biosystemBecause of their hydrophobicity, lipids are found in the extracellular spaces of the human body primarily in the form of lipoprotein complexes. Chylomicrons form in the small intestine and transport ...
    • Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemMetabolic processes in human cells generate energy through the oxidation of molecules consumed in the diet and mediate the synthesis of diverse essential molecules not taken in the diet as well as th...
    • Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, organism-specific biosystemLipids are hydrophobic but otherwise chemically diverse molecules that play a wide variety of roles in human biology. They include ketone bodies, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids and sphi...
    • Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet activation begins with the initial binding of adhesive ligands and of the excitatory platelet agonists (released or generated at the sites of vascular trauma) to cognate receptors on the pla...
    • Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelets function as exocytotic cells, secreting a plethora of effector molecules at sites of vascular injury. Platelets contain a number of distinguishable storage granules including alpha granules...
    • Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystemActivation of phospholipase C enzymes results in the generation of second messengers of the phosphatidylinositol pathway. The events resulting from this pathway are a rise in intracellular calcium an...
    • Rho GTPase cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Rho GTPase cycle, organism-specific biosystemThe cycling of Rho GTPases is tightly controlled by three classes of protein. These are (1) guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors or GDIs, which maintain Rho proteins in an inactive state in the...
    • Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
    • Signaling by Rho GTPases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by Rho GTPases, organism-specific biosystemThe Rho family of small guanine nucleotide binding proteins is one of five generally recognized branches of the Ras superfamily. Like most Ras superfamily members, typical Rho proteins function as bi...

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enzyme binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    growth factor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    interleukin-1 binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    interleukin-8 binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    tumor necrosis factor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    blood coagulation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    platelet activation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    platelet degranulation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    stem cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    extracellular region NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    platelet alpha granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    alpha-2-macroglobulin
    Names
    alpha-2-macroglobulin
    alpha-2-M
    C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 5

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_011717.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..53255
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000014.4NP_000005.2  alpha-2-macroglobulin precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC026246, BC040071, BX504041, BX647329
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44827.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01023
      Related
      ENSP00000323929, OTTHUMP00000196829, ENST00000318602, OTTHUMT00000317233
      Conserved Domains (7) summary
      cd02897
      Location:9581264
      Blast Score: 1159
      A2M_2; Proteins similar to alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha (2)-M). This group also contains the pregnancy zone protein (PZP). Alpha(2)-M and PZP are broadly specific proteinase inhibitors. Alpha (2)-M is a major carrier protein in serum. The structural thioester ...
      pfam00207
      Location:738828
      Blast Score: 343
      A2M; Alpha-2-macroglobulin family
      pfam01835
      Location:129221
      Blast Score: 264
      A2M_N; MG2 domain
      pfam07677
      Location:13761463
      Blast Score: 323
      A2M_recep; A-macroglobulin receptor
      pfam07678
      Location:10101266
      Blast Score: 1002
      A2M_comp; A-macroglobulin complement component
      pfam07703
      Location:459607
      Blast Score: 306
      A2M_N_2; Alpha-2-macroglobulin family N-terminal region
      pfam11974
      Location:28110
      Blast Score: 137
      MG1; Alpha-2-macroglobulin MG1 domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000012.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      9220304..9268558, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000144.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      9000837..9049088, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC007436.1 (30952..79206) None
    genomic AF349032.1 AAK38109.1
    genomic AF349033.1 AAK38110.1
    genomic CH471116.2 EAW88590.1
    genomic X68728.1 CAA48670.1
    genomic X68729.1 None
    genomic Z11711.1 CAA77774.1
    mRNA AB209614.2 BAD92851.1
    mRNA AK307832.1 None
    mRNA AK312482.1 None
    mRNA AY591530.1 AAT02228.1
    mRNA BC026246.1 AAH26246.1
    mRNA BC040071.1 AAH40071.1
    mRNA BX504041.1 None
    mRNA BX647329.1 None
    mRNA CR749334.1 CAH18188.1
    mRNA M11313.1 AAA51551.1
    mRNA M36501.1 AAA51552.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P01023.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P01023
    Q9BQ22 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9BQ22

      Supplemental Content

      Recent activity

      Your browsing activity is empty.

      Activity recording is turned off.

      Turn recording back on

      See more...