DR1 down-regulator of transcription 1, TBP-binding (negative cofactor 2) [Homo sapiens] - Gene

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Summary

Official Symbol: DR1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: down-regulator of transcription 1, TBP-binding (negative cofactor 2)provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:3017
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000117505; HPRD:03284; MIM:601482; Vega:OTTHUMG00000010862
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: NC2; NC2-BETA
Summary: This gene encodes a TBP- (TATA box-binding protein) associated phosphoprotein that represses both basal and activated levels of transcription. The encoded protein is phosphorylated in vivo and this phosphorylation affects its interaction with TBP. This protein contains a histone fold motif at the amino terminus, a TBP-binding domain, and a glutamine- and alanine-rich region. The binding of DR1 repressor complexes to TBP-promoter complexes may establish a mechanism in which an altered DNA conformation, together with the formation of higher order complexes, inhibits the assembly of the preinitiation complex and controls the rate of RNA polymerase II transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

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Genomic context

Location :: 1p22.1

Sequence :: Chromosome: 1; NC_000001.10 (93811478..93828149)

See DR1 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

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Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Genomic Sequence

Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

Go to reference sequence details

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Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

Basal core promoters control the equilibrium between negative cofactor 2 and preinitiation complexes in human cells.
Title: Basal core promoters control the equilibrium between negative cofactor 2 and preinitiation complexes in human cells.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Association of CR1, CLU and PICALM with Alzheimer's disease in a cohort of clinically characterized and neuropathologically verified individuals.
The physiological functions of human Dr1 include regulation of polymerase III transcription.
Title: Dr1 (NC2) is present at tRNA genes and represses their transcription in human cells.
heterodimerization with NC2alpha masks the nuclear localization signal in NC2beta, which prevents nuclear export of the NC2 complex
Title: Regulation of nuclear import and export of negative cofactor 2.
ATAC Is a GCN5/PCAF-containing acetylase complex with a novel NC2-like histone fold module that interacts with the TATA-binding protein
Title: Human ATAC Is a GCN5/PCAF-containing acetylase complex with a novel NC2-like histone fold module that interacts with the TATA-binding protein.
Data show that NC2beta is specifically involved in neuroblastoma pathogenesis and may be considered a new neuroblastoma biomarker.
Title: Involvement of GTA protein NC2beta in neuroblastoma pathogenesis suggests that it physiologically participates in the regulation of cell proliferation.
the initiator core promoter element antagonizes repression of TATA-directed transcription by negative cofactor NC2
Title: The initiator core promoter element antagonizes repression of TATA-directed transcription by negative cofactor NC2.
NC2 controls TBP binding and maintenance on DNA that is largely independent of a canonical TATA sequence
Title: Efficient binding of NC2.TATA-binding protein to DNA in the absence of TATA.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

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Phenotypes

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

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HIV-1 protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Tat	tat	Interaction of HIV-1 Tat with TBP/TFIID competes with negative cofactor Dr1 interaction with TBP, thereby inhibiting Dr1	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs	Description
NP_001929.1	NC_000005.8	IRF1	BIND	PubMed	Dr1 interacts with IRF-1 promoter.
Q01658	Q14919	DRAP1	HPRD	PubMed
Q01658	NFIL3	NFIL3	HPRD	PubMed
Q01658	Q9NRF9	POLE3	HPRD	PubMed
Q01658	P20226	TBP	HPRD	PubMed
BioGRID:108144	BioGRID:115838	DRAP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108144	BioGRID:110855	NFIL3	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:108144	BioGRID:110868	NFYC	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108144	BioGRID:119903	POLE3	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108144	BioGRID:114036	TTF2	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:108144	BioGRID:113164	UBC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
DNA binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
TBP-class protein binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
sequence-specific DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
transcription corepressor activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
transcription factor binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
histone H3 acetylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
Ada2/Gcn5/Ada3 transcription activator complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
intracellular	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

Preferred Names: protein Dr1

Names: protein Dr1; negative cofactor 2-beta; TATA-binding protein-associated phosphoprotein

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NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001938.2 → NP_001929.1 protein Dr1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL833729, BC035507

Consensus CDS

CCDS744.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q01658

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q658N3

Related

ENSP00000359295, OTTHUMP00000012556, ENST00000370272, OTTHUMT00000029976

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00074
Location:7 – 113
Blast Score: 248

H2A; Histone 2A; H2A is a subunit of the nucleosome. The nucleosome is an octamer containing two H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 subunits. The H2A subunit performs essential roles in maintaining structural integrity of the nucleosome, chromatin condensation, and binding ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000001.10 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Range

93811478..93828149

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000133.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

91933028..91949702

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

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Related Sequences

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	AL137159.7	CAC17578.1
genomic	CH471097.2	EAW73072.1
		EAW73073.1
		EAW73074.1
		EAW73075.1
		EAW73076.1
mRNA	AK057541.1	BAG51931.1
mRNA	AK223442.1	BAD97162.1
mRNA	AK311288.1	None
mRNA	AL833729.1	CAH56250.1
mRNA	BC002809.2	AAH02809.1
mRNA	BC035507.2	AAH35507.1
mRNA	BC068553.1	AAH68553.1
mRNA	BT006972.1	AAP35618.1
mRNA	M97388.1	AAA58442.1

Protein Accession	Links
Protein Accession	GenPept Link	UniProtKB Link
Q01658.1	GenPept	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q01658
Q53F47	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q53F47
Q658N3	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q658N3