- Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystemAxon guidance / axon pathfinding is the process by which neurons send out axons to reach the correct targets. Growing axons have a highly motile structure at the growing tip called the growth cone, w...
- Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
- Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
- EGFR downregulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
EGFR downregulation, organism-specific biosystemRegulation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity is implicated in the control of almost all cellular functions. One of the best understood RTKs is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Growth...
- Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, organism-specific biosystemCalcium (Ca2+) is essential for numerous physiological functions including intracellular signalling processes, neuronal excitability, muscle contraction and bone formation. Therefore, its homeostasis...
- Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, conserved biosystemCalcium (Ca2+) is essential for numerous physiological functions including intracellular signalling processes, neuronal excitability, muscle contraction and bone formation. Therefore, its homeostasis...
- Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
- Endocytosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocytosis, conserved biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
- Glutamate Binding, Activation of AMPA Receptors and Synaptic Plasticity, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Glutamate Binding, Activation of AMPA Receptors and Synaptic Plasticity, organism-specific biosystemExcitatory synaptic transmission in the brain is carried out by glutamate receptors through the activation of both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Ionotropic glutamate receptors are of three ...
- HIV Infection, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
HIV Infection, organism-specific biosystemThe global pandemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has resulted in tens of millions of people infected by the virus and millions more affected. UNAIDS estimates around 40 million ...
- Host Interactions of HIV factors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Host Interactions of HIV factors, organism-specific biosystemLike all viruses, HIV-1 must co-opt the host cell macromolecular transport and processing machinery. HIV-1 Vpr and Rev proteins play key roles in this co-optation. Efficient HIV-1 replication likewis...
- Huntington's disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Huntington's disease, organism-specific biosystemHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects medium spiny striatal neurons (MSN). The symptoms are choreiform, involuntary movements, personality...
- Huntington's disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Huntington's disease, conserved biosystemHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects medium spiny striatal neurons (MSN). The symptoms are choreiform, involuntary movements, personality...
- L1CAM interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
L1CAM interactions, organism-specific biosystemThe L1 family of cell adhesion molecules (L1CAMs) are a subfamily of the immunoglobulin superfamily of transmembrane receptors, comprised of four structurally related proteins: L1, Close Homolog of L...
- NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemTrk receptors signal from the plasma membrane and from intracellular membranes, particularly from early endosomes. Signalling from the plasma membrane is fast but transient; signalling from endosomes...
- Nef Mediated CD4 Down-regulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nef Mediated CD4 Down-regulation, organism-specific biosystemThe presence of Nef accelerates endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of the transmembrane glycoprotein CD4. CD4 has its own internalization motif, though this motif is normally concealed by CD4 inte...
- Nef Mediated CD8 Down-regulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nef Mediated CD8 Down-regulation, organism-specific biosystemHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Nef is a membrane-associated protein decreasing surface expression of CD4, CD28, and major histocompatibility complex class I on infected cells. Nef also strongly d...
- Nef-mediates down modulation of cell surface receptors by recruiting them to clathrin adapters, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nef-mediates down modulation of cell surface receptors by recruiting them to clathrin adapters, organism-specific biosystemThe maximal virulence of HIV-1 requires Nef, a virally encoded peripheral membrane protein. Nef binds to the adaptor protein (AP) complexes of coated vesicles, inducing an expansion of the endosomal ...
- Neuronal System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Neuronal System, organism-specific biosystemThe human brain contains at least 100 billion neurons, each with the ability to influence many other cells. Clearly, highly sophisticated and efficient mechanisms are needed to enable communication a...
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell, organism-specific biosystemThe neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft released by the pre-synaptic neuron binds specific receptors located on the post-synaptic terminal. These receptors are either ion channels or G protein cou...
- Recycling pathway of L1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Recycling pathway of L1, organism-specific biosystemL1 functions in many aspects of neuronal development including axon outgrowth and neuronal migration. These functions require coordination between L1 and the actin cytoskeleton. F-actin continuously ...
- Retrograde neurotrophin signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Retrograde neurotrophin signalling, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophin-TRK complexes can be internalized and enter signalling vesicles, which travel retrogradely over long distances from distal nerve terminals to neuronal cell bodies. Such retrograde signal...
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- Signal transduction by L1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal transduction by L1, organism-specific biosystemBesides adhesive roles in cell cell interaction, L1 functions as a signal transducing receptor providing neurons with cues from their environment for axonal growth and guidance. L1 associates with be...
- Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystemThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one member of the ERBB family of transmembrane glycoprotein tyrosine receptor kinases (RTK). Binding of EGFR to its ligands induces conformational chang...
- Signaling by EGFR in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by EGFR in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemThe pathway "Signaling by EGFR in Cancer" shows "Signaling by constitutively active EGFR" in parallel with "Signaling by EGFR". This allows users to compare signaling by constitutively active EGFR ca...
- Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles in survival, differentiation, and plasticity of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. They are produced, and secreted in mi...
- Synaptic vesicle cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Synaptic vesicle cycle, organism-specific biosystemCommunication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. ...
- Synaptic vesicle cycle, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Synaptic vesicle cycle, conserved biosystemCommunication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. ...
- The role of Nef in HIV-1 replication and disease pathogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
The role of Nef in HIV-1 replication and disease pathogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThe HIV-1 Nef protein is a 27-kDa myristoylated protein that is abundantly produced during the early phase of viral replication cycle. It is highly conserved in all primate lentiviruses, suggesting t...
- Trafficking of AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Trafficking of AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystemRepetitive presynaptic activity causes long lasting changes in the postsynaptic transmission by changing the type and the number of AMPA receptors. These changes are brought about by trafficking mec...
- Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystemTrafficking of GluR2-containing receptors is governed by protein protein interactions that are regulated by phosphorylation events. GluR2 binds NSF and AP2 in the proximal C terminal region and binds...
- Transmission across Chemical Synapses, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses, organism-specific biosystemChemical synapses are specialized junctions that are used for communication between neurons, neurons and muscle or gland cells. The synapse involves a pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron,...