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    ATF2 activating transcription factor 2 [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 1386, updated on 19-May-2012
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    Summary

    Official Symbol
    ATF2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    activating transcription factor 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:784
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000115966; HPRD:00443; MIM:123811; Vega:OTTHUMG00000132424
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    HB16; CREB2; TREB7; CRE-BP1; MGC111558
    Summary
    This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. It forms a homodimer or a heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. This protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro; thus it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]
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    Genomic context

    Location :
    2q32
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 2; NC_000002.11 (175939006..176032897, complement)
    See ATF2 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene chimerin (chimaerin) 1 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 31 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 14 Neighboring gene microRNA 933 Neighboring gene ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C3 (subunit 9)

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    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details
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    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. PKCε promotes oncogenic functions of ATF2 in the nucleus while blocking its apoptotic function at mitochondria. Lau E, et al. Cell, 2012 Feb 3. PMID 22304920.
    2. Critical role of N-terminal end-localized nuclear export signal in regulation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) subcellular localization and transcriptional activity. Hsu CC, et al. J Biol Chem, 2012 Mar 9. PMID 22275354.
    3. Activating transcription factor-2 in survival mechanisms in head and neck carcinoma cells. Duffey D, et al. Head Neck, 2011 Nov. PMID 21990224.
    4. Coordinated regulation of ATF2 by miR-26b in γ-irradiated lung cancer cells. Arora H, et al. PLoS One, 2011. PMID 21901137.
    5. A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiquitylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles. Wagner SA, et al. Mol Cell Proteomics, 2011 Oct. PMID 21890473.

    See all (141) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. ATF2 subcellular localization is probably modulated by multiple mechanisms
      Title: Critical role of N-terminal end-localized nuclear export signal in regulation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) subcellular localization and transcriptional activity.
    2. Data concluded that IR-induced up-regulation of ATF2 was coordinately enhanced by suppression of miR-26b in lung cancer cells, which may enhance the effect of IR in the MAPK signaling pathway.
      Title: Coordinated regulation of ATF2 by miR-26b in γ-irradiated lung cancer cells.
    3. The ability of ATF2 to reach the mitochondria is determined by PKCepsilon, which directs ATF2 nuclear localization. Genotoxic stress attenuates PKCepsilon effect on ATF2; enables ATF2 nuclear export and localization at the mitochondria.
      Title: PKCε promotes oncogenic functions of ATF2 in the nucleus while blocking its apoptotic function at mitochondria.
    4. Data show that ATF7-4 is an important cytoplasmic negative regulator of ATF7 and ATF2 transcription factors.
      Title: A cytoplasmic negative regulator isoform of ATF7 impairs ATF7 and ATF2 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity.
    5. Our data suggest regulatory roles for ATF2 in TNF-related mechanisms of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Its perturbation and nuclear activation are associated with significant effects on survival and cytokine production.
      Title: Activating transcription factor-2 in survival mechanisms in head and neck carcinoma cells.
    6. Data suggest that competition between GSTpi and active JNK for the substrate ATF2 may be responsible for the inhibition of JNK catalysis by GSTpi.
      Title: GST pi modulates JNK activity through a direct interaction with JNK substrate, ATF2.
    7. ATF2 interacts with beta-cell-enriched transcription factors, MafA, Pdx1, and beta2, and activates insulin gene transcription.
      Title: ATF2 interacts with beta-cell-enriched transcription factors, MafA, Pdx1, and beta2, and activates insulin gene transcription.
    8. MITF is downregulated by ATF2 in the skin of Atf2-/- mice, in primary human melanocytes, and in melanoma cell lines.
      Title: A role for ATF2 in regulating MITF and melanoma development.
    9. hyperosmotic stress can activate the Plk3 signaling pathway that subsequently regulates the AP-1 complex by directly phosphorylating ATF-2 independent from the effects of JNK and p38 activation.
      Title: Hyperosmotic stress-induced ATF-2 activation through Polo-like kinase 3 in human corneal epithelial cells.
    10. calorimetric studies of atf-2 and c-jun transcription factors
      Title: Unfolding of bZIP dimers formed by the ATF-2 and c-Jun transcription factors is not a simple two-state transition.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (59)
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    Phenotypes

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

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    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 and p300 synergistically increase TGF-beta, ATF-2 and activating protein-1 (AP-1) expression leading to tubular cell apoptosis; in addition, HIV-1 gp120 treatment causes phosphorylation of Smad2 and downregulation of c-Jun PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

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    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_001871.2 ATM    BIND  PubMed An unspecified isoform of ATM interacts with and phosphorylates ATF2. 
    NP_001871.2 NP_002742.3 MAPK11    BIND  PubMed As components of the p38-2-ATF2-ATP ternary complex, p38-2 interacts with and phosphorylates ATF2. 
    NP_001871.2 MAPK14    BIND  PubMed p38 phosphorylates ATF2. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between human p38 and ATF2 from an unspecified species. 
    NP_001871.2 MAPK14    BIND  PubMed An unspecified isoform of p38 interacts with and phosphorylates ATF2. 
    NP_001871.2 MAPK14    BIND  PubMed An unspecified isoform of p38 interacts with and phosphorylates ATF2. 
    NP_001871.2 NP_002737.1 MAPK3    BIND  PubMed ERK1 interacts with and phosphorylates ATF2. 
    NP_001871.2 MAPK9    BIND  PubMed An unspecified isoform of JNK2 interacts with and phosphorylates ATF2. 
    NP_001871.2 NP_002476.2 NBN    BIND  PubMed ATF2 interacts with Nbs1. 
    NP_001871.2 NP_000312.1 RB1    BIND  PubMed Rb interacts with ATF2. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between Rb from an unspecified species and ATF2 from an unspecified species. 
    NP_001871.2 NP_003394.1 YY1    BIND  PubMed YY1 interacts with ATF-2. 
    P15336 P10275 AR    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P15336 ATF2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P17544 ATF7    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P49715 CEBPA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P17676 CEBPB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P53567 CEBPG    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Q02930 CREB5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P68400 CSNK2A1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P19784 CSNK2A2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 O60869 EDF1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P01100 FOS    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P13984 GTF2F2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Q16778 HIST2H2BE    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P17096 HMGA1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Jun dimerization protein 2 JDP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P05412 JUN    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Q15759 MAPK11    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 O15264 MAPK13    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Q16539 MAPK14    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P45983 MAPK8    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P45984 MAPK9    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Q8IW41 MAPKAPK5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 O60934 NBN    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Q14686 NCOA6    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P06400 RB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 O75582 RPS6KA5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Q9Y230 RUVBL2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P84022 SMAD3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Q13485 SMAD4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 P63279 UBE2I    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 Q5T230 UTF1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P15336 O14980 XPO1    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:107776 ATF2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:106957 ATF3    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:106962 ATM    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:113725 CCDC6    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:107479 CEBPA    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:107480 CEBPB    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:107777 CREBBP    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:107841 CSNK2A1    BioGRID  PubMed Far Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:107842 CSNK2A2    BioGRID  PubMed Far Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:108347 EP300    BioGRID  PubMed Co-purification 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:108636 FOS    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:115106 HDAC4    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:109402 HMGA1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:117576 IRF2BP1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:125807 JDP2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:109928 JUN    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:111580 MAPK1    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:111589 MAPK13    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:107819 MAPK14    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:111585 MAPK8    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:110501 MRE11A    BioGRID  PubMed Co-localization 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:110763 NBN    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:116691 NCOA6    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:110866 NFYA    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:111384 PML    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:111860 RB1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:116067 RUVBL2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:110263 SMAD3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:110264 SMAD4    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:113177 UBE2I    BioGRID  PubMed Far Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:114013 UTF1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:107776 BioGRID:113360 YY1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
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    General gene information

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Potential readthrough

    Included gene: CHN1

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • ATF-2 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      ATF-2 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
      ATF-2 transcription factor network
    • Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystemTLR4 is unique among the TLR family in its ability to recruit four adapters to activate two distinct signaling pathways. One pathway is activated by the pair of the adapters Mal or TIRAP (Toll/inter...
    • Activation of the AP-1 family of transcription factors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Activation of the AP-1 family of transcription factors, organism-specific biosystemActivator protein-1 (AP-1) is a collective term referring to a group of transcription factors that bind to promoters of target genes in a sequence-specific manner. AP-1 family consists of hetero- and...
    • Alcoholism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Alcoholism, organism-specific biosystemAlcoholism, also called dependence on alcohol (ethanol), is a chronic relapsing disorder that is progressive and has serious detrimental health outcomes. As one of the primary mediators of the reward...
    • Alcoholism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Alcoholism, conserved biosystemAlcoholism, also called dependence on alcohol (ethanol), is a chronic relapsing disorder that is progressive and has serious detrimental health outcomes. As one of the primary mediators of the reward...
    • Amphetamine addiction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amphetamine addiction, organism-specific biosystemAmphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that exerts persistent addictive effects. Most addictive drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefr...
    • Amphetamine addiction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amphetamine addiction, conserved biosystemAmphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that exerts persistent addictive effects. Most addictive drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefr...
    • Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe androgen receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand activated transcription factors. These receptors bind to steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, retinoids and vitamin D among ot...
    • B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe B cell receptor includes membrane ?? heavy chain molecules bound to a light chain and an Ig alpha (CD79A)/Ig beta (CD79B) heterodimer. Activation of the B cell receptor involves phosphorylation o...
    • CDC42 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      CDC42 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      CDC42 signaling events
    • Circadian Clock, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Circadian Clock, organism-specific biosystemAt the center of the mammalian circadian clock is a negative transcription/translation-based feedback loop: The BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2 heterodimer transactivates CRY and PER genes by binding E-box element...
    • Cocaine addiction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cocaine addiction, organism-specific biosystemDrug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder in which compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior persists despite serious negative consequences.There is strong evidence that the dopaminergic...
    • Cocaine addiction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cocaine addiction, conserved biosystemDrug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder in which compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior persists despite serious negative consequences.There is strong evidence that the dopaminergic...
    • Dopaminergic synapse, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Dopaminergic synapse, organism-specific biosystemDopamine (DA) is an important and prototypical slow neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, motivation and reward, learning an...
    • Dopaminergic synapse, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Dopaminergic synapse, conserved biosystemDopamine (DA) is an important and prototypical slow neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, motivation and reward, learning an...
    • Energy Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Energy Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemThe PPARGC1A protein is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. This protein interacts with the nuclear receptor PPARG, which permits the interaction of ...
    • Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
    • Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
    • ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem
      ErbB1 downstream signaling
    • HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-3 belongs to a family of cytokines, which includes IL-5 and GM-CSF. It signals through a receptor complex comprising of an IL-3 specific IL-3 receptor alpha subunit (IL3RA) and a common b...
    • IL-4 signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-4 signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-4 belongs to the IL-2 family of cytokines, which includes IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. It signals through 2 different receptor complexes; Receptor complex 1 comprises of IL-4 recept...
    • IL-5 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-5 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-5 belongs to the family of cytokines, which includes IL-3 and GM-CSF. It signals through a receptor complex comprising of an IL-5 receptor alpha subunit (IL5RA), and a common beta chain w...
    • IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL12-mediated signaling events
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Influenza A, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Influenza A, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, conserved biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
    • MAP kinase activation in TLR cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MAP kinase activation in TLR cascade, organism-specific biosystemMitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, one of the most ancient and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, is involved in many processes of immune responses. The MAP kinases cascade tr...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MAPK targets/ Nuclear events mediated by MAP kinases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MAPK targets/ Nuclear events mediated by MAP kinases, organism-specific biosystemMAPKs are protein kinases that, once activated, phosphorylate their specific cytosolic or nuclear substrates at serine and/or threonine residues. Such phosphorylation events can either positively or ...
    • MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemMammalian myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR)-domain containing adapter protein which plays crucial role in TLR signaling. All TLRs, with only one exception of...
    • MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystemUpon binding of their ligands, TLR7/8 and TLR9 recruit a cytoplasmic adaptor MyD88 and IRAKs, downstream of which the signaling pathways are divided to induce either inflammatory cytokines or type I ...
    • MyD88-independent cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88-independent cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemThe MyD88-independent signaling route utilizes TRAM and TRIF adapters, that are essential for production of both type 1 interferons(IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. TRAM is thought to bridge bet...
    • MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemThe first known downstream component of TLR4 and TLR2 signaling is the adaptor MyD88. Another adapter MyD88-adaptor-like (Mal; also known as TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein or TIRAP) has also b...
    • Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway illustrates signaling networks implicated in uterine muscle contraction at labor and quiescence throughout gestation (pregnancy). The muscle of the uterus, responsible for contractile ac...
    • NFkB and MAP kinases activation mediated by TLR4 signaling repertoire, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      NFkB and MAP kinases activation mediated by TLR4 signaling repertoire, organism-specific biosystemMitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, one of the most ancient and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, is involved in many processes of immune responses. The MAP kinases cascade tr...
    • RAC1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      RAC1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      RAC1 signaling pathway
    • Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling, organism-specific biosystem
      Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling
    • Regulation of retinoblastoma protein, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Regulation of retinoblastoma protein, organism-specific biosystem
      Regulation of retinoblastoma protein
    • RhoA signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      RhoA signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      RhoA signaling pathway
    • Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta, organism-specific biosystem
      Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta
    • TGF-beta Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TGF-beta Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem"The TGF beta receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 belong to a subfamily of membrane-bound serine/threonine kinases which are designated as Type I or II based on their structural and functional properties. Th...
    • TRAF6 Mediated Induction of proinflammatory cytokines, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRAF6 Mediated Induction of proinflammatory cytokines, organism-specific biosystemIn human, together with ubiquitin-conjugating E2-type enzymes UBC13 and UEV1A (also known as UBE2V1), TRAF6 catalyses Lys63-linked ubiquitination. It is believed that auto polyubiquitination and oli...
    • TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystemTRAF6 mediates NFkB activation via canonical phosphorylation of IKK complex by TAK1. TRAF6 and TAK1 also regulate MAPK cascades leading to the activation of AP-1.
    • TRIF mediated TLR3 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TRIF mediated TLR3 signaling, organism-specific biosystemTIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta (TRIF or TIKAM1) is known to be an essential and exclusive adaptor used by TLR3; all the poly(I:C)-induced pathways leading to NFkB and IRF3 act...
    • Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemLittle is known about TLR10 ligands. It has been established that the receptor homodimerizes upon binding and signals in an MyD88-dependent manner (Hasan U et al 2005; Nyman T et al 2008). It may als...
    • Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 is involved in recognition of peptidoglycan from gram-positive bacteria, bacterial lipoproteins, mycoplasma lipoprotein and mycobacterial products. It is quite possible that recognition of at le...
    • Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as was shown for mammals is expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium, macrophages, and appears to play a central role in mediating the antiviral and in...
    • Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like Receptor 4 is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern receptor well known for it's sensitivity to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is assembled within diverse Gram-negative bacteria,...
    • Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR5 is the receptor for flagellin, the protein that forms bacterial flagella. Unlike most other Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), flagellin does not undergo any posttranslational modif...
    • Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemRNA can serve as a danger signal, both in its double-stranded form (that is associated with viral infection), as well as single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Specifically, guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich...
    • Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemCpG DNA is an unusual Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP). Cytosine methylation exists in mammalian but not bacterial cells, and most (but not all) CpG in the mammalian genome is methylated....
    • Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR1 is expressed by monocytes. TLR1 and TLR2 cotranslationally form heterodimeric complexes on the cell surface and in the cytosol. The TLR2:TLR1 complex recognizes Neisserial PorB and Mycobacterial...
    • Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 and TLR4 recognize different bacterial cell wall components. While TLR4 is trained onto Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide components, TLR2 - in combination with TLR6 - plays a major role in recog...
    • Toll Receptor Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Toll Receptor Cascades, organism-specific biosystemIn human, ten members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family (TLR1-TLR10) have been identified (TLR11 has been found in mouse, but not in human). All TLRs have a similar Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) doma...
    • p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemp38 MAPKs are members of the MAPK family that are activated by a variety of environmental stresses and inflammatory cytokines. Stress signals are delivered to this cascade by members of small GTPases...

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding transcription factor activity IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cAMP response element binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cAMP response element binding protein binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    chromatin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		  
    protein dimerization activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    protein kinase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		  
    sequence-specific DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    sequence-specific distal enhancer binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    transcription coactivator activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    zinc ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Toll signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    adipose tissue development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    fat cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    innate immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    outflow tract morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    response to osmotic stress IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    stress-activated MAPK cascade TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    toll-like receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    intracellular IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    membrane fraction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    NOT nucleolus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Help top of page

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2
    Names
    cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2
    CREB-2
    cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2
    cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 2
    cAMP response element-binding protein CRE-BP1
    cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 2
    cAMP responsive element binding protein 2, formerly
    activating transcription factor 2 splice variant ATF2-var2
    Help top of page

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001256090.1 → NP_001243019.1  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an additional 5' non-coding exon compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BC130335, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003041
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4D7U4
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15336
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3B7B7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02576
      Location:351 – 414
      Blast Score: 200
      bZIP_1; bZIP transcription factor

    2. NM_001256091.1 → NP_001243020.1  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains an additional 5' non-coding exon, and lacks another exon compared to variant 1. This results in translation initiation from an in-frame downstream AUG, and an isoform (2) with a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BC130335, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003049
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4D7U4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G8JLM5
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15336
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3B7B7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02576
      Location:333 – 396
      Blast Score: 201
      bZIP_1; bZIP transcription factor

    3. NM_001256092.1 → NP_001243021.1  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an internal exon compared to variant 1. This results in translation initiation from another start site, and a shorter isoform (3) with a distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BX648469, DA995464
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3B7B7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02576
      Location:293 – 356
      Blast Score: 201
      bZIP_1; bZIP transcription factor

    4. NM_001256093.1 → NP_001243022.1  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an internal exon, and uses an alternate acceptor splice site at the 3' terminal exon compared to variant 1. This results in translation initiation from another start site, and a shorter isoform (4) with distinct N- and C- termini compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003048
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4D7V5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3B7B7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02576
      Location:293 – 356
      Blast Score: 194
      bZIP_1; bZIP transcription factor

    5. NM_001256094.1 → NP_001243023.1  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform 5

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks several exons from the 3' end, and has a different 3' UTR compared to variant 1. This results in an isoform (5) with a shorter C-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC007435, BC026175, DA995464
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8TAR1

    6. NM_001880.3 → NP_001871.2  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1). Variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BC130335, BX648469, DA995464
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2262.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15336
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3B7B7
      Related
      ENSP00000264110, OTTHUMP00000163262, ENST00000264110, OTTHUMT00000255562
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02576
      Location:351 – 414
      Blast Score: 200
      bZIP_1; bZIP transcription factor

    RNA

    1. NR_045768.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) contains two additional exons compared to variant 1. It is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BC130335, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003043

    2. NR_045769.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (8) contains two additional exons, and uses an alternate acceptor splice site at the 3' terminal exon compared to variant 1. It is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BC130335, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003036

    3. NR_045770.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (9) contains two additional exons, and lacks another exon compared to variant 1. It is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003044

    4. NR_045771.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (10) contains an additional exon compared to variant 1. It is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BC130335, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003039

    5. NR_045772.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (11) contains two additional exons, and lacks another exon compared to variant 1. It is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BC130335, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003040

    6. NR_045773.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (12) contains an additional exon, and lacks another exon compared to variant 1. It is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BC130335, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003046

    7. NR_045774.1 RNA Sequence

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (13) lacks an internal exon compared to variant 1. It is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107698, BX648469, DA995464, DQ003047

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000002.11 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      175939006..176032897, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000134.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      167819700..167913939, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Help top of page

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC007435.12 (129723..178341) None
    genomic AC074291.4 AAY15004.1
    genomic AC096649.1 None
    genomic AC131958.1 AAX88876.1
    genomic CH471058.2 EAX11109.1
      EAX11110.1
      EAX11111.1
      EAX11112.1
      EAX11113.1
    mRNA AI200584.1 None
    mRNA AK128731.1 BAG54719.1
    mRNA AY029364.1 AAK55760.1
    mRNA BC026175.1 AAH26175.1
    mRNA BC107698.1 AAI07699.1
    mRNA BC130335.1 AAI30336.1
    mRNA BC130337.1 AAI30338.1
    mRNA BX648469.1 None
    mRNA DA995464.1 None
    mRNA DQ003036.1 AAY17202.1
    mRNA DQ003037.1 AAY17203.1
    mRNA DQ003038.1 AAY17204.1
    mRNA DQ003039.1 AAY17205.1
    mRNA DQ003040.1 AAY17206.1
    mRNA DQ003041.1 AAY17207.1
    mRNA DQ003042.1 AAY17208.1
    mRNA DQ003043.1 AAY17209.1
    mRNA DQ003044.1 AAY17210.1
    mRNA DQ003045.1 AAY17211.1
    mRNA DQ003046.1 AAY17212.1
    mRNA DQ003047.1 AAY17213.1
    mRNA DQ003048.1 AAY17214.1
    mRNA DQ003049.1 AAY17215.1
    mRNA M31630.1 AAA35951.1
    mRNA X15875.1 CAA33886.1
    other-genetic HQ258270.1 ADR83024.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P15336.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P15336
    Q3B7B7 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q3B7B7
    Q8TAR1 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q8TAR1
    Q96JT8 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q96JT8
    Help top of page

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
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    Miscellaneous

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