- AKT phosphorylates targets in the nucleus, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
AKT phosphorylates targets in the nucleus, organism-specific biosystemAfter translocation into the nucleus, AKT can phosphorylate a number of targets there such as CREB, forkhead transcription factors, SRK and NUR77.
- ATF-2 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
ATF-2 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
ATF-2 transcription factor network
- Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystemTLR4 is unique among the TLR family in its ability to recruit four adapters to activate two distinct signaling pathways. One pathway is activated by the pair of the adapters Mal or TIRAP (Toll/inter...
- Activation of NMDA receptor upon glutamate binding and postsynaptic events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activation of NMDA receptor upon glutamate binding and postsynaptic events, organism-specific biosystemNMDA receptors are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors that are specifically activated by a glutamate agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Activation of NMDA receptor involves opening of the ...
- Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystemAdaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response efficiently involved in clearing the pathogens. The adaptive immune system is comprised of B and T lymphocytes that express receptors with...
- Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThe different classess of factors involved in adipogenesis are shown. Adipogenesis is the process by which fat cells differentiate from predadipocytes to adipocytes (fat cells). Adipose tissue, compo...
- Alcoholism, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Alcoholism, organism-specific biosystemAlcoholism, also called dependence on alcohol (ethanol), is a chronic relapsing disorder that is progressive and has serious detrimental health outcomes. As one of the primary mediators of the reward...
- Alcoholism, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Alcoholism, conserved biosystemAlcoholism, also called dependence on alcohol (ethanol), is a chronic relapsing disorder that is progressive and has serious detrimental health outcomes. As one of the primary mediators of the reward...
- Amphetamine addiction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Amphetamine addiction, organism-specific biosystemAmphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that exerts persistent addictive effects. Most addictive drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefr...
- Amphetamine addiction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Amphetamine addiction, conserved biosystemAmphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that exerts persistent addictive effects. Most addictive drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefr...
- Androgen receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Androgen receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemAndrogens, mainly testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) play significant role in the growth and development of the male reproductive organs. These steroid hormones bring about their biolo...
- Antigen processing and presentation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Antigen processing and presentation, organism-specific biosystem
Antigen processing and presentation
- Antigen processing and presentation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Antigen processing and presentation, conserved biosystem
Antigen processing and presentation
- Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystemAxon guidance / axon pathfinding is the process by which neurons send out axons to reach the correct targets. Growing axons have a highly motile structure at the growing tip called the growth cone, w...
- B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe B cell receptor includes membrane ?? heavy chain molecules bound to a light chain and an Ig alpha (CD79A)/Ig beta (CD79B) heterodimer. Activation of the B cell receptor involves phosphorylation o...
- BDNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
BDNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin essential for growth, differentiation, plasticity, and survival of neurons. BDNF is also required for processes such as energy metabolism, b...
- CREB phosphorylation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
CREB phosphorylation, organism-specific biosystemNerve growth factor (NGF) activates multiple signalling pathways that mediate the phosphorylation of CREB at the critical regulatory site, serine 133. CREB phosphorylation at serine 133 is a crucial ...
- CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Adenylate Cyclase, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Adenylate Cyclase, organism-specific biosystemCa2+ signal generated through NMDA receptor in the post-synaptic neuron activates adenylate cyclase signal transduction, leading to the activation of PKA and phosphorylation and activation of CREB-in...
- CREB phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKII, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
CREB phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKII, organism-specific biosystemCa2+ signal generated through NMDA receptor in the post-synaptic neuron activates adenylate cyclase signal transduction, leading to the activation of PKA and phosphorylation and activation of CREB-in...
- CREB phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKK, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
CREB phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKK, organism-specific biosystemTransient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration after NMDA receptor activation leads to the activation of the CaMKIV via the activation of CaM-kinase kinase. CaM-kinase kinase and CaMKIV are b...
- CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Ras, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Ras, organism-specific biosystemCa2+ influx through the NMDA receptor initiates subsequent molecular pathways that have a defined role in establishing long-lasting synaptic changes. The molecular signaling initiated by a rise in Ca...
- Ca-dependent events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Ca-dependent events, organism-specific biosystemCalcium, as the ion Ca2+, is essential in many biological processes. The majority of Ca2+ in many organisms is bound to phosphates which form skeletal structures and also buffer Ca2+ levels in extrac...
- CaM pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
CaM pathway, organism-specific biosystemCalmodulin (CaM) is a small acidic protein that contains four EF-hand motifs, each of which can bind a calcium ion, therefore it can bind up to four calcium ions. The protein has two approximately sy...
- CaMK IV-mediated phosphorylation of CREB, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
CaMK IV-mediated phosphorylation of CREB, organism-specific biosystemThe Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) cascade includes three kinases: CaM-kinase kinase (CaMKK); and the CaM kinases CaMKI and CaMKIV, which are phosphorylated and activated by Ca...
- Calmodulin induced events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Calmodulin induced events, organism-specific biosystemOne important physiological role for Calmodulin is the regulation of adenylylcyclases. Four of the nine known adenylylcyclases are calcium sensitive, in particular type 8 (AC8).
- Cholinergic synapse, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cholinergic synapse, organism-specific biosystemAcetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as lear...
- Circadian Clock, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Circadian Clock, organism-specific biosystemAt the center of the mammalian circadian clock is a negative transcription/translation-based feedback loop: The BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2 heterodimer transactivates CRY and PER genes by binding E-box element...
- Circadian entrainment, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Circadian entrainment, organism-specific biosystemCircadian entrainment is a fundamental property by which the period of the internal biological clock is entrained by recurring exogenous signals, such that the organism's endocrine and behavioral rhy...
- Circadian entrainment, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Circadian entrainment, conserved biosystemCircadian entrainment is a fundamental property by which the period of the internal biological clock is entrained by recurring exogenous signals, such that the organism's endocrine and behavioral rhy...
- Circadian rhythm, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Circadian rhythm, organism-specific biosystemCircadian rhythm is an internal biological clock, which enables to sustain an approximately 24-hour rhythm in the absence of environmental cues. In mammals, the circadian clock mechanism consists of ...
- Circadian rhythm, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Circadian rhythm, conserved biosystemCircadian rhythm is an internal biological clock, which enables to sustain an approximately 24-hour rhythm in the absence of environmental cues. In mammals, the circadian clock mechanism consists of ...
- Cocaine addiction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cocaine addiction, organism-specific biosystemDrug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder in which compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior persists despite serious negative consequences.There is strong evidence that the dopaminergic...
- Cocaine addiction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cocaine addiction, conserved biosystemDrug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder in which compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior persists despite serious negative consequences.There is strong evidence that the dopaminergic...
- Constitutive PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Constitutive PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemClass IA PI3K is a heterodimer of a p85 regulatory subunit (encoded by PIK3R1, PIK3R2 or PIK3R3) and a p110 catalytic subunit (encoded by PIK3CA, PIK3CB or PIK3CD). In the absence of activating signa...
- DAG and IP3 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
DAG and IP3 signaling, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway describes the generation of DAG and IP3 by the PLCgamma-mediated hydrolysis of PIP2 and the subsequent downstream signaling events.
- DAP12 interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
DAP12 interactions, organism-specific biosystemDNAX activation protein of 12kDa (DAP12) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-bearing adapter molecule that transduces activating signals in natural killer (NK) and myeloid cel...
- DAP12 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
DAP12 signaling, organism-specific biosystemIn response to receptor ligation, the tyrosine residues in DAP12's immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) are phosphorylated by Src family kinases. These phosphotyrosines form the dock...
- DNA damage response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
DNA damage response, organism-specific biosystemThis is the first pathway out of two pathways which deals with DNA damage response. It has two central gene products (ATM and ATR) which are connected to the sources of DNA damage (in blue). The two ...
- Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
- Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
- Dopaminergic synapse, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Dopaminergic synapse, organism-specific biosystemDopamine (DA) is an important and prototypical slow neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, motivation and reward, learning an...
- Dopaminergic synapse, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Dopaminergic synapse, conserved biosystemDopamine (DA) is an important and prototypical slow neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, motivation and reward, learning an...
- Downstream Signaling Events Of B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream Signaling Events Of B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystemSecond messengers (calcium, diacylglycerol, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and phosphatidyinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) trigger signaling pathways: NF-kappaB is activated via protein kinase C beta, RA...
- Downstream signal transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream signal transduction, organism-specific biosystemThe role of autophosphorylation sites on PDGF receptors are to provide docking sites for downstream signal transduction molecules which contain SH2 domains. The SH2 domain is a conserved motif of aro...
- Downstream signaling of activated FGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR, organism-specific biosystemSignaling via FGFRs is mediated via direct recruitment of signaling proteins that bind to tyrosine auto-phosphorylation sites on the activated receptor and via closely linked docking proteins that be...
- EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, organism-specific biosystemActivated epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) can stimulate phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover. Activated EGFR can activate phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1, i.e. PLCG1) which hydrolyses phosp...
- EGFR1 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
EGFR1 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe androgen receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand activated transcription factors. These receptors bind to steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, retinoids and vitamin D among ot...
- Energy Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Energy Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemThe PPARGC1A protein is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. This protein interacts with the nuclear receptor PPARG, which permits the interaction of ...
- ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem
ErbB1 downstream signaling
- Estrogen signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Estrogen signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemEstrogens are steroid hormones that regulate a plethora of physiological processes in mammals, including reproduction, cardiovascular protection, bone integrity, cellular homeostasis, and behavior. E...
- Estrogen signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Estrogen signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemEstrogen receptor refers to a group of receptors which are activated by the hormone 17??-estradiol (estrogen). Two types of estrogen receptor exist: ER which is a member of the nuclear hormone family...
- Estrogen signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Estrogen signaling pathway, conserved biosystemEstrogens are steroid hormones that regulate a plethora of physiological processes in mammals, including reproduction, cardiovascular protection, bone integrity, cellular homeostasis, and behavior. E...
- FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks, organism-specific biosystem
FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks
- FSH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
FSH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is an anterior pituitary gonadotropin belonging to the family of glycoprotein hormones that includes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Leutinizing Hormone (LH)...
- G-protein mediated events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G-protein mediated events, organism-specific biosystemWhen dissociated Galpha-GTP and Gbeta-gamma can activate or inhibit different signalling cascades and effector proteins. The precise pathways depends on the identity of the alpha and beta/gamma subty...
- G1 to S cell cycle control, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
G1 to S cell cycle control, organism-specific biosystemIn the G1 phase there are two types of DNA damage responses, the p53-dependent and the p53-independent pathways. The p53-dependent responses inhibit CDKs through the up-regulation of genes encoding C...
- GAB1 signalosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
GAB1 signalosome, organism-specific biosystemGAB1 is recruited to the activated EGFR indirectly, through GRB2. GAB1 acts as an adaptor protein that enables formation of an active PIK3, through recruitment of PIK3 regulatory subunit PIK3R1 (also...
- Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK, organism-specific biosystemGastrin is a hormone whose main function is to stimulate secretion of hydrochloric acid by the gastric mucosa, which results in gastrin formation inhibition. This hormone also acts as a mitogenic fac...
- Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network, organism-specific biosystem
Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network
- HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network
- HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
- HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
- Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and...
- Huntington's disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Huntington's disease, organism-specific biosystemHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects medium spiny striatal neurons (MSN). The symptoms are choreiform, involuntary movements, personality...
- Huntington's disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Huntington's disease, conserved biosystemHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects medium spiny striatal neurons (MSN). The symptoms are choreiform, involuntary movements, personality...
- Hypothetical Network for Drug Addiction, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Hypothetical Network for Drug Addiction, organism-specific biosystemAdapted from figure 2 in [http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0040002 Li et al.].
- IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-3 belongs to a family of cytokines, which includes IL-5 and GM-CSF. It signals through a receptor complex comprising of an IL-3 specific IL-3 receptor alpha subunit (IL3RA) and a common b...
- Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
- Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
- Insulin secretion, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Insulin secretion, organism-specific biosystemPancreatic beta cells are specialised endocrine cells that continuously sense the levels of blood sugar and other fuels and, in response, secrete insulin to maintain normal fuel homeostasis. Glucose-...
- Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway incorporates the most important proteins for Breast Cancer. The Rp score from the Connectivity-Maps (C-Maps) webserver was used to determine the rank of the most important proteins in Br...
- Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
- Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemIL-11 is a multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the gp130 family. It was first isolated from a primate bone marrow derived cell line, PU-34 for its ability to stimulate the proliferation of a pla...
- LKB1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
LKB1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
LKB1 signaling events
- LPA4-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
LPA4-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
LPA4-mediated signaling events
- Leptin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Leptin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemLeptin is a peptide hormone mainly synthesised and secreted from adipocytes. It is also expressed in other tissues including placenta, stomach and skeletal muscle. Leptin mediates its effects by bind...
- MAP kinase activation in TLR cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MAP kinase activation in TLR cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, one of the most ancient and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, is involved in many processes of immune responses. The MAP kinases cascad...
- MAPK targets/ Nuclear events mediated by MAP kinases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MAPK targets/ Nuclear events mediated by MAP kinases, organism-specific biosystemMAPKs are protein kinases that, once activated, phosphorylate their specific cytosolic or nuclear substrates at serine and/or threonine residues. Such phosphorylation events can either positively or ...
- Melanogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Melanogenesis, organism-specific biosystemCutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory cont...
- Melanogenesis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Melanogenesis, conserved biosystemCutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory cont...
- MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemMammalian myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR)-domain containing adapter protein which plays crucial role in TLR signaling. All TLRs, with only one exception of...
- MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome, organism-specific biosystemUpon binding of their ligands, TLR7/8 and TLR9 recruit a cytoplasmic adaptor MyD88 and IRAKs, downstream of which the signaling pathways are divided to induce either inflammatory cytokines or type I ...
- MyD88-independent cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88-independent cascade, organism-specific biosystemMyD88-independent signaling route utilizes TRAM and TRIF adapters, that are essential for production of both type 1 interferons(IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. TRAM is thought to bridge between...
- MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemThe first known downstream component of TLR4 and TLR2 signaling is the adaptor MyD88. Another adapter MyD88-adaptor-like (Mal; also known as TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein or TIRAP) has also b...
- Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway illustrates signaling networks implicated in uterine muscle contraction at labor and quiescence throughout gestation (pregnancy). The muscle of the uterus, responsible for contractile ac...
- NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, organism-specific biosystemThe neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and is involved in a variety of cellular processes of importance for the formation and maintenance of the n...
- NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemTrk receptors signal from the plasma membrane and from intracellular membranes, particularly from early endosomes. Signalling from the plasma membrane is fast but transient; signalling from endosomes...
- Neuronal System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Neuronal System, organism-specific biosystemThe human brain contains at least 100 billion neurons, each with the ability to influence many other cells. Clearly, highly sophisticated and efficient mechanisms are needed to enable communication a...
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell, organism-specific biosystemThe neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft released by the pre-synaptic neuron binds specific receptors located on the post-synaptic terminal. These receptors are either ion channels or G protein cou...
- Nongenotropic Androgen signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Nongenotropic Androgen signaling, organism-specific biosystem
Nongenotropic Androgen signaling
- Nuclear Events (kinase and transcription factor activation), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nuclear Events (kinase and transcription factor activation), organism-specific biosystemAn important function of the kinase cascade triggered by neurotrophins is to induce the phosphorylation and activation of transcription factors in the nucleus to initiate new programs of gene express...
- Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemOncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the multifunctional cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) - type cytokine family. It is mainly produced in cell types such as activated T lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes,...
- Opioid Signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Opioid Signalling, organism-specific biosystemOpioids are chemical substances similar to opiates, the active substances found in opium (morphine, codeine etc.). Opioid action is mediated by the receptors for endogenous opioids; peptides such as...
- Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
- Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
- PI-3K cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI-3K cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe ability of growth factors to protect from apoptosis is primarily due to the activation of the AKT survival pathway. P-I-3-kinase dependent activation of PDK leads to the activation of AKT which i...
- PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemERBB2:ERBB3 and ERBB2:ERBB4cyt1 heterodimers activate PI3K signaling by direct binding of PI3K regulatory subunit p85 (Yang et al. 2007, Cohen et al. 1996, Kaushansky et al. 2008) to phosphorylated t...
- PI3K events in ERBB4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K events in ERBB4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe CYT1 isoforms of ERBB4 possess a C-tail tyrosine residue that, upon trans-autophosphorylation, serves as a docking site for the p85 alpha subunit of PI3K - PIK3R1 (Kaushansky et al. 2008, Cohen e...
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
- PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway describes how normal signaling by PI3K/AKT, presented in the contained module 'PIP3 Activates AKT Signaling' and recently reviewed by Manning and Cantley in 2007, is perturbed in cancer,...
- PI3K/AKT activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K/AKT activation, organism-specific biosystemPI3K/AKT signalling is a major regulator of neuron survival. It blocks cell death by both impinging on the cytoplasmic cell death machinery and by regulating the expression of genes involved in cell...
- PIP3 activates AKT signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PIP3 activates AKT signaling, organism-specific biosystemSignaling by AKT is one of the key outcomes of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation. AKT is activated by the cellular second messenger PIP3, a phospholipid that is generated by PI3K. In ustimula...
- PKA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PKA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB, organism-specific biosystemCyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) induces gene transcription through activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and subsequent phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP respo...
- PLC beta mediated events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PLC beta mediated events, organism-specific biosystemThe phospholipase C (PLC) family of enzymes is both diverse and complex. The isoforms beta, gamma and delta (each have subtypes) make up the members of this family. PLC hydrolyzes phosphatidylinosito...
- PLC-gamma1 signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PLC-gamma1 signalling, organism-specific biosystemThe activation of phosphlipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) and subsequent mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores are essential for neurotrophin secretion. PLC-gamma is activated through the phosph...
- PLCG1 events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PLCG1 events in ERBB2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemActivation of PLCG1 signaling is observed only in the presence of ERBB2:EGFR heterodimers, with PLCG1 binding to phosphorylated tyrosine Y992 and Y1173 in the C-tail of EGFR (Chattopadhyay et al. 199...
- Phospholipase C-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Phospholipase C-mediated cascade, organism-specific biosystemPhospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) is a substrate of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and other receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. It is known that the src homology region 2 (SH2 dom...
- Post NMDA receptor activation events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Post NMDA receptor activation events, organism-specific biosystemCa2+ influx through the NMDA receptor initiates subsequent molecular pathways that have a defined role in establishing long-lasting synaptic changes. The molecular signaling initiated by a rise in Ca...
- Prostate cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Prostate cancer, organism-specific biosystemProstate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of...
- Prostate cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Prostate cancer, conserved biosystemProstate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of...
- Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling
- SIDS Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
SIDS Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystemIn this model, we provide an integrated view of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at the level of implicated tissues, signaling networks and genetics. The purpose of this model is to serve as an ov...
- SREBP signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
SREBP signalling, organism-specific biosystemSterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are membrane-bound proteins that act as transcription factors. They regulate lipid, especially cholesterol, biosynthesis and uptake at a transcript...
- Serotonin Receptor 4/6/7 and NR3C Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Serotonin Receptor 4/6/7 and NR3C Signaling, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is courtesy of Ariadne Genomics Pathway Studio.
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystemThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one member of the ERBB family of transmembrane glycoprotein tyrosine receptor kinases (RTK). Binding of EGFR to its ligands induces conformational chang...
- Signaling by EGFR in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by EGFR in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemThe pathway "Signaling by EGFR in Cancer" shows "Signaling by constitutively active EGFR" in parallel with "Signaling by EGFR". This allows users to compare signaling by constitutively active EGFR ca...
- Signaling by ERBB2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by ERBB2, organism-specific biosystemERBB2, also known as HER2 or NEU, is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) belonging to the EGFR family. ERBB2 possesses an extracellular domain that does not bind any known ligand, contrary to other EGFR...
- Signaling by ERBB4, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by ERBB4, organism-specific biosystemERBB4, also known as HER4, belongs to the ERBB family of receptors, which also includes ERBB1 (EGFR i.e. HER1), ERBB2 (HER2 i.e. NEU) and ERBB3 (HER3). Similar to EGFR, ERBB4 has an extracellular lig...
- Signaling by FGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR, organism-specific biosystemThe 22 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of growth factors mediate their cellular responses by binding to and activating the different isoforms encoded by the four receptor tyrosin...
- Signaling by FGFR in disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR in disease, organism-specific biosystemThe pathway 'Signaling by FGFR in disease' shows 'Signaling by FGFR mutants' in parallel with the wild-type pathway 'Signaling by FGFR', allowing users to compare disease and normal events. FGFR mut...
- Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven transmembrane domain receptors; heptahelical receptors; G protein-linked receptors [GPLR]) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors i...
- Signaling by PDGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by PDGF, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is a potent stimulator of growth and motility of connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells as well as other cells such as capillary end...
- Signaling by SCF-KIT, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by SCF-KIT, organism-specific biosystemStem cell factor (SCF) is a growth factor with membrane bound and soluble forms. It is expressed by fibroblasts and endothelial cells throughout the body, promoting proliferation, migration, survival...
- Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystemMature B cells express IgM and IgD immunoglobulins which are complexed at the plasma membrane with Ig-alpha (CD79A, MB-1) and Ig-beta (CD79B, B29) to form the B cell receptor (BCR) (Fu et al. 1974, F...
- Signaling events regulated by Ret tyrosine kinase, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Signaling events regulated by Ret tyrosine kinase, organism-specific biosystem
Signaling events regulated by Ret tyrosine kinase
- Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta, organism-specific biosystem
Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta
- Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles in survival, differentiation, and plasticity of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. They are produced, and secreted in mi...
- TCR Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TCR Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex is composed of a ligand-binding subunit, the ? and ? chains, and a signaling subunit, namely the CD3?, ? and ? chains and the TCR? chain. This complex partic...
- TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation, organism-specific biosystemTRAF6 mediates NFkB activation via canonical phosphorylation of IKK complex by TAK1. TRAF6 and TAK1 also regulate MAPK cascades leading to the activation of AP-1.
- TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemTRIF was shown to induce IRF3/7 and NF-?B activation and apoptosis through distinct intracellular signaling pathways [Han KJ et al 2004; Kaiser WJ and Offermann MK et al 2005]. TRIF consists of an N...
- TSH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TSH signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemHuman thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a glycoprotein secreted by the anterior part of the pituitary gland (1). TSH plays an important physiological role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pit...
- Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemLittle is known about TLR10 ligands. It has been established that the receptor homodimerizes upon binding and signals in an MyD88-dependent manner (Hasan U et al 2005; Nyman T et al 2008). It may als...
- Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 is involved in recognition of peptidoglycan from gram-positive bacteria, bacterial lipoproteins, mycoplasma lipoprotein and mycobacterial products. It is quite possible that recognition of at le...
- Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as was shown for mammals is expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium, macrophages, and appears to play a central role in mediating the antiviral and in...
- Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like Receptor 4 is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern receptor well known for it's sensitivity to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is assembled within diverse Gram-negative bacteria,...
- Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR5 is the receptor for flagellin, the protein that forms bacterial flagella. Unlike most other Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), flagellin does not undergo any posttranslational modif...
- Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemRNA can serve as a danger signal, both in its double-stranded form (that is associated with viral infection), as well as single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Specifically, guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich...
- Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemCpG DNA is an unusual Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP). Cytosine methylation exists in mammalian but not bacterial cells, and most (but not all) CpG in the mammalian genome is methylated....
- Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR1 is expressed by monocytes. TLR1 and TLR2 cotranslationally form heterodimeric complexes on the cell surface and in the cytosol. The TLR2:TLR1 complex recognizes Neisserial PorB and Mycobacterial...
- Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade, organism-specific biosystemTLR2 and TLR4 recognize different bacterial cell wall components. While TLR4 is trained onto Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide components, TLR2 - in combination with TLR6 - plays a major role in recog...
- Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystemIn human, ten members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family (TLR1-TLR10) have been identified (TLR11 has been found in mouse, but not in human). All TLRs have a similar Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) doma...
- Transmission across Chemical Synapses, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses, organism-specific biosystemChemical synapses are specialized junctions that are used for communication between neurons, neurons and muscle or gland cells. The synapse involves a pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron,...
- Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma, organism-specific biosystem
Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma
- Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway
- Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
- Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
- VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelium, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelium, organism-specific biosystem
VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelium
- Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional repression, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional repression, organism-specific biosystem
Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional repression
- Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, organism-specific biosystemIn the kidney, the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (AVP) is a critical regulator of water homeostasis by controlling the water movement from lumen to the interstitium for water reabsorption and adju...
- Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, conserved biosystemIn the kidney, the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (AVP) is a critical regulator of water homeostasis by controlling the water movement from lumen to the interstitium for water reabsorption and adju...
- Viral carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Viral carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThere is a strong association between viruses and the development of human malignancies. We now know that at least six human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C vi...
- Viral carcinogenesis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Viral carcinogenesis, conserved biosystemThere is a strong association between viruses and the development of human malignancies. We now know that at least six human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C vi...
- miRNAs involved in DDR, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
miRNAs involved in DDR, organism-specific biosystemMicroRNA clusters involved in de DNA damage response. Genes they regulated and genes that regulate them. All genes presented in this pathway can also be found in the pathway "DNA damage response(Homo...
- p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemp38 MAPKs are members of the MAPK family that are activated by a variety of environmental stresses and inflammatory cytokines. Stress signals are delivered to this cascade by members of small GTPases...
- p38 signaling mediated by MAPKAP kinases, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
p38 signaling mediated by MAPKAP kinases, organism-specific biosystem
p38 signaling mediated by MAPKAP kinases