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Nef
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef interacts with Hsp40, leading to increased Hsp40 translocation to the nucleus of infected cells and facilitation of viral gene expression by complex formation of Hsp40 with the cdk9-associated transcription complex |
PubMed
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nef
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CDK9 mRNA and kinase activity are upregulated in HIV-1 Nef-expressing human T cell lines |
PubMed
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Tat
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tat
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HIV-1 Tat-induced kinase activity of P-TEFb is highly sensitive to flavopiridol, a CDK inhibitor. P-TEFb-mediated phosphorylation of RNAP II CTD, SPT5, and Tat-SF1 during HIV-1 transcription elongation is also highly sensitive to flavopiridol |
PubMed
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tat
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P-TEFb regulates HIV-1 Tat-mediated activation of transcription through two built-in autoinhibitory mechanisms, autophosphorylation of CDK9 and cyclin T1 binding to the transcription elongation factor Tat-SF1 |
PubMed
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tat
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HIV-1 Tat recruits P-TEFb to the HIV-1 Transcription Activation Response (TAR) RNA during Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter |
PubMed
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tat
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HIV-1 Tat-mediated stimulation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphorylation by P-TEFb leads to stimulation of co-transcriptional capping of HIV-1 mRNA |
PubMed
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tat
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During HIV-1 Tat mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter, Tat stimulates the phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II by P-TEFb, leading to transcription elongation |
PubMed
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tat
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The p160 nuclear receptor co-activator GRIP1 binds to the N-terminal region of HIV-1 Tat, bridging HIV-1 LTR promoter-bound factors to the Tat-P-TEFb complex and enhancing the transactivating activity of Tat |
PubMed
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tat
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PARP1 negatively regulates HIV-1 transcription by directly competing with Tat-P-TEFb complex for binding to TAR RNA |
PubMed
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tat
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SKIP is required for Tat transactivation in vivo and stimulates HIV-1 transcription elongation by associating with CycT1:CDK9 (P-TEFb) and Tat:P-TEFb complexes both in nuclear extracts and in recombinant Tat:P-TEFb:TAR RNA complexes in vitro |
PubMed
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tat
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Cdk9, the catalytic subunit of P-TEFb, is ubiquitinated by Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein E3 ubiquitin ligase Skp2, which facilitates the formation of the RNA-protein complex between P-TEFb, Tat, and TAR, thereby enhancing Tat transactivation |
PubMed
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tat
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The growth factor granulin and the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein regulate HIV-1 Tat-mediated transcriptional activation by competing with the Tat interaction with cyclin T1/P-TEFb |
PubMed
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tat
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The N-terminus (amino acids 1-48, including activation domain) of HIV-1 Tat binds to P-TEFb through a direct interaction with the N-terminus (amino acids 1-290) of cyclin T1 during Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter |
PubMed
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tat
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TFIIH inhibits the phosphorylation of CDK9 in the HIV-1 transcription preinitiation complex, while HIV-1 Tat stimulates CDK9 autophosphorylation to activate transcription elongation |
PubMed
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tat
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Overexpression of CDK9 or CDK9 mutants inhibits HIV-1 Tat transcriptional activation |
PubMed
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tat
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Tat-SF1 is a required cofactor for HIV-1 Tat activity that complexes with P-TEFb and Tat, and stimulates Tat-mediated activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter |
PubMed
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tat
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P-TEFb, Puralpha and HIV-1 Tat cooperate to activate the TNFalpha promoter |
PubMed
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tat
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Hsp70 and Hsp90/Cdc37 stabilize CDK9 as well as the assembly of an active P-TEFb complex which is stimulated by HIV-1 Tat during HIV-1 transcriptional activation |
PubMed
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tat
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HIV-1 Tat competes with CIITA for the binding to P-TEFb, leading to the downregulation of MHC class II gene expression |
PubMed
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tat
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The up and downregulation of expression of CDK9 and cyclin T1 or sequestration of cyclin T1 in infected cells may regulate HIV-1 latency by up or downregulating HIV-1 Tat transcriptional activation |
PubMed
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tat
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MAQ1 and 7SK RNA interact with P-TEFb and compete with the binding of HIV-1 Tat to cyclin T1, suggesting the TAR RNA/Tat lentivirus system evolved to subvert the cellular 7SK RNA/MAQ1 system |
PubMed
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tat
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The human I-mfa domain-containing protein (HIC) interacts with both P-TEFb and HIV-1 Tat, and modulates Tat transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter |
PubMed
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tat
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Cyclin T1 is capable of recruiting CDK9 and HIV-1 Tat to splicing factor-rich nuclear speckle regions, suggesting nuclear speckles are a site of P-TEFb and Tat function |
PubMed
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tat
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The interaction of HIV-1 Tat with HIV-1 Transcription Activation Response (TAR) RNA is enhanced by the interaction of Tat with P-TEFb, and TAR RNA also enhances the interaction between Tat and cyclin T1 |
PubMed
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tat
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Amino acids 260-263 of cyclin T1 are critical for HIV-1 Tat-mediated transcriptional activation, and mediate the species specificity of cyclin T1 and P-TEFb binding to Tat |
PubMed
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tat
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P-TEFb is required for HIV-1 Tat-mediated transcriptional activation |
PubMed
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tat
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P-TEFb interacts with HIV-1 Tat as part of both the HIV-1 transcription preinitiation and elongation complexes |
PubMed
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tat
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Acetylation of HIV-1 Tat by cellular histone acetyltransferases regulates the binding of Tat to P-TEFb |
PubMed
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tat
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HIV-1 Tat stimulates the phosphorylation of SPT5 by P-TEFb during transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter |
PubMed
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Vpr
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vpr
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HIV-1 Vpr interacts with CDK9 through binding to HIV-1 Tat and cyclin T1 in a ternary complex, Tat-Vpr-Cyclin T1-CDK9, and enhances Tat transactivation of the viral LTR promoter |
PubMed
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