|
Enter one or more search terms in the query box and press the Enter key
or click Go. 
Search terms may be entered in upper or lower case. The NLM Catalog
ignores most punctuation entered for searching. The Features bar beneath
the query box provides access to additional search options.
| Boolean Operators
(AND, OR, and NOT) |
- Operators must be in upper case (e.g., AND).
- The default operator is AND.
- All operators are processed in a left-to-right sequence.
Note: To change the order in which the operators
in a search statement are processed, enclose search terms in
parentheses ('Nesting'). The terms inside the set of parentheses are
processed as a unit and then incorporated into the overall search
strategy.
- Examples:
- common cold AND (vitamin C OR zinc)
- heart disease AND (aspirin OR dilantin)
|
| Subject
Searching |
|
Subjects in NLM Catalog records include Medical Subject Headings
(MeSH), Personal Names, and Other Subjects.
- MeSH
To search a MeSH term enter the
term, followed by the field qualifier [mh].
- Example: diabetes mellitus [mh]
- To search a MeSH term with one or more subheadings, enter the
term, a forward slash, and one subheading, followed by the field
qualifier. Multiple subheadings are ORed together.
- Example:
- Single subheading: multiple
sclerosis/drug therapy [mh]
- Multiple subheadings: multiple
sclerosis/drug therapy [mh] OR multiple sclerosis/complications
[mh]
- A MeSH term may be one of the main topics discussed in the
item (MeSH Major Topic).
Enter the MeSH term followed by the
field qualifier ([majr]).
- Example:
- tumor cells, cultured [majr]
- Personal Names
Enter a personal name
following the format for searching an Author Personal Name.
Qualify the name with the Personal Name as
Subject or Personal Full Name as Subject
.
- Example:
- MacDonald RA [Personal Name as
Subject]
- MacDonald, Roger Allan
[Personal Full Name as Subject]
- Other Subject searching
Subject terms
that are not MeSH or Personal Names are in the Other Subject(s)
field. Enter the term followed by the field qualifier
[ot].
- Example:
- Legal Approach [ot]
- Walgreen Co. [ot]
- Unqualified Terms
Unqualified search
terms are processed using Automatic Term Mapping. The term is
matched against a MeSH Translation Table. If a match is found, the
term is searched as a MeSH term and as a text word.
- Example:
- Search term:
shingles
- Query Translation:
"herpes zoster"[mh] OR shingles[all]
-
- If no MeSH match is found, the term is matched against a
Journals Translation Table and then an Author Index. If there is
no match, the term is searched in All
Fields.
Searching Tip: Click on Details to
verify how the search query was translated
|
| Phrase
Searching |
|
When a phrase is entered as the search term, it is checked
against the translation table that is used in Automatic Term
Mapping. When a match is found, it is searched as a multi-word
search term.
- Examples:
- Search: multidrug resistant tuberculosis
- Query Translation: "tuberculosis,
multidrug-resistant"[mh] OR multidrug resistant tuberculosis[all]
When a phrase is not automatically identified in the table, you
can request a check for the phrase in the NLM Catalog's index of
searchable terms. Either enter the phrase in quotes, e.g., "single
cell," or qualify the phrase with a search tag, e.g., single
cell[ti]. When a phrase in double quotes is found in the index, it
is searched as a multi-word search term and automatic term mapping
is not applied. There is no explosion of MeSH terms.
- Examples:
- Search: heart beat
- Query Translation: ("heart"[mh] OR heart[all])
AND beat[all]
-
- Search: "heart beat"
- Query Translation: "heart beat"[all]
Note: If your search phrase is not in the index
of searchable terms, the individual terms in the phrase are
processed using automatic term mapping and all terms are ANDed
together.
- Examples:
- Search: repressed emotion
- Query Translation: repressed[all] AND
("emotions"[mh] OR emotion[all])
-
- Search: "repressed emotion" - System response:
'Quoted phrase not found'
- Query Translation: repressed[all] AND
("emotions"[mh] OR emotion[all])
Send suggestions of phrases to add to this index to: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/contacts/custserv-email.html. |
| Searching with Field
Qualifiers |
|
Narrow your search to specific fields by adding the Search
Field Label or Tag after the search term.
- Examples:
- hypersensitivity [mh]
- multiple sclerosis [majr]
Note: Enclose the Label or Tag qualifier in
brackets. The qualifiers can be in upper or lower case (all examples
given in help use lower case). |
| Author Searching
|
|
You can search for either the name of an individual author
(Personal Name) or for the organization (corporate name) or
conference considered the author of a work.
Personal name:
There are
several different options for searching for personal author
names.
- Enter the name in the format of last name and up to
the first two initials (no punctuation).
- Examples:
- remington js
- miller sd
A name entered using this format initiates a search of the
author field. The NLM Catalog automatically truncates the author's
name to account for varying initials and designations such as Jr
or 2nd. For example, miles m matches
miles m and miles ma, miles mf, miles mt,
etc.
-
Enter the last name qualified with the author tag
[au].
-
Search Full Author Names in the NLM Catalog without having to
use the search tag [fau]. You can also search using full author
name in the Single Record Matcher.
Unlike conventional author searching (e.g., smith js), full
author searching can be in either natural or inverted order.
- Examples:
- david m oshinsky
- oshinsky david m
When searching a full name using the inverted order, a comma
following the last name is generally optional, omit periods after
initials, and put all suffixes, e.g., Jr, at the end. For example,
to search for the author Anthony S. Fauci, you may use any of the
following formats:
- fauci, anthony s
- fauci anthony s
- anthony s fauci
Names entered in inverted order do not require a comma
following the last name. For some names, however, it is necessary
to distinguish which name is the last name by using the comma
following the last name.
- Examples:
- ryan, james
- james, ryan
Full author name searching allows for automatic truncation of
the forename. If you don't know the middle initial, do not use the
truncation symbol, enter only the last and first names.
Names with multiple middle initials, e.g., Stanley P L Leong,
have a space in between the initials. Using the examples listed
below will retrieve the expected results.
- Examples:
- stanley leong
- stanley p leong
- stanley p l leong
-
Caveat for searching Full Author Name
If the first and middle names
consist of only initials it is best to search as for author, using
the last name first and second initials, without a comma between
the elements. The use of the qualifier [au] is optional.
- Examples:
- smith ad [au]
- smith ad
Corporate or conference name:
-
Enter the name qualified with the corporate/conference author
tag [cn].
- Examples:
- American Medical Association [cn]
- american medical association. council on drugs [cn]
- Conference on Advances in Behavior Therapy [cn]
- Congress of Health Professions Educators [cn]
- International Conference for Orthodontists (11th : 1997 :
Munich, Germany)
Note: You may enter the
name with or without punctuation, e.g., International conference
for orthodontists 11th 1997 munich, germany.
The NLM Catalog
strips the punctuation for searching.
-
Use "Index" in Preview/Index to determine specific spelling for
corporate/conference names.
-
Authorized forms of names may be found by browsing name and
title headings in the Authority
Index.
|
| Title
Searching |
|
Enter one or more words from the title, with each word followed
by the field qualifier [ti].
- Examples:
- standards [ti] assessment [ti] ambulatory [ti]
-
- Results = 1 record retrieved:
- National standards for the development and
quality assessment of services initiating insulin therapy in the
ambulatory setting.
|
| Browse Name/Title Headings
|
|
Authority Index
- Provides access to an index of full author names (including
dates and name qualifiers), organizations, conference names, and
series titles, associated with the bibliographic records in the
NLM Catalog.
- Offers added value by incorporating rich cross-reference
entries for variant forms of names (includes personal, corporate
or conference names) and titles that lead the user from a raw,
initial search to the established form used on bibliographic
records in the NLM Catalog.
- Supports searching of names that may have changed over time,
providing links to other and historical names used by authors or
organizations and to conference names and series titles that have
changed numerous times. For series titles, additional information
regarding NLM's bibliographic treatment of that series is also
provided (see
Display of Series Information below).
Using
the Authority Index
Click on the new Authority Index tab that
appears to the right of the "Details" tab. Enter the name (includes
personal, corporate or conference names) or series title as an
unqualified search in the new search box that is displayed. Click
the box labeled "Search" to invoke the search of
the index.
Optionally, enter a name of a person, organization, conference,
or series title into the main search box, qualified by
[ai]. When this is done, the system automatically invokes
the "Authority Index" tab and the search also appears in the
authority index search box. Results of a Search of the
Authority Index
A search of the authority index results in an alphabetic display.
The established form of the name is hyperlinked; clicking on this
link retrieves the bibliographic record(s) associated with that name
in the NLM Catalog.
The advantage of a search of the authority index is that it
provides for more specificity in a search. As an illustration, using
the authority index results in retrieval of a single bibliographic
record associated with the name "Smith, J Barker"
whereas a search of the name as an author yields twenty-six (26)
bibliographic records that need to be examined to determine the one
desired. Using Cross References in the Authority
Index
The authority index also provides access to cross-reference
entries for variant forms of names and titles that can assist the
searcher in identifying the form used in NLM bibliographic records
and improve the success and exactness of retrieval. Additionally,
links are provided to the different forms of a name or series title
that may have changed over time.
- Searching Variant Forms
Variant forms appear before the word "see",
appear in black type, and are not hyperlinked. The user is led
from this other, variant form to the established form of the name
(appearing after the word "see") that is hyperlinked. When a user
clicks on the hyperlink for the established form, that form
appears in the authority index search box and at the top of the
authority index. Clicking once again on the established form in
the authority index retrieves all bibliographic records associated
with that established name.
- Using Links to Other Forms
The authority index also provides links to earlier, later, and
related forms of names and titles, identified by the label
"see also." These "see also" entries provide
links to other names used by persons over time, historical names
of organizations, and changes in titles of series.
All established forms used by the organization appear after the
phrase "see also" and are hyperlinked. Clicking on these
established forms leads the user to the bibliographic records
associated with those names or titles. Display of Series Information
When a series title is searched in the authority index, the
display of the series title is prefaced by a plus sign (+) and the
label "Series: ," with the title of the series appearing
alphabetically.
Clicking on the plus sign reveals additional information related
to the NLM treatment of that series title. The information provided
includes the NLM analysis practice, classification practice, and
classification number (when present). These data appear labeled
as:
| Analysis Practice: |
Identifies whether the series title
is analyzed at NLM (i.e., whether a user can expect to find
separate bibliographic records in the NLM Catalog for
individually titled volumes that are part of a series).
Parenthetical information related to the analysis practice may
also appear. |
| Classification Practice: |
Identifies whether the series title
is classified together in one classification number or whether
each bibliographic record in that series is given a unique
subject-oriented classification. Parenthetical information
related to the classification practice may also appear. |
| Classification Number: |
Identifies the NLM classification
number assigned (when one is available).
|
Special
Considerations
- New and changed authority information is added to the NLM
Catalog on a weekly basis; therefore, the search results may not
be comprehensive.
- When an authority index search is performed using the main
search box and the qualifier [ai], the system
automatically invokes the "Authority Index" tab, so that the
search also appears in the authority index search box. Here,
either pressing the enter key or clicking "Go"
invokes a search.
- Click the "Search" button when using the
authority index search from the "Authority Index"
tab. Pressing the enter key does not invoke a search on
this tab.
- To inactivate the "Authority Index tab," click "Go" next to
the main search box.
- When the desired established form is selected from the
authority index, the system automatically enters a number with the
qualifier for the authority index id number
[aiid] in the main search box.
- The "Details" tab contains the authority index id number
[aiid] for the search, not the literal of the
name(s) or series title(s) that the user has entered.
- When searches are done against the authority index, the
"History" tab contains the trail of authority index id number(s)
[aiid] retrieved and it is not possible to view
the history of the names or series titles searched. As for other
searches in the NLM Catalog, the number in the "Results" column
refers to the number of bibliographic records associated with that
authority index id [aiid].
For detailed information see the NLM
Technical Bulletin. |
| Truncation /
Wildcard |
|
Truncation or wildcard searching allows you to search a root word
and all of its variations that might prove valuable to your search
(for example, using 'flavor' to find all terms that begin with
flavor: flavored, flavorful, etc.).
- Place an asterisk at the end of a term to search for all words
that begin with it, e.g., flavor* to find flavor,
flavored, flavorful, etc.
- This truncation feature is limited to the first
600 variations found. If the search retrieves
more than the 600 variations, you will be shown the following
warning message:
- Wildcard search for term* used only the first 600
variations.
Lengthen the root word to search for all endings.
Note: Truncation turns off automatic term
mapping and automatic explosion of a MeSH term. |
| Single Record
Matcher |
|
Use this feature to find the citation for any resource in the NLM
Catalog (e.g., book, book chapter, audiovisual material or
serial).
- Enter information in any or all of the search boxes.
- For author, enter the name in the format last name and
up to the first two initials (no punctuation).
- Examples:
- remington j
- miller sd
|
| Search
Features |
|
The following search features are located on the NLM Catalog
Features bar.
Limits
This feature
limits or restricts your search by:
-
Field (e.g., MeSH term)
-
Language
Note: The feature provides a list
of the most frequently searched languages.
You may also search for a language by entering the language
name in the query box and qualifying it with the search field tag
[la].
- Examples:
- latin [la]
- welsh [la]
The complete list of languages used is based on the official
list of languages provided in the MARC Code List of
Languages, a standard maintained by the U.S. Library of
Congress, and available at http://www.loc.gov/marc/languages/langhome.html.
The full list of languages can also be viewed and searched
using Preview/Index.
Click on Preview/Index, select "Language"
from the pull-down menu, and click "Index." The list of languages
will be presented.
-
Material Type (e.g., Books)
The pull-down menu contains a
list of frequently searched physical formats (items) and resource
types.
For a material type not on the list, enter it in the query box,
qualified by the search field name (see the list of Item and
Resource Types below.)
- Examples:
- map [item]
- videorecording [res type]
-
- The complete list of entries for Item Type
[item] includes:
- book
- book chapter
- collection manuscript
- collection print
- electronic resource
- electronic serial
- kit
- manuscript
- map
- mixed material
- nonmusical recording
- recording
- resource
- serial
- still image
- three dimensional object
- visual material
- The complete list of entries for Resource Type [res
type] includes:
- aperture card
- comic strip
- diskette
- electronic resource undifferentiated
- filmstrip
- flashcard
- graphic
- kit
- map
- microfiche
- microfilm
- microform undifferentiated
- motion picture
- nonprojected graphic undifferentiated
- optical disc
- projected graphic undifferentiated
- regalia
- remote electronic resource
- slide
- sound recording
- text
- transparency
- videorecording
- Publication Date(s)
Use the "From" and "To" boxes to
specify a range of dates. To search a single year, enter the year
in both boxes. If no date is entered in the "To" box, the NLM
Catalog searches the date in the "From" box through the Year 3000.
If no date is entered in the "From" box, the NLM Catalog searches
all dates preceding the one in the "To" box, starting with year
1.
- Examples:
- Publication Year from 1995 to 2001
- (searches 1995[dp] : 2001[dp])
-
- Publication Year from 1995 to 1995
- (searches 1995[dp] : 1995[dp])
-
- Publication Year from 1995 to ____
- (searches 1995[dp] : 3000[dp])
-
- Publication Year from ____ to 1995
- (searches 1[dp] : 1995[dp])
- Items owned by NLM - identifies items owned by the National
Library of Medicine. For specific holdings, view the LocatorPlus
record by using the link in the NLM ID or, on the Expanded
Display, the NLM Holdings in LocatorPlus icon. The link opens a
new window to display the record. Close the LocatorPlus window to
return to the NLM Catalog results.
Preview/Index
Preview
Displays the number of
results for a search of the term(s) in the query box or of a term
qualified by field:
- Select a field from the All Fields pull-down menu.
- Enter search term in the adjacent box.
- Click on Preview; or
- Add the term to the query box by selecting a Boolean operator
(AND, OR, or NOT) and start the search.
- Click on the result number to display the NLM Catalog records.
Index
Allows you to build a search,
selecting from a list of terms within a search field:
- Select a field from the All Fields pull-down menu.
- Enter a term in the adjacent box; click Index for an
alphabetic list of terms for the selected field.
- Select one or more terms from the list (multiple terms are
ORed).
- Click AND to add the term(s) to the query box.
- When you have completed selecting terms from field(s),
click on Preview to see the number of results
or
click on Go to see the NLM
Catalog records.
History
Displays the search
strategies and results of your searches.
- To view the results of a search, click on the result number.
- Use the pound sign (#) before the search number(s) to build on
a search and to combine searches.
- Examples:
- #3 AND laser therapy
- #5 AND #7
- Search result numbers may not be continuous. Some numbers are
assigned to intermediate processes, e.g., displaying a record in
another format.
Clipboard
Stores selected
items from one or more searches. (To store items see "Send
To".)
- Stored items can be sorted, displayed, printed, e-mailed, and
saved to file.
- After 8 hours of inactivity, the contents of the clipboard
will be deleted.
Details
- Displays your search as it was translated by the NLM Catalog.
- Allows you to save a search query.
- Allows you to edit and resubmit a search query.
- May display error messages or notes.
|
| Search
Results |
- Display
- Display Order:
Records in the NLM
Catalog are displayed in reverse publication date order, latest to
earliest, except the most recent week's additions which appear at
the top. Records that do not contain a date of publication sort at
the bottom. See FAQ:
Search Results Display .
- Display Formats:
- Summary may
display:
- Author(s)
- Title
- Source
- Edition
- Publication information
- NLM ID
- links to LinkOut and, if included there, Bookshelf.
- Brief may
display:
- Author(s)
- Title
- NLM ID
- links to LinkOut and, if included there, Bookshelf.
- Expanded may
display the following, labeled with the field names:
- Author(s)
- NASA Affiliation
- Investigator(s)
- Title Abbreviation
- Title
- Translated Title
- In
- Edition
- Publication Date(s)
- Frequency
- Publisher
- Continues (Preceding title)
- Continued By (Succeeding title)
- Series
- Other Titles(s)
- Description
- Language
- SuDocs Number
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Electronic Links
- Indexed In
- Indexing History
- MeSH
- Person as Subject
- Other Subject(s)
- Publication Type(s)
- Space Flight Mission
- Finding Aids
- Summary
- Notes
- Terms of Use
- Cite As
- Acquisition Source
- Provenance
- Contents
- Report Number
- NLM ID
- type of resource/resource unit displays unlabelled following
NLM ID
- links to LinkOut and, if included there, Bookshelf.
- Full displays
all fields that are searchable in the record.
- XML presents
the complete record information in XML format.
- Note: The NLM ID is a link to the record in
LocatorPlus, and it opens a new window to display it. When you
are finished viewing the record, close the LocatorPlus window
and return to the NLM Catalog results.
-
- Sort
-
- Select a sort field from the Sort pull-down menu (NLM ID,
Author, or Title)
- Click on Display
- Author and Title displays are sorted A to
Z:
Author sort, secondary sort is
Title.
Title sort, secondary sort is
Author.
- Send To
- Provides ways to process search results through several
options (Text, File, Clipboard, E-mail):
- Display selected or all search results as plain
Text
- Save selected or all search results to a text
File.
- Store search results on the Clipboard
- E-mail search results
Select E-mail from pull-down
menu and click on Send to.
Select Format and display (HTML or
text) for the items.
Select Sort.
Select number of items
to be sent.
Enter e-mail address.
Optionally, enter text
(e.g., a message) in the 'Additional text' box.
Click on
Mail.
-
Note: Please see the Uniform Requirements for
Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (http://www.icmje.org/ ) and
provided examples
for information on standard citation formats used in biomedical
journals.
- Print - several print
options available:
-
- Use the Print function of your Web browser to print the
information on the Web page.
- Select 'Text' on the Send to pull-down menu
and click on Send to. Use the Print function of your Web browser
to print the text.
Note: Use the Show
pull-down menu to change the number of items displayed on a
page.
-
- Links (located to
the right of each result)
-
- LocatorPlus: a link to the individual
record in NLM LocatorPlus. Use your browser's Back button to
return to the NLM Catalog results.
- LinkOut: when configured, allows libraries
to link to their sites on items from the NLM Catalog for
holdings information.
What
is a "cookie"?
A "cookie" is information sent by a Web site
server (e.g., NLM Catalog) to your computer. In the case of the NLM
Catalog, it is information about your interactions that may be
needed later to perform a function. Cookies allow the NLM Catalog to
provide more interactive features such as Preview/Index, Clipboard,
History, and My NCBI. Cookies placed by NLM Catalog are removed from
your computer after a set time period.
How can I tell if my system accepts cookies?
Cookie-dependent features of the NLM Catalog include
Preview/Index, History, Clipboard, and My NCBI. To use these
features, your system must be able to accept cookies. If you still
have problems using cookie-dependent features of the NLM Catalog
even after enabling cookies, possible reasons may include:
- Cookies are blocked by your provider or institution. Check
with your Internet provider and/or the system administrator at
your institution tosee if cookies can be accepted. Even if you
have them enabled in your Web browser, if they are blocked by your
provider or institution (e.g., by a firewall, proxy server, etc.),
cookie-dependent features of the NLM Catalog won't work.
- Your computer's date and time settings are incorrect. Check
your computer's time settings to ensure that they are correct.
Enabling Cookies
Given the number of possible
combinations of computer platforms, operating systems, and Web
browser versions, we are unable to provide instructions for enabling
cookies on your computer. Consult your browser's Help for
information on enabling cookies.
| My
NCBI |
My NCBI saves searches
and features an option to automatically update and e-mail
search results from your saved searches. My NCBI includes
additional features for storing an e-mail
address, and filtering
search results. To use My NCBI your Web browser must accept
Cookies.
To Register for My
NCBI:
- Click Register on the My NCBI header.
- Enter a User Name (3-10 alpha-numeric characters) and a
Password (6-8 alpha-numeric characters).
- Choose a security question and answer so we can reset
your password if you forget it.
- You can enter a default e-mail address. This e-mail
address will be used for both automatic
e-mail updates and the Send
to E-mail feature in the NLM Catalog.
Note:
- Record your user name for future reference; we will not
be able to access this account information.
- Only one e-mail address may be associated with each My
NCBI account.
- A confirmation e-mail message will be sent to the e-mail
address to activate automatic e-mail updates.
To
Sign in and out of My NCBI
- Enter your user name and password.
- Click Sign In. The default "Keep me signed in unless I
sign out" selection feature uses a permanent cookie so that
after signing in My NCBI feature will be indefinitely
available from that computer without signing in again.
- Click Sign Out from the My NCBI header to sign out.
Note:
- If the "Keep me signed in" checkbox is not checked your
My NCBI account will be active for your current session
only. You will be automatically signed out after you close
your browser window.
- You may sign out at any time to sever your access to My
NCBI whether you sign in using the session-only option or
automatic sign in.
Forgot your My NCBI
Password?
- From the My NCBI Sign in page, select "I forgot my
password."
- Enter your user name.
- Click Next.
- Answer the question you chose when you registered.
- After verification, My NCBI will prompt you to set a new
password.
- Make a note of the new password, you will need it to
Sign in to My NCBI.
- Click Change.
To Change your My NCBI
Password
- Sign in to My NCBI.
- Click Change Password on the My NCBI sidebar.
- Enter your old password and new password.
- Click Change.
| Saved Searches & Automatic
E-mail Updates |
| To save
your searches and generate an automatic e-mail update:
Note:
- Dates and date ranges are not recommended for saved
searches.
- The maximum number of searches is 100 per user name.
- Saved searches cannot be edited.
- If an e-mail update bounces back to the NCBI server
three times, that update schedule will be removed.
- Each My NCBI account can only have one e-mail address.
Confirmation E-mail for Automatic E-mail
Updates
- An initial confirmation e-mail message will be sent to
activate My NCBI e-mail addresses.
- Recipients must confirm their e-mail account before My
NCBI will automatically send updates.
Running a Saved Search without Update Limits
- Sign in to My NCBI.
- Click the My NCBI search name.
- This will not modify the Last Updated date and time for
the saved search.
Checking for New Citations Since You Last Updated a
Saved Search
- Sign in to My NCBI.
- Information in the Saved Searches Last Updated column
display when the last update was generated either
automatically or manually. Mouse over the information to
display the explicit date.
- Click the check box next to a search. To select all your
searches click the checkbox to the left of My Saved
Searches.
- Click "What's New for Selected."
- To display the new items, click the # new items
link. This also updates the saved search with the current
date and time.
Note: If you do not click # new items, the
search date and time are not updated.
What's New Search:
My NCBI uses the following
search to find new records for the NLM Catalog:
Query AND T1 : T2 [EDAT] Where:
Query = saved search.
T1 = the
date and time the search was last updated.
T2
= today's date and time.
[EDAT] = the search tag for the
Entrez date field (the date the citation was added to the
NLM Catalog).
Example: The saved search is heart attack.
The search was last updated on January 7, 2005 at 11:00 a.m.
and today's update date and time is January 21, 2005 9:59
a.m.
(("myocardial infarction"[TI] OR "myocardial
infarction"[MeSH Terms] OR "heart attack"[All Fields]) AND
"2005/01/07 11.00"[EDAT] : "2005/01/21 9.59"[EDAT])
Deleting a
Search
- Sign in to My NCBI.
- In the My NCBI Saved Searches section, select the check
box for a search to select it.
- Click Delete Selected.
To store an e-mail address for the
Send
to E-mail and e-mail updates of new search
results:
Note: A confirmation e-mail message will be sent to
the e-mail address to active automatic e-mail updates.
Changing the Links Menu Display
The Links pull-down menu uses JavaScript, which may cause
problems for some browsers. To change the way the Links
feature displays in the NLM Catalog choose a selection under
the Default pull-down menu:
Plain Links - Displays links as separate selections; does
not use JavaScript.
Standard pull-down - Links display as a
pull-down menu; uses limited JavaScript.
Pop-up Window -
Opens a separate small window with link selections.
My NCBI
includes a filters feature that groups search results by areas
of interest. Two filters, English and Internet, are set as a
default for all users - even those not signed into My NCBI.
Filter results with their respective counts for the current
search display as tabs, next to the "All" tab for the total
search retrieval. You can have two active filters using My
NCBI.
To change your filter
selections:
- Sign in to My NCBI.
- Click the tool icon
![tool graphic]() next to the All tab to link to the Quick
Pick list of commonly-requested filters.
- Click in the boxes to select or deselect filters.
- Your filter selections are in effect only when you are
signed in to My NCBI.
Note: When you click on
the filter tab a tack symbol ![tack graphic]() will appear in the tab. Click the tack to
append the filter to your search.
|
| References |
|
Search Field
Descriptions and Tags
Abstract/Index Tags
[itag]
Used to specify the
publications or databases in which a title has been indexed
and/or abstracted, and the status of the indexing if known.
- Use "Preview/Index" to identify searchable values for
the indexing publications or databases. These values include
but are not limited to:
- Abridged Index Medicus
- Hospital and Health Administration Index
- Hospital Literature Index
- Index Medicus
- Index to Audiovisual Serials in the Health Sciences
- Index to Dental Literature
- International Nursing Index
- MEDLINE
- NLM Gateway meeting abstracts
- OLDMEDLINE
- PubMed
- The searchable values for indexing status are:
- Ceased-publication
- Continued-by-another-indexed-title
- Currently-indexed
- Currently-indexed-Title-changed
- Date-range-of-indexed-citations-unspecified
- Deselected
- Examples:
- Index medicus [itag]
- "Currently-indexed" [itag]
- "Currently-indexed" [itag]
Includes all searchable NLM
Catalog fields.
- Examples:
- byzantine [all]
- herbs [all]
The format to search for an
author is: last name followed by a space and up to the first
two initials followed by a space and a suffix abbreviation, if
applicable. Do not use punctuation. Initials and suffixes may
be removed when searching. The NLM Catalog automatically
truncates on an author's name to account for varying initials.
To turn off the automatic truncation, enclose the author's
name in double quotes and qualify with [au] in brackets.
- Examples:
- kovacs g [au]
- fauci as [au]
- "smith j" [au] - Automatic Truncation turned off
The complete name of the
author. The format is last name then a space and the full
first name, a space and middle initial, if applicable.
- Examples:
- orent wendy [fau]
- homsy yvonne m [fau]
- camp-sorrell dawn [fau]
Identifies the corporate or
conference name associated with an item. Corporate or
conference names display exactly as they appear in the item.
Use Preview/Index to build a search, to verify the
form of name and/or spelling.
- Examples:
- national institutes of health [cn]
- nigerian surgical research society [cn]
- multi media productions [cn]
- nih symposium on therapeutic oligonucleotides 6th 2002
warren grant magnuson clinical center [cn]
Technical tags used by LinkOut
. You can view the available filters by using the Preview/Index
feature:
- Click on Preview/index on the action bar
- Under the "Add Term(s) to Query or View Index:" section,
select "Filter" from the pull down menu
- Click the "Index" button
- The system will display the available filters, in
alphabetical order, and, in parentheses, the number of items
associated with that filter
This field contains data
related to the format of the material. Contains one of the
following values:
- Book
- Book Chapter
- Collection manuscript
- Collection print
- Electronic Resource
- Electronic Serial
- Kit
- Manuscript
- Map
- Mixed Material
- Nonmusical Recording
- Serial
- Still Image
- Three Dimensional Object
- Visual Material.
- Examples:
- book chapter [item]
- electronic serial [item]
- collection manuscript [item]
and title
abbreviation [ta]
Includes the journal title
abbreviation, full journal title, or ISSN number. If a journal
title contains special characters, e.g., parentheses,
brackets, enter the title without these characters.
- Examples:
- J Biol Chem [jo]
- The Journal of Biological Chemistry [jo]
- 0021-9258 [jo]
- J Hand Surg [Am] enter as J Hand Surg Am [jo]
Users can also search for
journals using the title abbreviation [ta]
tag in the NLM Catalog.
- Examples:
- J Biol Chem [ta]
- Tuberculosis and Airborne Disease Weekly[ta]
The language in which the item
was published. You can either enter the language or enter just
the first three characters of most languages. The most notable
exception is jpn [la] for Japanese.
- Examples:
- chinese [la]
- chi [la]
- japanese [la]
- jpn [la]
- The complete list of languages used is based on the
official list of languages provided in the MARC Code List of
Languages, a standard maintained by the U.S. Library of
Congress, and available at http://www.loc.gov/marc/languages/langhome.html.
-
- To see the list of available languages, use the Preview/Index
feature:
- Click on Preview/index on the action bar
- Under the "Add Term(s) to Query or View Index:" section,
select "language" from the pull down menu
- Click the "Index" button
- The system will display the available languages, in
alphabetical order, and, in parentheses, the number of items
associated with that language
A MeSH term that is one of the
main topics discussed in an item denoted by an asterisk on the
MeSH term or MeSH/Subheading combination.
- Examples:
- nursing care [majr]
- hiv [majr]
- Neurosecretion/physiology [majr]
MeSH Subheadings are used with
MeSH terms to help describe more completely a particular
aspect of a subject. For example, the drug therapy of asthma
is displayed as asthma/drug therapy. The MeSH Subheading field
allows users to "free float." MeSH Subheadings automatically
include the more specific Subheading terms under the term in a
search. To turn off this automatic feature, use the search
syntax [sh:noexp]. In addition, you can enter
the MEDLINE two letter MeSH Subheading
abbreviations rather than spelling out the Subheading.
- Examples:
- hypertension [mh] AND toxicity [sh]
- therapy [sh:noexp] - Explosion turned off
- dh [sh] = diet therapy [sh]
NLM's Medical
Subject Headings is a controlled vocabulary of biomedical
terms that is used to describe the subject of an item. MeSH
contains more than 22,000 terms and is updated annually to
reflect changes in medicine and medical terminology. MeSH
terms are arranged hierarchically by subject categories with
more specific terms arranged beneath broader terms.
Notes on MeSH Terms and Major MeSH Topic search fields:
- To search the term only as a MeSH term, qualify it using
the search field tags, e.g., [mh] for MeSH Terms or [majr]
for MeSH Major Topic. A qualified term is checked against
the MeSH
Translation table and mapped to the appropriate MeSH
term. Some concepts may map to two or more MeSH terms. To
turn off this mapping, enclose the MeSH term in double
quotes and qualify with [mh], e.g., "cold" [mh].
- MeSH terms are arranged hierarchically by subject
categories with more specific terms arranged beneath broader
terms. MeSH terms in the NLM Catalog automatically include
the more specific MeSH terms in a search.
- MeSH/Subheading Combinations: To directly attach MeSH
Subheadings, use the format MeSH Term/Subheading, e.g.,
neoplasms/diet therapy. You may also use the two letter MeSH
Subheading abbreviations , e.g., neoplasms/dt. The [mh]
tag is not required, however [majr] may be used, e.g.,
plants/genetics[majr]. Only one Subheading may be directly
attached to a MeSH term. For a MeSH/Subheading combination,
the NLM Catalog always includes the more specific terms
arranged beneath broader terms for the MeSH term and also
includes the more specific terms arranged beneath broader
Subheadings. The broader Subheading or one of its
indention's will be directly attached to the MeSH term or
one of its indentions.
- Example: Hypertension/therapy also retrieves
hypertension/diet therapy; hypertension/drug therapy;
hypertension, malignant/therapy; hypertension,
malignant/drug therapy, and so on, as well as
hypertension/therapy.
- To turn off the automatic inclusion of the more specific
terms, use the syntax [field:noexp], e.g., hypertension
[mh:noexp], or hypertension [majr:noexp], or
hypertension/therapy [mh:noexp]. The latter example turns
off the more specific terms in both parts, searching for
only the one Subheading therapy attached directly to only
the one MeSH term hypertension.
- If parentheses are embedded in a MeSH term, replace the
parentheses with a space and qualify with [mh] e.g., enter
the MeSH term Benzo(a)pyrene as benzo a pyrene [mh].
- MeSH terms can be selected for searching in the Preview/Index
.
The alpha-numeric identifier
for the item that was assigned by NLM's integrated library
system LocatorPlus.
- Examples:
- 101208758 [nlmid]
- 101217747 [nlmid]
Includes: general note, NLM
catalog record owner, abstract, contents note, and other
abstract.
- Examples:
- hmd [olio]
- anatomical illustrations [olio]
- 290-02-0022 [olio] - Contract number
Includes: ISBN, government
document classification number, LCCN, other id, and report
number.
- Examples:
- 2003004777 [other num]
- 94-15043 [other num]
Includes: broad journal
heading and other subject name.
- Examples:
- american veterinary medical history society [ot]
- nih guidelines [ot]
Use this search field tag to
limit retrieval to where the name is the subject of the
article. Search using the full name; last name comma space and
the first name.
- Examples:
- buck, pearl [fps]
- bulgakov, mikhail [fps]
Use this search field tag to
limit retrieval to records where the name is the subject of
the title/material. Search names following the Author
field format.
- Examples:
- buck p [ps]
- bulgakov m [ps]
Indicates the country of
publication of the item. Geographic regions are not directly
searchable. In order to retrieve records for all countries in
a region (e.g., North America) it is necessary to OR together
the countries of interest.
- Examples:
- bethesda [pl]
- dar es salaam [pl]
- germany [pl]
- puerto rico [pl]
Includes the statuses of a
serial: open, closed, or unknown.
- Examples:
- open [status]
Describes the type of material
the item represents; see the full list of publication types
below.
- Examples:
- bibliography [pt]
- festschrift [pt]
- technical report [pt]
List of
Publication Types
| abbreviations |
editorial |
outlines |
| abstracts |
encyclopedias
|
patents |
| academic
dissertations |
ephemera |
patient
education handout |
| account
books |
essays |
periodical
index |
| addresses |
eulogies |
periodicals |
| advertisements
|
evaluation
studies |
personal
narratives |
| almanacs |
examination
questions |
petitions |
| anecdotes |
exhibitions
|
pharmacopoeias |
| animation |
fact sheets
|
photoprints |
| annual reports
|
festschrift
|
phrases |
| architectural
drawings |
fictional
works |
pictorial
works |
| atlases |
forms |
policies
official |
| bibliography
|
funeral
sermons |
popular works
|
| bills of
exchange |
genealogies
|
portraits |
| biobibliography |
government
publications |
practice
guideline |
| biography |
guidebooks |
press
releases |
| book
illustrations |
guideline |
price
lists |
| book reviews
|
handbooks |
problems and
exercises |
| bookplates |
herbals |
procedures |
| broadsides |
historical
article |
product,
program, and project descriptions |
| caricatures
|
humor |
programmed
instruction |
| cartoons |
indexes |
prospectuses |
| case reports
|
instruction
|
public
service |
| catalogs |
interview |
public service
announcement |
| charts |
invoices |
randomized
controlled trial |
| chronology |
juvenile
literature |
reports |
| clinical
alerts |
laboratory
manuals |
resource
guides |
| clinical trial
|
lecture notes
|
review |
| clippings |
lectures |
review
literature |
| collected
correspondence |
legal cases
|
review of
reported cases |
| collected
works |
legislation
|
review,
academic |
| collections
|
letter |
review,
multicase |
| comment |
letterbooks
|
review,
tutorial |
| commissions
|
library
catalogues |
scientific
integrity review |
| congresses |
manuscripts
|
scrapbooks |
| consensus
development conference |
maps |
sermons |
| consensus
development conference, nih |
memoirs |
speeches |
| controlled
clinical trial |
meta analysis
|
statistics |
| database |
minutes
official |
tables |
| diaries |
multicenter
study |
technical
report |
| dictionary |
news |
terminology |
| digital
library collections |
newspaper
article |
textbooks |
| directory |
nurses
instruction |
training
material and manuals |
| documentaries
and factual films |
nurses'
instruction |
travel
literature |
| drawings |
oaths |
unedited
footage |
| duplicate
publication |
oral histories
|
union
lists |
| |
orders |
unpublished
works | The year that the item was
published. To enter a year range, insert a colon (:) between
each year.
- Examples:
- 1998 [dp]
- 1998:2003 [dp] - date range
Contains the publisher.
- Examples:
- national academy press [publ]
- lippincott williams and wilkins [publ]
- department of health and human services [publ]
This field contains one or
more of the following values: aperture card, comic strip,
diskette, electronic resource undifferentiated, filmstrip,
flashcard, graphic, kit, map, microfiche, microfilm, microform
undifferentiated, microscope slide, model, motion picture,
nonprojected graphic undifferentiated, optical disc, picture,
projected graphic undifferentiated, regalia, remote electronic
resource, slide, sound recording, text, transparency,
videorecording.
- Examples:
- electronic resource undifferentiated [res type]
- map [res type]
- sound recording [res type]
Related items with an overall
title for the group; they may be numbered.
- Examples:
- methods in molecular medicine [ser]
- advances in experimental medicine and biology, v. 549
[ser]
Words and numbers included in
the title of an item. Do not use punctuation.
- Examples:
- clinical scenarios in thoracic surgery [ti]
- nurses the essence of quality care a history of nursing
at box hill hospital 1956-1991 [ti]
- nursing home medical directors survey [ti]
The Uniform Resource Locator
or the Web address of a particular item. To search for URLs,
the item must start with http:// and be enclosed in quotes.
Also the URL must be the exact address of the item.
- Examples:
- " http://www.medinfo.ufl.edu/other/pcnews/ "
- " http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/educationkit/ "
- " https://www.appi.org/book.cfm?id=62025 "
|
| Customer Support and
Training Publications |
|
If you need more assistance, please select "Write to the
Help Desk" on the bottom of each NLM Catalog page.
You may also contact NLM Customer Service at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/contacts/custserv-email.html.
(888)
346-3656
(888) FIND-NLM |
| |
