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Retroviruses
John M.
Coffin
,
1
Stephen H
Hughes
,
2
and
Harold E.
Varmus
3
1
Tufts University School of Medicine
2
TABL-Basic Research Program, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, National Cancer Insititute
3
National Institutes of Health
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
0-87969-497-1
1997
© 1997
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
molecular biology
infectious diseases
Table of Contents
Book Information
Homage to Howard Temin
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Historical Introduction to the General Properties of Retroviruses
The Place of Retroviruses in Biology
A Brief Chronicle of Retrovirology
The Development of Retrovirology as Intellectual History
Coda
References
Retroviral Virions and Genomes
Purification, Composition, and Morphology of Virions
Genetic Organization
Virion RNA
Organization of Genes in Prototypic Retroviruses
Taxonomy and Sequence Relatedness of Retroviruses
Virion Proteins
Models for Virion Structure
Frontiers
References
Viral Entry and Receptors
Receptors
Retroviral Env Gene Products: Receptor Binding and Host-Range Determinants
Membrane Fusion and Viral Entry
Receptor-Mediated Barriers to Retroviral Infection
Conclusions
References
Reverse Transcriptase and the Generation of Retroviral DNA
Overview of Reverse Transcription
Reverse Transcription of the Viral Genome in vivo
Biochemistry of Reverse Transcription
Special Biological Features of Reverse Transcription
Conclusions
References
Integration
Outline of the Integration Process
Integrase
Biochemical Activities and Assays
The Integration Reaction
References
Synthesis and Processing of Viral RNA
Transcription
Processing of Retroviral RNA
Effects of Proviral Integration on Host Gene Expression
Concluding Remarks
References
Synthesis, Assembly, and Processing of Viral Proteins
Overview of Retroviral Assembly
Synthesis of Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol Proteins
Synthesis and Organization of Env Glycoproteins
Principles of Particle Assembly
Viral RNA Packaging
Incorporation of Env into the Viral Particle
The Retroviral Protease
Maturation of Viral Particles
Accessory Proteins and Assembly
Summary
References
The Interactions of Retroviruses and their Hosts
Retroviral “Lifestyles”: Simple versus Complex
Retroviruses and their Interactions with the Host Cell
Replication, Differentiation, and the Cell Cycle
Effect of Infection on Cell Division and Differentiation
Retroviruses and their Interactions with Multicellular Hosts
Immune Response to Retroviral Infection
Retroviruses as Agents of Genetic Change
Conclusion
Retrotransposons, Endogenous Retroviruses, and the Evolution of Retroelements
Structural Classes of Retroelements and Replication Strategies
Mutational Consequences of Retroelements in the Germ Line
Evolution of Retroelements and their Hosts
References
Development and Applications of Retroviral Vectors
Principles of Retroviral Vector Design
Experimental Applications
Therapeutic Applications
Comparison to Other Gene Transfer Systems
Conclusion
References
Retroviral Pathogenesis
Growth and Assay of Pathogenic Retroviruses
Oncogenesis
Neurological Diseases
Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiencies
Other Retrovirus-Induced Diseases
Host Genes that Influence Pathogenesis
Transmission and Epidemiology
Conclusion
References
Pathogenesis of HIV and SIV
Etiologic Agents
Cellular Targets of Infection
Course of Infection with HIV and SIV
Immunopathogenic Mechanisms of HIV Infection
Role of Lymphoid Organs in Immunopathogenesis
Pathogenesis of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Other Opportunistic Neoplasms
Tissue-Specific Disease and Organ System Failure
Immune Responses to HIV and SIV
Conclusions
References
Immunological and Pharmacological Approaches to the Control of Retroviral Infections
Immunological Approaches to Controlling Retroviral Infection
Pharmacologic Approaches
Summary and Perspectives
References
Appendixes
Retroviral Sequences
Retroviral Taxonomy, Protein Structures, Sequences, and Genetic Maps
The Best of Retrotrivia
Copyright © 1997
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
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