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Polymicrobial Diseases
Brogden
Kim A.
Guthmiller
Janet M.
2002
© 2002
ASM Press
Microbiology
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 Polymicrobial Diseases of Animals and Humans
Kim A. Brogden
Historical Perspective
Etiologic Agents
Models
Common Underlying Mechanisms of Pathogenesis
Conclusions
References
Chapter 2 Continuous-Culture Chemostat Systems and Flowcells as Methods to Investigate Microbial Interactions
David R. Drake and Kim A. Brogden
In Vitro Models
Conclusion
References
Part II Polyviral Diseases
Chapter 3 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Mixed Infection
Steven R. Bolin
Mucosal Disease: A Mixed Infection of BVDV
Mixed Infections with BVDV in Respiratory Disease
Mixed Infections with BVDV in Enteric or Reproductive Disease
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Infections with Multiple Hepatotropic Viruses
Robert P. Myers, Vlad Ratziu, Yves Benhamou, Vincent Di Martino, Joseph Moussalli, Marie Hélène Tainturier, and Thierry Poynard
Etiologic Agents
Coinfections with Hepatotropic Viruses
Treatment
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5 Concomitant Infections with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Types 1 and 2
Abelardo Araujo, Noreen Sheehy, Hidehiro Takahashi, and William W. Hall
Epidemiology and Modes of Transmission
HTLV-1 Clinical Features and Influence of HIV-1 Infection
HTLV-2 Clinical Features and Influence of HIV-1 Infection
Influence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infection on HIV-1 Infection
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6 Viruses and Multiple Sclerosis
Donatella Donati and Steven Jacobson
Clinical Features
Neuropathology
Mechanism of MS Pathogenesis
Animal Models
Human Models of Virus-induced Demyelination
Genetic and Environmental Factors in MS Susceptibility
Viruses Associated with MS
Possible Links between Viral Infections and Autoimmunity
MS Therapy
Conclusion
References
Part III Polybacterial Diseases
Chapter 7 Bacterial Vaginosis as a Mixed Infection
Phillip E. Hay
Prevalence
Diagnosis
Treatment and Complications
Natural History and Epidemiology
Epidemiology
Microbiology
Complications
Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Periodontal Diseases
Janet M. Guthmiller and Karen F. Novak
Overview of Dental Plaque Development
Pathogenic Potential of Periodontal Pathogens
Adherence, Colonization, and Growth
Interference with Host Defenses
Tissue Penetration and Invasion
Damage to the Host
Innate Host Response
Adaptive Host Response
The Host Response: A Double-edged Sword
Nonbacterial Risk Factors in Periondontal Disease
Periodontal Therapy
Summary
References
Chapter 9 Abscesses
Itzhak Brook
The Role of Normal Flora in Polymicrobial Abscesses
The Microbiology of Abscesses of Endogenous Origin
Virulence of Anaerobic Bacteria
Encapsulation of Anaerobic Bacteria in Mixed Infection and Abscesses
Encapsulated Anaerobic Bacteria in Clinical Infections and Abscesses
Capsule Formation in Experimental Abscesses
Significance of Anaerobic Bacteria in Abscesses Mixed with Other Flora
Synergy between Anaerobic and Aerobic or Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria in Abscesses
Mechanisms of Synergy
References
Chapter 10 Atrophic Rhinitis
Tibor Magyar and Alistair J. Lax
The Disease
Virulence Determinants Expressed by
B. bronchiseptica
Virulence Determinants Expressed by
P. multocida
Atrophic Rhinitis and Bone Metabolism
The Interaction between
B. bronchiseptica
and
P. multocida
Conclusion
References
Part IV Polymicrobial Diseases Involving Viruses and Bacteria
Chapter 11 Cooperation between Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Causing Human Respiratory Disease
Harry Smith and Clive Sweet
Observations on Natural Disease
Proof That Viruses Cooperate with Bacteria in Producing Disease
Mechanisms of Cooperation
Summary and Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Respiratory Viruses and Bacteria in Cattle
Douglas C. Hodgins, Jennifer A. Conlon, and Patricia E. Shewen
Bovine Respiratory Viruses
Bacterial Pneumonia in Cattle
Summary
References
Chapter 13 Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex
Susan L. Brockmeier, Patrick G. Halbur, and Eileen L. Thacker
Etiological Agents
PRRSV
SIV
PRCV
PRV
PCV
Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis
Methods of Treatment
Summary and Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Otitis Media
Lauren O. Bakaletz
Infection and Etiologic Agents
Animal Models
Mechanisms of Pathogenesis
Methods of Treatment
Summary and Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Mixed Infections of Intestinal Viruses and Bacteria in Humans
John A. Marshall
Bacterial Agents of Gastroenteritis in Humans
Viral Agents of Gastroenteritis in Humans
Incidence and Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections in Humans
Mechanisms of Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16 Interactions between Herpesviruses and Bacteria in Human Periodontal Disease
Jørgen Slots
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal Infections
Herpesviruses
Herpesviruses in Periodontal Disease
Pathogenic Mechanisms of Herpesviruses in Periodontal Disease
Herpesvirus-Bacterium-Host Response Interactions in Periodontitis
Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Part V Polymicrobial Diseases Involving Fungi
Chapter 17 Mixed Mycotic Infections
David R. Soll
Candida
Sp. Commensalism
Mixed
Candida
sp. and Bacterial Carriage
Carriage of Multiple
Candida
Species
Carriage of Multiple
Candida
Strains and Susbstrains
Recurrent
Candida
sp. Infections
Mixed Fungal and Bacterial Infections
Mixed Fungal Species Infections
Mixed Fungal Strain and Substrain Infections
Phenotypic Heterogeneity through Switching: The Last Form of Mixed Infection
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 18 Interactions between
Candida
Species and Bacteria in Mixed Infections
Howard F. Jenkinson and L. Julia Douglas
Introduction
Candida
–Mixed-Species Infections
Mixed-Species Colonization
Treatment and Management
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Part VI Polymicrobial Diseases as a Result of Microbe-induced Immunosuppression
Chapter 19 Virus-induced Immunosuppression
Jane E. Libbey and Robert S. Fujinami
Introduction
Measles Virus-induced Immunosuppression
Potential Therapies
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 20 Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii
, and
Leishmania
Species
Raul E. Isturiz and Eduardo Gotuzzo
HIV Infection and AIDS
References
Part VII Concluding Perspective
Chapter 21 Polymicrobial Diseases: Current and Future Research
Kim A. Brogden and Janet M. Guthmiller
New Polymicrobial Diseases
Etiologic Agents
Mechanisms of Polymicrobial Disease Pathogenesis
Prophylaxis and/or Treatment of Polymicrobial Diseases
Conclusions
References
List of Figures
Copyright © 2002
ASM Press
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