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About these Reports
116 Management of Hepatitis C: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement June 10-12, 2002
- Introduction
- 1. What is the natural history of hepatitis C?
- 2. What is the most appropriate approach to diagnose and monitor patients?
- 3. What is the most effective therapy for hepatitis C?
- 4. Which patients with hepatitis C should be treated?
- 5. What recommendations can be made to patients to prevent transmission of hepatitis C?
- 6. What are the most important areas for future research?
- Conclusions
- Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
115 Diagnosis and Management of Dental Caries Throughout Life: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement March 26-28, 2001
- Introduction
- 1. What are the best methods for detecting early and advanced dental caries (validity and feasibility of traditional methods; validity and feasibility of emerging methods)?
- 2. What are the best indicators for an increased risk of dental caries?
- 3. What are the best methods available for the primary prevention of dental caries initiation throughout life?
- 4. What are the best treatments available for reversing or arresting the progression of early dental caries?
- 5. How should clinical decisions regarding prevention and/or treatment be affected by detection methods and risk assessment?
- 6. What are promising new research directions for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of dental caries?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
114 Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement November 1-3, 2000
- Introduction
- 1. Which factors should be used to select systemic adjuvant therapy?
- 2. For which patients should adjuvant hormonal therapy be recommended?
- 3. For which patients should adjuvant chemotherapy be recommended? Which agents should be used, and at what dose or schedule?
- 4. For which patients should post-mastectomy radiotherapy be recommended?
- 5. How do side effects and quality-of-life issues factor into individual decision-making about adjuvant therapy?
- 6. What are promising new research directions for adjuvant therapy?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
113 Phenylketonuria: Screening and Management: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement October 16-18, 2000
- Introduction
- 1. What are the incidence and prevalence of PKU and other forms of hyperphenylalaninemias, and what is known about the genetic and clinical variability?
- 2. What newborn screening strategies are available for diagnosis, what is the effectiveness of these strategies, and what cost-savings are generated by screening and treatment?
- 3. What treatment regimens are used to prevent the adverse consequences of PKU? What is known about the effectiveness of these treatment and management strategies overall and with respect to variables, such as time of initiation of dietary management, levels of phenylalanine at various ages, methods for enhancing dietary compliance, duration of dietary management, and dietary regimens for women of childbearing age and other adults?
- 4. Based on this information, what are the recommended strategies for optimal newborn screening and diagnosis and lifelong management and followup of PKU?
- 5. What research is needed to gather information that will optimize the outcomes for individuals with PKU and their families?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
112. Antenatal Corticosteroids Revisited: Repeat Courses: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement August 17-18, 2000
- Introduction
- 1. Is the evidence on benefits and risks of repeat courses of antenatal corticosteroids sufficient to permit consensus recommendations?
- 2. If so, what are the recommendations?
- 3. If not, what additional information should be obtained?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
111 Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement March 27-29, 2000
- Introduction
- 1. What is osteoporosis and what are its consequences?
- 2. How do risks vary among different segments of the population?
- 3. What factors are involved in building and maintaining skeletal health throughout life?
- 4. What is the optimal evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis and fractures?
- Who Should Be Evaluated?
- What Are the Effective Medical Treatments?
- Should the Response to Treatment Be Monitored?
- 5. What are the directions for future research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
110. Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement November 16-18, 1998
- Introduction
- 1. What Is the Scientific Evidence To Support ADHD as a Disorder?
- 2. What Is the Impact of ADHD on Individuals, Families, and Society?
- 3. What Are the Effective Treatments for ADHD?
- 4. What Are the Risks of the Use of Stimulant Medication and Other Treatments?
- 5. What Are the Existing Diagnostic and Treatment Practices, and What Are the Barriers to Appropriate Identification, Evaluation, and Intervention?
- 6. What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Lead Organizations
- Supporting Organizations
- Bibliography
109. Rehabilitation of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement October 26-28, 1998
- Introduction
- 1. What Is the Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States, and What Are Its Implications for Rehabilitation?
- 2. What Are the Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Terms of Pathophysiology, Impairments, Functional Limitations, Disabilities, Societal Limitations, and Economic Impact?
- 3. What Is Known About Mechanisms Underlying Functional Recovery Following TBI, and What Are the Implications for Rehabilitation?
- 4. What Are the Common Therapeutic Interventions for the Cognitive and Behavioral Sequelae of TBI, What Is Their Scientific Basis, and How Effective Are They?
- 5. What Are Common Models of Comprehensive, Coordinated, Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation for People With TBI, What Is Their Scientific Basis, and What Is Known About Their Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes?
- 6. Based on the Answers to These Questions, What Can Be Recommended Regarding Rehabilitation Practices for People With TBI?
- 7. What Research Is Needed to Guide the Rehabilitation of People With TBI?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Lead Organizations
- Supporting Organizations
- Bibliography
108. Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement November 17-19, 1997
- Introduction
- 1. What Is the Scientific Evidence to Support a Conceptualization of Opiate Dependence as a Medical Disorder Including Natural History, Genetics and Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology, and How Is Diagnosis Established?
- 2. What Are the Consequences of Untreated Opiate Dependence to Individuals, Families, and Society?
- 3. What Is the Efficacy of Current Treatment Modalities in the Management of Opiate Dependence Including Detoxification Alone, Nonpharmacological/Psychosocial Treatment, Treatment With Opiate Antagonists, and Treatment With Opiate Agonists (Short Term and Long Term)? And, What Is the Scientific Evidence for the Most Effective Use of Opiate Agonists in the Treatment of Opiate Dependence?
- 4. What Are the Important Barriers to Effective Use of Opiate Agonists in the Treatment of Opiate Addiction in the United States, Including Perceptions and the Adverse Consequences of Opiate Agonist Use and Legal, Regulatory, Financial, and Programmatic Barriers?
- 5. What Are the Future Research Areas and Recommendations for Improving Opiate Agonist Treatment and Improving Access?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Lead Organizations
- Supporting Organization
- Bibliography
107. Acupuncture: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement November 3-5, 1997
- Introduction
- 1. What Is the Efficacy of Acupuncture, Compared With Placebo or Sham Acupuncture, in the Conditions for Which Sufficient Data Are Available to Evaluate?
- 2. What Is the Place of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Various Conditions for Which Sufficient Data Are Available, in Comparison or in Combination With Other Interventions (Including No Intervention)?
- 3. What Is Known About the Biological Effects of Acupuncture That Helps Us Understand How It Works?
- 4. What Issues Need To Be Addressed So That Acupuncture Can Be Appropriately Incorporated Into Today's Health Care System?
- 5. What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Lead Organizations
- Supporting Organizations
- Bibliography
106. Genetic Testing for Cystic Fibrosis: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement Apr 14-16, 1997
- Introduction
- 1. What Is the Current State of Knowledge Regarding Natural History, Epidemiology, Genotype-Phenotype Correlations, Treatment, and Genetic Testing of Cystic Fibrosis in Various Populations?
- 2. What Has Been Learned About Genetic Testing for Cystic Fibrosis Regarding (Public and Health Professional) Knowledge and Attitudes, Interest and Demand, Risks and Benefits, Effectiveness, Cost, and Impact?
- 3. Should Cystic Fibrosis Carrier Testing Be Offered to: (1) Individuals With a Family History of Cystic Fibrosis, (2) Adults in the Preconception or Prenatal Period, and/or (3) the General Population?
- 4. What Are the Optimal Practices for Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Testing (Setting, Timing, and the Practices of Education, Consent, and Counseling)?
- 5. What Should Be the Future Directions for Research Relevant to Genetic Testing for Cystic Fibrosis and, More Broadly, for Research and Health Policies Related to Genetic Testing?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
105. Management of Hepatitis C: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement March 24-26, 1997
- Introduction
- 1. What Is the Natural History of Hepatitis C?
- 2. What Is the Most Appropriate Approach to Diagnose and Monitor Patients?
- 3. What Is the Most Effective Therapy for Hepatitis C?
- 4. Which Patients With Hepatitis C Should Be Treated?
- 5. What Recommendations Can Be Made to Patients to Prevent Transmission of Hepatitis C?
- 6. What Are the Most Important Areas for Future Research?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
104. Interventions To Prevent HIV Risk Behaviors: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement February 11-13, 1997
- Introduction
- 1. How Can We Identify the Behaviors and Contexts That Place Individuals/Communities at Risk for HIV?
- 2. What Individual-, Group-, or Community-based Methods of Intervention Reduce Behavioral Risks? What Are the Benefits and Risks of These Procedures?
- 3. Does a Reduction in These Behavioral Risks Lead to a Reduction in HIV?
- 4. How Can Risk-Reduction Procedures Be Implemented Effectively?
- 5. What Research Is Most Urgently Needed?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
103. Breast Cancer Screening for Women Ages 40-49: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement Jan 21-23, 1997
- Foreword
- Abstract
- Introduction
- 1. Is There a Reduction in Mortality From Breast Cancer Due to Screening Women Ages 40-49 With Mammography, With or Without Physical Examination? How Large is the Benefit? How Does This Change With Age?
- 2. What Are the Risks Associated With Screening Women Ages 40-49 With Mammography, and With Physical Examination? How Large Are the Risks? How Do they Change With Age?
- 3. Are There Other Benefits? If So, What Are They? How Do They Change With Age?
- 4. What Is Known About How the Benefits and Risks of Breast Cancer Screening Differ Based on Known Risk Factors for Breast Cancer?
- 5. What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Minority Report
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
102. Cervical Cancer: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement April 1-3, 1996
- Introduction
- 1. How Can We Strengthen Efforts To Prevent Cervical Cancer?
- 2. What Is the Appropriate Management of Low-Stage Cervical Cancer (FIGO Stages I-IIA)?
- 3. What Is the Appropriate Management of Advanced-Stage and Recurrent Cervical Cancer?
- 4. What Are New Directions for Research in Cervical Cancer?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
- Bibliography
101. Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement December 18-20, 1995
- Introduction
- 1. What Is the Health Burden of a Sedentary Lifestyle on the Population?
- 2. What Type, What Intensity, and What Quantity of Physical Activity Are Important To Prevent Cardiovascular Disease?
- 3. What Are the Benefits and Risks of Different Types of Physical Activity for People With Cardiovascular Disease?
- 4. What Are the Successful Approaches To Adopting and Maintaining a Physically Active Lifestyle?
- 5. What Are the Important Considerations for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Conference Cosponsors
- Bibliography
100. Cochlear Implants in Adults and Children: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement May 15-17, 1995
- Introduction
- 1. What Factors Affect the Auditory Performance of Cochlear Implant Recipients?
- 2. What Are the Benefits and Limitations of Cochlear Implantation?
- 3. What Are the Technical and Safety Considerations of Cochlear Implantation?
- 4. Who Is a Candidate for Cochlear Implantation?
- 5. What Are the Directions for Future Research on Cochlear Implantation?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Cosponsors
99. Infectious Disease Testing for Blood Transfusions: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement January 9-12, 1995
- Introduction
- To What Extent Does the Alanine Aminotransferase Test Contribute to Transfusion Safety; Should Its Use as in Current Practice Continue or Should Its Use Be Modified?
- To What Extent Do Tests for Hepatitis B Core Antibody and for Syphilis Contribute to Transfusion Safety? Should Their Use as in Current Practice continue or Should Their Use Be Modified?
- What Are the Appropriate Ways To Manage Potential Threats to Transfusion Safety From Emerging Infectious Diseases, Considered in Terms of Identification of Important Diseases, Changes in Blood Donor Screening Practices, and Introduction of New Laboratory Tests?
- What Are the Highest Priorities for Research To Improve Transfusion Safety by Reducing the Transmission of Infectious Disease?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Cosponsors
98. Total Hip Replacement: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement September 12-14, 1994
- Introduction
- What Are the Current Indications for Total Hip Replacement?
- What Are the Design and Surgical Considerations Relating to a Replacement Prosthesis?
- What Are the Responses of the Biological Environment?
- What Are the Expected Outcomes?
- What Are the Accepted Approaches and Outcomes for Revision of a Total Hip Replacement?
- What Are the Most Productive Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
97. Optimal Calcium Intake: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement June 6-8, 1994
- Introduction
- 1. What Is the Optimal Amount of Calcium Intake?
- 2. What Are the Important Cofactors for Achieving Optimal Calcium Intake?
- 3. What Are the Risks Associated With Increased Levels of Calcium Intake?
- 4. What Are the Best Ways To Attain Optimal Calcium Intake?
- 5. What Public Health Strategies Are Available and Needed To Implement Optimal Calcium Intake Recommendations?
- 6. What Are the Recommendations for Future Research on Calcium Intake?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Discussants
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
96. Ovarian Cancer: Screening, Treatment, and Followup: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference StatementApril 5-7, 1994
- Introduction
- What Is the Current Status of Screening and Prevention of Ovarian Cancer?
- What Is the Appropriate Management of Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer?
- What Is the Appropriate Management of Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer?
- What Is Appropriate Followup After Primary Therapy?
- What Are Important Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
95. The Effect of Corticosteroids for Fetal Maturation on Perinatal Outcomes: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference StatementFebruary 28-March 2, 1994
- Introduction
- For What Conditions and Purposes Are Antenatal Cortico-Steroids Used, and What Is the Scientific Basis for That Use?
- What Are the Short-Term and Long-Term Benefits of Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment?
- What Are the Short-Term and Long-Term Adverse Effects for the Infant and Mother?
- What Is the Influence of the Type of Corticosteroid, Dosage, Timing and Circumstances of Administration, and Associated Therapy on Treatment Outcome?
- What Are the Economic Consequences of This Treatment?
- What Are the Recommendations for Use of Antenatal Corticosteroids?
- What Research Is Needed To Guide Clinical Care?
- Conclusion
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
94 Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcer Disease: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement February 7-9, 1994
- Introduction
- What Is the Causal Relationship of H. Pylori to Upper Gastrointestinal Disease?
- How Does One Diagnose and Eradicate H. Pylori Infection?
- Does Eradication of H. Pylori Infection Benefit the Patient With Peptic Ulcer Disease?
- What Is the Relationship Between H. Pylori Infection and Gastric Malignancy?
- Which H. Pylori-Infected Patients Should Be Treated?
- What Are the Most Important Questions That Must Be Addressed by Future Research in H. Pylori Infections?
- Conclusion
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
93. Morbidity and Mortality of Dialysis: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement November 1-3, 1993
- Introduction
- How Does Early Medical Intervention in Predialysis Patients Influence Morbidity and Mortality?
- What is the Relationship Between Delivered Dialysis Dose and Morbidity/Mortality?
- Can Comorbid Conditions Be Altered by Nondialytic Interventions To Improve Morbidity/Mortality in Dialysis Patients?
- How Can Dialysis-Related Complications Be Reduced?
- What Are the Future Directions for Research in Dialysis?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Discussant
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
92. Early Identification of Hearing Impairment in Infants and Young Children: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement March 1-3, 1993
- Introduction
- What Are the Advantages of Early Identification of Hearing Impairment and the Consequences of Late Identification of Hearing Impairment?
- Which Children (Birth Through 5 Years) Should Be Screened for Hearing Impairment and When?
- What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Current Screening Methods?
- What Is the Preferred Model for Hearing Screening and Followup?
- What Are the Important Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Early Identification of Hearing Impairment in Infants and Young Children
91. Impotence: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement December 7-9, 1992
- Introduction
- What Are the Prevalence and Clinical, Psychological, and Social Impact of Impotence (cultural, Geographical, National, Ethnic, Racial, Male/Female Perceptions and Influences)?
- What Are the Risk Factors Contributing to Impotence? Can These Be Utilized in Preventing Development of Impotence?
- What Diagnostic Information Should Be Obtained in Assessment of the Impotent Patient? What Criteria Should Be Employed To Determine Which Tests Are Indicated for a Particular Patient?
- What Are the Efficacies and Risks of Behavioral, Pharmacological, Surgical, and Other Treatments for Impotence? What Sequences and/or Combination of These Interventions Are Appropriate? What Management Techniques Are Appropriate When Treatment Is Not Effective or Indicated?
- What Strategies Are Effective in Improving Public and Professional Knowledge About Impotence?
- What Are the Needs for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Impotence
90. Gallstones and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement September 14-16, 1992
- Introduction
- Which Patients With Gallstones Should Be Treated?
- Which Patients With Gallstones Should Be Treated With Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy?
- What Are the Alternative Medical and Surgical Treatments of Gallstone Disease?
- What Are the Results of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Compared With Open Cholecystectomy and Other Available Treatments?
- How Should Bile Duct Stones Be Detected and Treated When Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Is or Is Not Contemplated?
- What Are the Future Directions for Research in the Prevention and Management of Gallstone Disease, and in Laparoscopic Surgery?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Outcomes of Treatment Modalities for Gallbladder (GB) Stones
89. Triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein, and Coronary Heart Disease: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement February 26-28, 1992
- Introduction
- Is the Relationship of High Triglyceride and/or Low HDL Levels With Coronary Heart Disease Causal?
- Will Reduction of High Triglyceride and/or Elevation of HDL Cholesterol Help Prevent Coronary Heart Disease?
- Under What Circumstances Should Triglyceride and HDL Be Measured?
- What Can Be Accomplished by Dietary, Drug, and Other Hygienic Treatments?
- Under What Circumstances Should Active Intervention To Lower Triglyceride and/or Raise HDL Cholesterol Be Considered in High-Risk Individuals and the General Population?
- What Are the Significant Questions for Continuing Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein, and Coronary Heart Disease
88. Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Melanoma: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement January 27-29, 1992
- Introduction
- What Are the Clinical and Histological Characteristics of Early Melanoma?
- What Is the Appropriate Management of Patients With Early Melanoma Regarding Its Diagnosis and Treatment?
- After Treatment of Early Melanoma, Should Patients and Family Members Be Followed: Why and How?
- Do Dysplastic Nevi Exist and What Is Their Significance?
- What Is the Role of Education and Screening in Preventing Melanoma Morbidity and Mortality?
- What Are the Future Directions for Research, Including Primary Prevention?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
86. Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Late Life: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement November 4-6, 1991
- Introduction
- Question 1: How Does Depression in Late Life Differ From Depression Earlier in Life? What Are the Sources of Heterogeneity Within Late Life Depression?
- Question 2: How Prevalent is Depression in the Elderly and What Are Its Risk Factors?
- Question 3: What Constitutes Safe and Effective Treatment for Late Life Depression? What Are the Indications and Contraindications for Specific Treatments?
- Question 4: What Are the Patterns of Health Services Use for Late Life Depression? What Are the Obstacles To Deliver Adequate Treatment?
- Question 5: What Are the Benefits of Recognizing and Adequately Treating Depression in Late Life? What Are the Consequences of Unrecognized or Inadequately Treated Depression in Late Life?
- Question 6: What Are the Most Promising Questions for Future Research?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Late Life
85. Treatment of Panic Disorder: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement September 25-27, 1991
- Introduction
- What Are the Epidemiology, Natural History, and Course of Panic Disorder With and Without Agoraphobia? How Is It Diagnosed?
- What Are the Current Treatments? What Are the Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Acute and Extended Treatment of This Disorder?
- What Are the Short-Term and Long-Term Adverse Effects of These Treatments? How Should They Be Managed?
- What Are Considerations for Treatment Planning?
- What Are the Significant Questions for Future Research?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
84. Gastrointestinal Surgery for Severe Obesity: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement March 25-27, 1991
- Introduction
- What Are the Nonsurgical Treatment Options for Severe Obesity and Their Consequences?
- What Are the Surgical Treatments and Criteria for Selection?
- What Are the Efficacy and Risks of Surgical Treatments for Obesity?
- What Specific Recommendations Can Be Made for the Treatment of Severe Obesity?
- What Are the Future Directions for Basic Science, Clinical Research, and Epidemiological Evaluation of Therapy?
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
83. Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement November 12-14, 1990
- Introduction
- What Are the Mechanisms of Action of Botulinum Toxin?
- What Are the Indications and Contraindications for the Use of Botulinum Toxin Treatment?
- Ophthalmic Disorders
- Neurological Disorders
- Voice and Speech Disorders
- How Should It Be Handled To Assure Safe and Effective Use?
- What Are Its Side Effects and Complications?
- What Further Research on Botulinum Toxin Is Needed?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
82. Diagnosis and Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement October 29-31, 1990
- Introduction
- What is the Most Accurate, Cost-Effective Method of Diagnosing Hyperparathyroidism?
- Are There Patients With Asymptomatic Hyperparathyroidism Who Can Safely Be Followed? Should They Be?
- If Not Operated on, How Should Asymptomatic Patients Be Monitored and Managed?
- What Are the Indications for Surgery in Patients With Asymptomatic Hyperparathyroidism?
- What Is the Role of Gland Localization Technology in Management of Patients With Hyperparathyroidism?
- What Research Should Be Done To Clarify Issues in Diagnosis and Management of Hyperparathyroidism?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
81. Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement June 18-21, 1990
- Introduction
- What Are the Roles of Mastectomy Versus Breast Conservation in the Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer?
- What Are the Optimal Techniques for Breast Conservation?
- What Is the Role of Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Node Negative Breast Cancer?
- How Should Prognostic Factors Be Used in the Management of Node Negative Breast Cancer?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Treatment of Early Stage Breast Cancer
80. Intravenous Immunoglobulin: Prevention and Treatment of Disease: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement May 21-23, 1990
- Introduction
- What Are the Data To Support the Efficacy of IVIG in These Circumstances?
- What Are the Appropriate Dosage and Treatment Schedules?
- What Are the Risks Involved in the Use of IVIG?
- What Are the Mechanisms of Action?
- Are all IVIG Preparations Equally Efficacious?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Intravenous Immunoglobulin: Prevention and Treatment of Disease
79. Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Colon and Rectum Cancer: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement April 16-18, 1990
- Introduction
- Who Is at Risk for Recurrence After Colon and Rectal Cancer Resection?
- Is There Effective Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Colon Cancer?
- Is There Effective Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Rectal Cancer?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Colorectal Cancer
- Tables
78. The Treatment of Sleep Disorders of Older People: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement March 26-28, 1990
- Introduction
- What Are the Changes in Sleep and Wakefulness as Functions of Aging and of Diseases of Older People? What Are the Diagnostic Criteria That Establish Clinical Abnormalities? Which Are Clinically and Epidemiologically Important?
- What Are the Indications for a Diagnostic Evaluation? What Sequence of Assessment Methods Should Be Used To Determine if the Diagnostic Criteria Are Met?
- What Are the Indications for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders?
- What Are the Common Medical Practices and Lay Treatment Practices and Their Health Implications?
- What Should the Medical Profession and General Public Know About Good Sleep Hygiene and Treatment of Sleep Disorders, and What Should Be Done To Increase awareness?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
77. Surgery for Epilepsy: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement March 19-21, 1990
- Introduction
- How Should Patients Be Selected?
- What Evaluation Is Necessary To Localize Epileptic Foci?
- What Procedures Are Appropriate for Specific Epilepsies?
- How Should Outcome Be Assessed?
- Directions for Future Research—Should a Controlled Trial Be Done? If So, for What Seizure Types?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
76. Noise and Hearing Loss: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement January 22-24, 1990
- Introduction
- What is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss?
- What Sounds Can Damage Hearing?
- What Factors, Including Age, Determine an Individual's Susceptibility to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss?
- What Can Be Done To Prevent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
74. Sunlight, Ultraviolet Radiation, and the Skin: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement May 8-10, 1989
- Introduction
- What Are the Sources of Ultraviolet Radiation, and Is the Extent of Human Exposure Changing Over Time?
- What Are the Effects of Sunlight on the Skin?
- What Factors Influence Susceptibility to Ultraviolet Radiation?
- Can Ultraviolet-Induced Changes Be Prevented? If So, How?
- Are Sunlight-Induced Adverse Skin Alterations Treatable And/or Reversible? If So, How?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
73. Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement April 17-19, 1989
- Introduction
- Is There a Role for Pretherapy Interventions Affecting the Oral Cavity in Reducing the Incidence of Oral Complications in the Cancer Patient?
- Which Pretreatment Strategies Are Optimal To Prevent or Minimize Oral Complications?
- What Are the Most Effective Strategies for Management of Acute Oral Complications Occurring During Cancer Therapy?
- What Are the Indicated Strategies for Management of Chronic Oral Complications Following Cancer Therapy?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment
72. Therapeutic Endoscopy and Bleeding Ulcers: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement March 6-8, 1989
- Introduction
- Which Bleeding Ulcer Patients Are at Risk for Rebleeding and Thus Emergency Surgery?
- How Effective Is Endoscopic Hemostatic Therapy?
- How Safe Is Endoscopic Hemostatic Therapy?
- Which Bleeding Ulcer Patients Should Be Treated?
- What Further Research Is Required?
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
71. Urinary Incontinence in Adults: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement October 3-5, 1988
- Introduction
- What Is the Prevalence and Clinical, Psychological, and Social Impact of Urinary Incontinence Among Persons Living at Home and in Institutions?
- What Are the Pathophysiological and Functional Factors Leading to Urinary Incontinence?
- What Diagnostic Information Should Be Obtained in Assessment of the Incontinent Patient? What Criteria Should Be Employed To Determine Which Tests Are Indicated for a Particular Patient?
- What Are the Efficacies and Limitations of Behavioral, Pharmacological, Surgical, and Other Treatments for Urinary Incontinence? What Sequences and/or combination of These Interventions Are Appropriate? What Management Techniques Are Appropriate When Treatment Is Not Effective or Indicated?
- What Strategies Are Effective in Improving Public and Professional Knowledge About Urinary Incontinence?
- What Are the Needs for Future Research Related to Urinary Incontinence?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Urinary Incontinence
70. Perioperative Red Cell Transfusion: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement June 27-29, 1988
- Introduction
- What Should the Criteria Be for Perioperative Red Blood Cell Transfusion?
- What Is the Morbidity of Anemia in the Perioperative Period?
- What Are the Risks of Red Cell Transfusion—Both Immediate and Long Term?
- What Are the Alternatives to Red Cell Transfusion?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Perioperative Red Cell Transfusion
65. Geriatric Assessment Methods for Clinical Decision Making: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement October 19-21, 1987
- Introduction
- What Are the Goals, Structure, Processes, and Elements of Geriatric Assessment for Clinical Decision Making?
- What Are the Comparative Merits of Different Methods in Carrying Out a Geriatric Assessment?
- What Is the Evidence That a Geriatric Assessment Is Effective? If So, in What Settings, for Whom, and for Which Outcomes?
- Insofar as a Geriatric Assessment Is Effective, What Linkages to Clinical Management Systems Are Required?
- What Are the Priorities for Future Research in Geriatric Assessment?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
63. Differential Diagnosis of Dementing Diseases: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference StatementJuly 6-8, 1987
- Introduction
- What Is Dementia?
- What Are the Dementing Diseases, and Which of These Can Be Readily Arrested or Reversed?
- What Should Be Included in the Initial Evaluation of Dementia?
- What Diagnostic Tests Should Be Performed, and When Are These Tests Indicated?
- What Are the Priorities for Future Research on Diagnosing the Dementias?
- Conclusion
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
61. Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement April 6-8, 1987
- Introduction
- Are Programs for Screening the Newborn for Sickle Cell Disease Effective in Decreasing Morbidity and Mortality?
- What Are the Techniques of Screening, and What is Their Efficacy?
- What Are the Major Factors To Be Considered, Including Benefits and Risks, in Conducting Newborn Screening Programs?
- What Are the Optimal Followup and Management of Infants Identified With Hemoglobinopathies (Disease and Carriers)?
- What Future Research Directions Are Indicated?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
60. Diet and Exercise in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement December 8-10, 1986
- Introduction
- What Is the Significance of Excess Body Fat in the Patient With Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus? How Can Weight Reduction Be Achieved and Maintained?
- What Are the Appropriate Components of the Dietary Prescription for Patients With Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
- What Are the Benefits and Risks of Exercise in Patients With Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus? How Should Exercise Be Prescribed?
- What Is the Evidence That Weight Control, Diet, and/or Exercise Can Prevent Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusion
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
59. Platelet Transfusion Therapy: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement October 6-8, 1986
- Introduction
- What Are the Appropriate Indications for Platelet Transfusion?
- What Products Are Available, and What Are Their Relative Merits?
- What Are the Risks Associated With Platelet Transfusion Therapy?
- What Are the Most Important Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Platelet Transfusion Therapy
58. Infantile Apnea and Home Monitoring: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement September 29-October 1, 1986
- Introduction
- What Is Known About the Relation of Neonatal and Infant Apnea to Each Other and to Mortality (Especially SIDS) and Morbidity in Infancy?
- What Are the Efficacy and Safety of Currently Available Home Devices for Detecting Infant Apnea?
- What Evidence Exists Regarding the Effectiveness of Home Monitoring in Reducing Infant Mortality (Especially SIDS) and Morbidity?
- Based on the Above, What Recommendations Can Be Made at Present Regarding the Circumstances for Use of Home Apnea Monitoring in Infancy?
- What Further Research Is Needed on Home Apnea Monitoring for Infants?
- Conclusion
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
56. The Utility of Therapeutic Plasmapheresis for Neurological Disorders: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement June 2-4, 1986
- Introduction
- Is Therapeutic Plasmapheresis of Benefit for Neurological Diseases? If So, for Which Diseases and Under What Circumstances?
- What Are the Risks of Plasmapheresis?
- If Effective, What Are the Mechanisms of Action?
- Is Efficacy Influenced by Technique?
- What Is the Relationship of Plasmapheresis to Other Therapies?
- What Insights Has Plasmapheresis Provided To Suggest Relevant Clinical or Basic Research Strategies?
- Conclusion
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on the Utility of Therapeutic Plasmapheresis for Neurological Disorders
51. Electroconvulsive Therapy: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement June 10-12, 1985
- Introduction
- What Is the Evidence That ECT Is Effective for Patients With Specific Mental Disorders?
- What Are the Risks and Adverse Effects of ECT?
- What Factors Should Be Considered by the Physician and Patient in Determining If and When ECT Would Be an Appropriate Treatment?
- How Should ECT Be Administered To Maximize Benefits and Minimize Risks?
- What Are the Directions for Future Research?
- Conclusion
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Electroconvulsive Therapy
49. Health Implications of Obesity: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement February 11-13, 1985
- Introduction
- What Is Obesity?
- What Is the Evidence That Obesity Has Adverse Effects on Health?
- What Is the Evidence That Obesity Affects Longevity?
- What Are the Appropriate Uses and Limitations of Existing Height-Weight Tables?
- For What Medical Conditions Can Weight Reduction Be Recommended?
- What Should Be the Directions of Future Research in This Area?
- Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
48. Travelers' Diarrhea: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement January 28-30, 1985
- Introduction
- What Is the Epidemiology of Travelers' Diarrhea, and Why Is It Important?
- What Causes Travelers' Diarrhea?
- What Prevention Measures Are Effective for Travelers' Diarrhea?
- What Treatment Measures Are Effective for Travelers' Diarrhea?
- What Should Be the Direction of Future Research?
- Summary and Conclusions
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Travelers' Diarrhea
45. Fresh Frozen Plasma: Indications and Risks: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement September 24-26, 1984
- Introduction and Conclusions
- Panel's Conclusions
- What Are the Currently Recommended Clinical Indications for FFP?
- What Are the Risks of FFP?
- What Alternative Therapies Exist?
- What Is the Current Scientific Knowledge Regarding the Effectiveness of FFP?
- What Directions for Future Research Are Indicated?
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Fresh Frozen Plasma: Indications and Risks
44. Mood Disorders: Pharmacologic Prevention of Recurrences: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement April 24-26, 1984
- Introduction and Conclusions
- How Common Are Recurrent Mood Disorders, and What Are the Variations in the Course of These Illnesses?
- What Groups of Patients With Mood Disorders Should Be Considered for Preventive Maintenance Medication?
- How Effective Are These Medications in Modifying the Course of Recurrent Affective Illness?
- What Principles Guide Selection of Specific Therapeutic Agents for These Groups?
- What Are the Treatment Strategies for Using These Medications on a Long-Term Basis? What Additional or Alternative Strategies Are Available for Breakthrough Episodes, Treatment Failures, or Aspects of the Illness Unresponsive to Medication?
- What Are the Long-term Risks and Complications of Preventive Therapy? How Should These Be Assessed and Managed?
- What Research Areas Need Further Development?
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors
- Supplemental Information for NIH Consensus Statement on Mood Disorders: Pharmacologic Prevention of Recurrences
40. Dental Sealants in the Prevention of Tooth Decay: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement December 5-7, 1983
- Introduction and Conclusions
- With the Current Widespread Use of Fluorides and the Generalized Decrease in Caries Experience Among Children, Is There a Need for Sealants?
- How Effective Are Sealants?
- Are There Risks Associated With the Use of Sealants?
- What Are the Indications for Using Sealants in Individual and Community-Based Caries Preventive Programs?
- What Are the Clinical Procedures Involved in Successful Sealant Application, and What Training and Education Are Required?
- What Factors Have Influenced and Should Influence the Adoption and Utilization of Sealants for Caries Prevention?
- What Is the Current Status of Sealant Research and What Should Be the Research Priorities for Sealants and Their Implementation
- Consensus Development Panel
- Speakers
- Planning Committee
- Conference Sponsors

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