-- Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa -- NCBI Bookshelf

Acknowledgments
Foreword
Contributors
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Chapter 1 Changing Patterns of Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview Florence K. Baingana and Eduard R. Bos
- Approach
- Conditions Not Covered in DMSSA-1
- Key Developments Since DMSSA-1
- References
Chapter 2 Levels and Trends in Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview Jacob Adetunji and Eduard R. Bos
- Indicators of Mortality Levels and Trends
- Mortality Levels and Trends
- References
Chapter 3 Trends in Child Mortality, 1960 to 2000 Kenneth Hill and Agbessi Amouzou
- Data Sources and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Appendix 3A: Methodology and Detail Results
- Appendix 3B: Estimates of U5MRs and IMRs and Data Sources
- References
Chapter 4 Levels and Trends of Adult Mortality Debbie Bradshaw and Ian M. Timaeus
- Sources of Data
- Mortality Levels
- Trends in Adult Mortality
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 5 Causes of Death Chalapati Rao, Alan D. Lopez, and Yusuf Hemed
- Data Sources
- Results and Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 6 Population and Mortality after AIDS Rodolfo A. Bulatao
- Approach and Data
- Effects on Population Size, Decomposed
- Life Expectancy
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 7 Levels and Patterns of Mortality at INDEPTH Demographic Surveillance Systems Osman A. Sankoh, Pierre Ngom, Samuel J. Clark, Don de Savigny, and Fred Binka
- Levels of Mortality at INDEPTH Network Sites
- INDEPTH Network Mortality Patterns
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 8 Trends and Issues in Child Undernutrition Todd Benson and Meera Shekar
- What Causes Undernutrition?
- Indicators of Child Undernutrition: Outcomes and Inputs
- Status and Trends in Child Undernutrition
- Discussion
- References
Chapter 9 Diarrheal Diseases Cynthia Boschi-Pinto, Claudio F. Lanata, Walter Mendoza, and Demissie Habte
- Methods
- Data Sources and Literature Review: Morbidity
- Data Sources and Literature Review: Mortality
- Data Source and Literature Review: Etiology
- Reviews and Estimations
- The Role of Risk Factors for Diarrheal Disease in the African Region
- Some Additional Comments
- The Role of Interventions to Control Diarrheal Diseases
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 10 Developmental Disabilities Geoff Solarsh and Karen J. Hofman
- Medical and Social Models of Disability
- The Changing Burden of Disease in Childhood
- Prevalence and Incidence
- Determinants and Risk Factors
- Infection
- Nutrition
- Environmental Toxins
- Accidents and Injuries
- Interventions
- Evaluation and Cost-Benefit Analyses
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 11 Acute Respiratory Infections Shabir A. Madhi and Keith P. Klugman
- The Epidemiology of ARI and LRTI
- The Impact of the HIV Epidemic on the Epidemiology of LRTI
- The Etiology of LRTI
- The Impact of WHO Management Strategy
- The Impact of Hib Conjugate Vaccines in Preventing LRTI
- The Impact of S. pneumoniae Conjugate Vaccines in Preventing Pneumonia in Children
- Other Potential Intervention Strategies in Reducing the Burden of LRTI
- Other Potential Ways to Prevent LRTI
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 12 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Mark A. Miller and John T. Sentz
- History of Vaccination in Africa
- The Vaccine-preventable Disease Burden
- Future Vaccines
- Vaccination Programs
- Adoption of New Vaccines
- Vaccination: Problems and Barriers
- Financial Implications, GAVI, and the Vaccine Fund
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 13 Tuberculosis Christopher Dye, Anthony D. Harries, Dermot Maher, S. Mehran Hosseini, Wilfred Nkhoma, and Felix M. Salaniponi
- Microbiology, Transmission, and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Epidemiology
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 14 Malaria Robert W. Snow and Judy A. Omumbo
- Plasmodium falciparum Distribution in Africa
- Direct Malaria Mortality
- Consequential Mortality
- Indirect Mortality
- Malaria and Poverty
- Trends in Malaria Mortality
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 15 Onchocerciasis Uche Amazigo, Mounkaila Noma, Jesse Bump, Bruce Benton, Bernhard Liese, Laurent Yaméogo, Honorat Zouré, and Azodoga Seketeli
- Transmission
- The Disease Burden
- The Socioeconomic Toll
- Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis
- Population at Risk and Population Infected
- Onchocerciasis Control Programs
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 16 Maternal Mortality Khama O. Rogo, John Oucho, and Philip Mwalali
- Measurement and Data Sources
- Levels and Trends in Maternal Mortality
- Causes and Correlates of Maternal Mortality
- Reducing Maternal Mortality: Priority Interventions and Lessons
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 17 HIV/AIDS Souleymane Mboup, Rosemary Musonda, Fred Mhalu, and Max Essex
- Development of the AIDS Pandemic
- Rates of HIV/AIDS in Africa
- Retroviruses
- Regional Variation
- Progression of Infection
- Prevention
- Vaccines and Microbicides
- Therapy
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 18 Lifestyle and Related Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Krisela Steyn and Albertino Damasceno
- Antenatal Influences on the Emergence of Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases
- Tobacco Use
- Nutrition in Transition
- Aerobic Exercise
- Obesity
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidemia
- HHealth Services' Requirements for the Management of NCD Risk Factors
- Policy Initiatives to Promote a Healthy Lifestyle
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 19 Diabetes Mellitus Jean-Claude Mbanya and Kaushik Ramiaya
- Sources of Data
- Epidemiology of Diabetes
- Prevalence and Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes
- Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes
- Complications of Diabetes
- Mortality Associated with Diabetes
- Cost of Diabetes
- Strategies for Control
- Diabetes Health Care
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 20 Cancers Freddy Sitas, Max Parkin, Zvavahera Chirenje, Lara Stein, Nokuzola Mqoqi, and Henry Wabinga
- Cervical Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Kaposi's Sarcoma
- Stomach Cancer
- Liver Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Cancer of the Esophagus
- Other HIV-associated Cancers
- Tobacco-related Cancers
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 21 Cardiovascular Disease Anthony Mbewu and Jean-Claude Mbanya
- The Epidemiological Transition
- Sources of Data
- The Changing Prevalence, Incidence, and Pattern of Cardiovascular Disease
- Epidemiology of the Various CVDs
- Determinants, Behaviors, and Risk Factors
- Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Cure of Cardiovascular Disease
- Impact on the Health Care System in Africa and Strategies for Control and Prevention
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 22 Mental Health and the Abuse of Alcohol and Controlled Substances Florence K. Baingana, Atalay Alem, and Rachel Jenkins
- The Scope of Mental Disorders
- Measurement and Data Sources
- Epidemiology
- Interventions
- A Framework for Research
- Policy Issues
- References
Chapter 23 Neurological Disorders Donald Silberberg and Elly Katabira
- Measurement and Data Sources
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Determinants
- Consequences of Neurological Disorders
- Resource Issues
- Interventions: What Has Worked?
- A Framework for Research
- Policy Issues
- References
Chapter 24 Violence and Injuries Brett Bowman, Mohamed Seedat, Norman Duncan, and Olive Kobusingye
- Data Sources
- Intentional Injuries
- Unintentional Injuries
- The Experiences of South Africa and Uganda
- Risk Factors
- Strategies for Control: What Practices Exist?
- Conclusion
- References
List of Figures

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