Source: Adapted from Opitz 1991.
a
This list includes known and possible teratogenic agents and is not exhaustive.
 |
| DRUGS AND CHEMICALS | IONIZING RADIATION (X-RAYS) |
| Alcohol | HYPERTHERMIA |
| Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin) | INFECTION MICROORGANISMS |
| Aminopterin | Coxsackie virus |
| Antithyroid agents (PTU) | Cytomegalovirus |
| Bromine | Herps simplex |
| Cigarette smoke | Parvovirus |
| Cocaine | Rubella (German measles) |
| Cortisone | Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis) |
| Diethylstilbesterol (DES) | Treponema Pallidum (syphilis) |
| Diphenylhydantoin | METABOLIC CONDITIONS IN THE MOTHER |
| Heroin | Autoimmune disease (including Rh incompatibility) |
| Lead | Diabetes |
| Methylmercury | Dietary deficiencies, malnutrition |
| Penicillamine | Phenylketonuria |
| Retinoic acid (Isotretinoin, Accutane) | |
| Streptomycin | |
| Tetracycline | |
| Thalidomide | |
| Trimethadione | |
| Valproic acid | |
| Warfarin |
Source: Adapted from Opitz 1991.
This list includes known and possible teratogenic agents and is not exhaustive.