Copyright © 2000-, Institut national de la
santé et de la recherche médicale
(INSERM)
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Bookshelf ID: NBK7127PMID: 21348162
INSERM Collective Expert Reports
INSERM Collective Expertise Centre.
Paris: Institut national de la santé et de la recherche
médicale; 2000-.
A collection of syntheses of the international scientific literature and recommendations on public health problems, by Inserm's expert advisory groups.
Contents
- Organ Transplantation: Research perspectivesCreated: 2008.
- Gambling: Contexts and addictionsCreated: 2008.
- Physical activity: Contexts and effects on healthCreated: 2008.
- Alzheimer’s Disease: Scientific, medical and societal implicationsCreated: 2007.
- Dyslexia Dysorthography Dyscalculia: Review of the scientific dataCreated: 2007.
- Growth and Puberty Secular Trends, Environmental and Genetic FactorsCreated: 2007.
- Cancers: Long-term prognosesCreated: 2006.
- Glycol ethers: New toxicological dataCreated: 2006.
- Hearing deficits: Emerging research and applications to childrenCreated: 2006.
- The voice and its disorders in teachersCreated: 2006.
- Obesity: Assessment and the evaluation of obesity prevention and management
programsCreated: 2006.
- Expert advisory group and authors
- Foreword
- 1 Epidemiological data
- 2 Biological and behavioral determinants
- 3 Economic determinants and prevention issues
- 4 Cost of the disease
- 5 International prevention programs and operations
- 6 Preventive programs and operations in France
- 7 International recommendations and guides
- 8 Management of children in France
- 9 Management of obese adolescents in France
- 10 Management of adults in France
- 11 International research
- 12 Research in France
- Principal findings and principles for action
- Developing national obesity prevention policies: an international perspective
- Conduct: Disorder in children and adolescentsCreated: 2005.
- Cancer: A methodological approach for studying the link between cancer and the
environmentCreated: 2005.
- Suicide: Psychological autopsy, a research tool for preventionCreated: 2005.
- Tuberculosis: Place of vaccination in control of the diseaseCreated: 2004.
- Deficiencies and handicaps of perinatal origin: Screening and managementCreated: 2004.
- Psychotherapy: Three approaches evaluatedCreated: 2004.
- Foreword
- Expert advisory group and authors
- Summary
- How do we see the methodological problems in evaluating psychotherapies?
- What are the different types of studies taken from the literature to evaluate the psychotherapies?
- What are the different forms of the psychodynamic and psychoanalytical approach?
- What are the different forms of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapies?
- What techniques are used in family or couple therapy?
- What is the net result of the evaluation studies of psychodynamic (psychoanalytical) psychotherapies?
- What results are obtained with cognitive-behavioural approach techniques?
- What are the results obtained with family and couple therapy techniques?
- What data are available on the comparative assessment of the different therapies?
- What factors can be assessed to determine which therapy is suitable for which disorder?
- Conclusion
- Tobacco: Understand dependence in order to actCreated: 2004.
- Alcohol: Social damages, abuse, and dependenceCreated: 2003.
- Foreword
- Expert advisory group and authors
- Summary
- Global alcohol consumption has fallen from almost 18 litres of pure alcohol per year and per inhabitant in 1960 to almost 11 litres in 1999
- From 20 years of age, more than one French person in two consumes alcohol at least once a week
- In the working environment, men drink twice as much alcohol as women
- In young people, repeated bouts of inebriation are often associated with regular alcohol or cannabis consumption
- Alcohol plays a key role in the contemporary youth party scene
- The advertising or health-related message is perceived and accepted much more readily when coming from a source that is appreciated by the recipient
- Alcohol is involved three times more often in road-traffic accidents than in accidents in the workplace
- Alcohol is responsible for approximately 1,900 deaths per year on the road
- Behaviour under the influence of alcohol is governed by complex, determining factors
- Alcohol could be responsible for 10% to 20% of accidents in the workplace
- As regards alcohol intake, company practice is not always applied
- According to victims of violence, approximately 30% of the perpetrators had consumed alcohol
- Alcohol consumption affects social status: quality of study, type of employment, employee level
- The cost of loss of income associated with illness or premature death costs four times more than health expenditure
- Approximately 15% of alcohol consumers present with a symptom of dependency
- Almost 40% of alcohol-dependent subjects present with another mental disorder
- Some temperamental traits are indicative of excessive alcohol consumption
- There is an interaction between environmental and genetic factors in the process of alcohol dependency
- In animals, forced dependency modifies certain receptors and disrupts neurotransmitter balance
- In animals, variations in emotional reactivity influence alcohol consumption
- In humans, questionnaires and biological markers can be used to assess the problems associated with alcohol consumption
- Combine an aetiological trait with a specific therapeutic strategy to boost efficacy
- Recommendations
- Mental disorders: Children and adolescents screening and preventionCreated: 2002.
- Foreword
- Expert advisory group and authors
- Summary
- Epidemiology in the area of mental disorders requires validated tools
- In France, one child of eight has a mental disorder
- Among the sociodemographic determinants, gender and age exert a particular influence on the prevalence of mental disorders
- Events in the perinatal period could increase the risk of mental disorders
- A genetic susceptibility has been involved in the majority of mental disorders
- Parental psychiatric morbidity is also a risk factor, albeit nonspecific, for mental disorders in children
- Neurodevelopment involves gene–environment interactions
- Neurobiological disturbances are observed in certain mental disorders
- The cognitive approach enables us to break down the mechanisms of normal or pathologic mental functioning
- Learning difficulties may express a dysfunction of cognitive development
- Cerebral morphologic and functional anomalies are associated with the cognitive dysfunctions seen in certain mental disorders
- How do we attempt early detection of autism during the first two years of life?
- How can ADHD be identified in the pre-school period?
- How can the delay be reduced between the appearance of the first symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder and its diagnosis?
- What would assist in the early detection of anxiety disorders?
- What would assist the early detection of affective disorders?
- How can we predict the course of an eating disorder toward a pathologic form?
- How is it possible to identify, during childhood, the predictive signs of a risk of schizophrenia?
- Comprehensive educational programmes may reduce the cognitive, communicative, social, and behavioural handicaps of autism
- Prevention programmes are being developed that are adapted to the child's level of risk in relation to anxiety or affective disorders
- Recommendations
- Cannabis: Effects of consumption on healthCreated: 2001.
- Foreword
- Expert advisory group and authors
- Summary
- In 2000, more than half of all 18-year-olds in France experimented with cannabis
- During 2000 in France, about 15% of 18-year-old boys used cannabis more than 40 times
- The prevalence of consumption in adolescents has risen during the last 10 years in France as well as in other western countries
- The epidemiological data on abuse and dependency are still incomplete
- Tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis share the same social determinants for initiation of use
- Individual vulnerability factors are associated with cannabis abuse
- Patients presenting with certain mental disorders are more likely to be excessive cannabis users
- Do common factors explain the co-occurrence of schizophrenia and cannabis abuse?
- The pharmacological effects of cannabis mainly originate from Δ9-THC
- Δ9-THC and its metabolites can be analysed in the urine and blood
- Is it dangerous to drive after using cannabis?
- Cannabis consumption has immediate or short-term effects
- Elevated cannabis consumption can cause psychosis
- Repeated cannabis use may have longer-term effects
- Chronic cannabis consumption could increase the risk of certain cancers
- Research into the effects on the unborn baby of exposure in utero should be more rigorous
- Δ9-THC induces well-characterised behavioural responses in animals
- Δ9-THC induces tolerance and subjective effects in animals
- Δ9-THC acts through the intermediary of the endogenous cannabinoid system
- The behavioural effects of the cannabinoids correlate closely with the distribution of receptors in the central nervous system
- Mechanisms of action for the cannabinoids can be proposed in the various target tissues
- Recommendations
- Alcohol: Health effectsCreated: 2001.
- Foreword
- Expert advisory group and authors
- Summary
- Most of the alcohol ingested enters the blood circulation
- Ethanol is mainly metabolised in the liver
- The liver is one of the principal targets for the effects of alcohol
- Oxidative stress is one of the essential mechanisms of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver lesions
- Ethanol is neurotoxic regardless of whether consumption is acute or chronic
- Cerebral imaging techniques reveal anatomical and functional abnormalities in chronic alcohol consumers
- The fetal central nervous system is particularly sensitive to maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy
- Alcohol consumption during pregnancy affects the child's psychomotor development
- The hypothesis regarding the protective role of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive functions in the elderly has yet to be demonstrated
- Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk in epidemiological studies
- Alcohol consumption is associated with an established or probable increase in certain forms of cancer
- The development of alcohol-related diseases is partly subject to individual genetic susceptibility
- The effects of alcohol consumption interact with nutritional status
- The effect of alcohol on global and cardiovascular mortality varies according to consumption levels
- The overall mortality rate associated with chronic alcohol consumption is higher in France for populations over 35 years of age
- Recommendations
- Information and prevention
- Research development
- Health education for young people: Approaches and methodsCreated: 2001.
- Foreword
- Expert advisory group and authors
- Synthesis
- From prevention to health education and promotion: a conceptual and methodological development
- Youth and their health: perceptions and representations
- Implementation of health education: the institutional framework of the educational system
- Four examples of context: implementing health education in school settings
- Institutional measures in France for establishing health education in schools
- Peer approaches: students as players in health education and promotion
- Principal characteristics of intervention programs
- Evaluating the effectiveness of health education
- Prevention of risks related to sexual behavior
- Prevention of the risks associated with smoking
- Prevention of risks associated with alcohol use
- Prevention of the risks associated with "drug" use
- The prevention of risks associated with psychoactive substance use in France
- Recommendations
- Dioxins in the environment: What are the health risks?Created: 2000.
- Foreword
- Expert advisory group and authors
- Synthesis
- Nomenclature and physico-chemical properties of PCDDs and PCDFs
- Structure–activity relationship
- Assay methods
- Expression of assay results
- PCDD and PCDF formation
- Principal dioxin reservoirs and emission sources
- Contamination of environmental compartments
- Transfer into the food chain
- Human exposure assessment
- Population burdens
- Acute toxicity
- Immunotoxicity in animals
- Effects on animal reproduction and development
- Carcinogenic effects in animals
- Carcinogenic effects in humans
- Other toxic effects in humans
- Effects on reproduction and development in humans
- Molecular cascade involving the Ah receptor
- Consequences of the induction of cytochromes P450
- Mechanisms of action involving the Ah receptor in endocrine diseases
- Toxicokinetic models for risk assessment
- Assessment of risk for low-dose chronic exposures
- Risk assessment in the case of short-term overexposure
- Recommendations
- Childhood obesity: Screening and preventionCreated: 2000.
- Foreword
- Expert advisory group and authors
- Synthesis
- Toward an international definition of childhood obesity
- Weight and height curves: an easy-to-use screening tool for childhood obesity
- The prevalence of childhood obesity is above 10% in France
- Changes in mean calorie intake cannot explain the increased prevalence of obesity in western populations
- The prevalence of obesity increases with sedentary lifestyle
- Genetic predisposition in common obesity is established, but the genes implicated remain to be identified
- Obesity and socio-economic status: an uncertain relation in childhood
- Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity in adulthood
- Until now, preventive measures were not successful
- Diagnosis of obesity is based on auxology and becomes more accurate by measuring fat mass distribution
- Serum insulin, leptin, and free fatty acid levels are high in obese children
- Nutritional factors affecting adipocyte formation, a phenomenon particularly important during early childhood and puberty
- Obesity develops when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure
- Maternal and postnatal diet influences the early development of systems regulating eating behavior in the animal
- Brown adipose tissue in humans and its role in energy balance: a potential anti-obesity effect?
- Regular physical activity induces reduced fat mass and improves metabolic anomalies in obese children
- Recommendations
- France: a national committee debates the issues.[Hastings Cent Rep. 1984]Ambroselli C. Hastings Cent Rep. 1984 Dec; 14(6):20-1.
- The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) consensus on science with treatment recommendations for pediatric and neonatal patients: pediatric basic and advanced life support.[Pediatrics. 2006]The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) consensus on science with treatment recommendations for pediatric and neonatal patients: pediatric basic and advanced life support.International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Pediatrics. 2006 May; 117(5):e955-77. Epub 2006 Apr 17.
- The contribution of advisory committees and public involvement to large studies: case study.[BMC Health Serv Res. 2010]The contribution of advisory committees and public involvement to large studies: case study.Slade MBird V, Chandler R, Fox J, Larsen J, Tew J, Leamy M, . BMC Health Serv Res. 2010 Dec 2; 10:323. Epub 2010 Dec 2.
- Review Policy decision-making under scientific uncertainty: radiological risk assessment and the role of expert advisory groups.[Health Phys. 2009]Review Policy decision-making under scientific uncertainty: radiological risk assessment and the role of expert advisory groups.Mossman KL. Health Phys. 2009 Aug; 97(2):101-6.
- Review Non-pharmaceutical public health interventions for pandemic influenza: an evaluation of the evidence base.[BMC Public Health. 2007]Review Non-pharmaceutical public health interventions for pandemic influenza: an evaluation of the evidence base.Aledort JELurie N, Wasserman J, Bozzette SA, . BMC Public Health. 2007 Aug 15; 7:208. Epub 2007 Aug 15.
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