Copyright © 2006, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank Group.
- Dedication
- Foreword
- Preface
- Editors
- Advisory Committee to the Editors
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Disease Control Priorities Project Partners
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- Summary and Cross-Cutting Themes
- Chapter 1. Investing in Health
- The 20th Century Takeoff in Human Health
- The Economic Benefits of Better Health
- Why Has Mortality Declined at Such Different Rates in Different Countries?
- Child Health
- HIV/AIDS
- Noncommunicable Disease and Injury
- Health System Development and Finance
- Research and Development
- Development Assistance for Health
- Conclusions
- Annex 1.A: The Burden of Disease in 2001
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 2. Intervention Cost-Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
- Chapter 3. Strengthening Health Systems
- Chapter 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
- Chapter 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
- Chapter 6. Product Development Priorities
- Chapter 7. Economic Approaches to Valuing Global Health Research
- Chapter 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
- Chapter 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
- Chapter 10. Gender Differentials in Health
- Chapter 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- Chapter 12. Financing Health Systems in the 21st Century
- Chapter 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
- Chapter 14. Ethical Issues in Resource Allocation, Research, and New Product Development
- Chapter 15. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Priority
Setting
- Cost-Effectiveness and Priority Setting
- Definition and Characteristics of Interventions
- Estimating Effectiveness in Health
- Determining Costs for Interventions
- More and Less Comprehensive Data and Analysis
- Cost-Effectiveness and Population Impact
- Improvements and Further Applications
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 1. Investing in Health
- Selecting Interventions
- Chapter 16. Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis Infection, Disease, and Death
- Epidemiological Burden and Trends
- Interventions against Tuberculosis
- Alternative and Complementary Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Active Disease
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions against Tuberculosis
- Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Endemic Tuberculosis
- Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Tuberculosis Outbreaks
- Summary of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
- Research and Development
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Chapter 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
- Chapter 19. Diarrheal Diseases
- Chapter 20. Vaccine-preventable Diseases
- Causes and Epidemiology of Diseases Prevented by Vaccines Used in National Immunization Programs
- Estimates of the Current Burden of Vaccine-preventable Diseases and of the Burden Averted by Vaccination
- Expanded Program on Immunization
- Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Existing Vaccination Programs
- Cost-Effectiveness of Increasing Immunization Coverage for the Traditional EPI
- Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Adding New Antigens to the Current Immunization Schedule
- Financial Sustainability of Immunization Programs
- Improving the Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Immunization Programs
- Research Agenda
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 21. Conquering Malaria
- Chapter 22. Tropical Diseases Targeted for Elimination: Chagas Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, and Leprosy
- Chapter 23. Tropical Diseases Lacking Adequate Control Measures: Dengue, Leishmaniasis, and African Trypanosomiasis
- Chapter 24. Helminth Infections: Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
- Causes and Characteristics of Helminth Infections
- Epidemiology of STH Infections and Schistosomiasis
- Burden of the Disease
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions
- Averted, Avertable, and Nonavertable Burden
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- References
- Chapter 25. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
- Chapter 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
- Chapter 27. Newborn Survival
- Chapter 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
- Chapter 29. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries
- Chapter 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
- Chapter 31. Mental Disorders
- Chapter 32. Neurological Disorders
- Chapter 33. Cardiovascular Disease
- Chapter 34. Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin
- Chapter 35. Respiratory Diseases of Adults
- Chapter 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary
System
- Causes and Characteristics of the Burden of Diseases
- Causes of Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary System
- Global Perspectives in Relation to RRT
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- References
- Chapter 37. Skin Diseases
- Chapter 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
- Dental Caries
- Aspects of Treatment of Cavities and of Caries Disease
- Periodontal Diseases: Chronic Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis
- Oral Precancer and Cancer
- Oral Manifestations of HIV/AIDS
- Noma (Cancrum oris)
- Developmental Disorders
- Fluorosis of Teeth
- Common-Risk-Factor Intervention Programs
- Research and Future Actions
- Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Health Care
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 39. Unintentional Injuries
- Chapter 40. Interpersonal Violence
- Chapter 41. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion
- Chapter 42. Indoor Air Pollution
- Chapter 43. Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control
- Chapter 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
- Chapter 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
- Chapter 46. Tobacco
Addiction
- Smoking Trends
- Health Consequences of Smoking
- Rationale for Government Intervention
- Interventions to Reduce Demand for Tobacco
- Interventions to Reduce the Supply of Tobacco
- Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Tobacco-Control Interventions
- Comprehensive Tobacco-Control Programs
- Constraints to Effective Tobacco-Control Policies
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 47. Alcohol
- Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-related Disease Conditions
- Burden of Disease Related to High-Risk Alcohol Use
- Interventions for Reducing High-Risk Drinking
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
- Economic Benefits of Interventions
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 48. Illicit Opiate
Abuse
- Nature, Causes, and Health Consequences of Illicit Opioid Use
- Contribution of Opioid Dependence to the Global Burden of Disease
- Interventions for Illicit Opioid Dependence
- Relevance to Developing Countries
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- Annex 48.A: Prevalence of Use, Adverse Health Effects of and Interventions for Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, and MDMA Use and Dependence
- References
- Chapter 49. Learning and Developmental Disabilities
- LDD and the Global Burden of Disease
- Impairment, Disability, and Participation
- Three Levels of Prevention
- Unintended Consequences of Successful or Partially Successful Interventions
- Other Factors Leading to Increases in Measured Prevalence
- Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Research Agenda for Prevention of Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 50. Loss of Vision and Hearing
- Chapter 51. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Musculoskeletal
Conditions
- Burden of Musculoskeletal Disease
- Nature, Causes, and Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Preventive Strategies
- Treatments
- Economic Issues
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for OA
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for RA
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Other Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 52. Pain Control for People with Cancer and AIDS
- Chapter 16. Tuberculosis
- Strengthening Health Systems
- Chapter 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions
- Definitions and Basic Concepts
- Objectives of Surveillance Systems
- Principles and Uses of Surveillance
- Establishing and Maintaining a Surveillance System
- Analysis and Dissemination of Surveillance Data
- Surveillance as a Component of National Public Health Systems
- Surveillance as a Tool to Improve Public Health
- Selected Surveillance Strategies
- The Role of Surveillance in Major Outbreaks
- Surveillance for Specific Conditions
- Economics of Public Health Surveillance Systems
- Future of Surveillance
- Global Surveillance Networks
- Research Agenda in Public Health Surveillance
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 54. Information to Improve Decision Making for Health
- Chapter 55. Drug Resistance
- Chapter 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
- Chapter 57. Contraception
- Chapter 58. School-based Health and Nutrition Programs
- Infectious Disease and School-Age Children
- Malnutrition, Noninfectious Disease, and Health and Education
- Estimating the Burden of Disease
- Interventions
- Cost-Effectiveness of Intervention
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Programs and Lessons from Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 59. Adolescent Health Programs
- Chapter 60. Occupational Health
- Chapter 61. Natural Disaster Mitigation and Relief
- Chapter 62. Control and Eradication
- Chapter 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
- Chapter 64. General Primary Care
- Chapter 65. The District Hospital
- Chapter 66. Referral Hospitals
- Chapter 67. Surgery
- Chapter 68. Emergency Medical Services
- Chapter 69. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Definitions and Domains of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Demography, Use, Toxicity, and Efficacy
- Economics of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Expanding the Beneficial Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Lessons Learned and Implementation
- The Research and Development Agenda
- References
- Chapter 70. Improving the Quality of Care in Developing Countries
- Chapter 71. Health Workers: Building and Motivating the Workforce
- Chapter 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and
Vaccines
- Drug Policies
- Vaccine Policies
- Selection of Drugs
- Selection of Vaccines
- Procurement of Drugs
- Procurement of Vaccines
- Quality Assurance for Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines
- The WHO Prequalification Schemes
- Local Production of Pharmaceuticals
- Storage and Distribution of Essential Drugs and Vaccines
- Prescription and Rational Use of Drugs
- Dispensing
- Adherence
- Financing Issues
- Sustainable Financing of Vaccines and Immunizations
- Issues for the Future
- Vaccine Research Priorities
- Priorities for Pharmaceutical Research
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 73. Strategic Management of Clinical Services
- Chapter 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions
- Glossary
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2006.
Glossary
- ACE inhibitors:(angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors)
a group of antihypertensive drugs that exert their influence through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
- Antiplatelets
drugs that interfere with the blood's ability to clot.
- Atheroschlerosis
a chronic disease characterized by thickening and hardening of the arterial walls.
- Atrial fibrillation
an abnormal rhythm of the heart that can result in an increased risk of stroke because of the formation of emboli (blood clots) in the heart.
- Beta-blockers
a group of drugs that decrease the heart rate and force of contractions and lower blood pressure.
- Cardiogenic shock
poor tissue perfusion resulting from failure of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood.
- Cardiomyopathy
a disorder of the muscle limiting the heart's function.
- Chagas disease
a tropical American disease caused by a parasitic infection. Chronic symptoms include cardiac problems, such as an enlarged heart, altered heart rate or rhythm, heart failure, or cardiac arrest.
- Dyslipidemia
a condition marked by abnormal concentrations of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood.
- Embolus
a blood clot that moves through the bloodstream until it lodges in a narrowed vessel and blocks circulation.
- Endocarditis
inflammation of the lining of the heart and its valves.
- Hypertension
abnormally high arterial blood pressure.
- Reperfusion
restoration of the flow of blood to a previously ischemic tissue or organ.
- Statins
a group of drugs that inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol and promote the production of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)–binding receptors in the liver, resulting in a decrease in the level of LDL and a smaller increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
- Thrombolysis
the breaking up of a blood clot.
- Thrombus
a blood clot that forms inside a blood vessel or cavity of the heart.
- Transient ischemic attack
transient reduced blood flow to the brain that produces strokelike symptoms but no lasting damage.
- Dedication
- Foreword
- Preface
- Editors
- Advisory Committee to the Editors
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Disease Control Priorities Project Partners
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- Summary and Cross-Cutting Themes
- Chapter 1. Investing in Health
- The 20th Century Takeoff in Human Health
- The Economic Benefits of Better Health
- Why Has Mortality Declined at Such Different Rates in Different Countries?
- Child Health
- HIV/AIDS
- Noncommunicable Disease and Injury
- Health System Development and Finance
- Research and Development
- Development Assistance for Health
- Conclusions
- Annex 1.A: The Burden of Disease in 2001
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 2. Intervention Cost-Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
- Chapter 3. Strengthening Health Systems
- Chapter 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
- Chapter 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
- Chapter 6. Product Development Priorities
- Chapter 7. Economic Approaches to Valuing Global Health Research
- Chapter 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
- Chapter 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
- Chapter 10. Gender Differentials in Health
- Chapter 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- Chapter 12. Financing Health Systems in the 21st Century
- Chapter 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
- Chapter 14. Ethical Issues in Resource Allocation, Research, and New Product Development
- Chapter 15. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Priority
Setting
- Cost-Effectiveness and Priority Setting
- Definition and Characteristics of Interventions
- Estimating Effectiveness in Health
- Determining Costs for Interventions
- More and Less Comprehensive Data and Analysis
- Cost-Effectiveness and Population Impact
- Improvements and Further Applications
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 1. Investing in Health
- Selecting Interventions
- Chapter 16. Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis Infection, Disease, and Death
- Epidemiological Burden and Trends
- Interventions against Tuberculosis
- Alternative and Complementary Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Active Disease
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions against Tuberculosis
- Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Endemic Tuberculosis
- Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Tuberculosis Outbreaks
- Summary of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
- Research and Development
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Chapter 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
- Chapter 19. Diarrheal Diseases
- Chapter 20. Vaccine-preventable Diseases
- Causes and Epidemiology of Diseases Prevented by Vaccines Used in National Immunization Programs
- Estimates of the Current Burden of Vaccine-preventable Diseases and of the Burden Averted by Vaccination
- Expanded Program on Immunization
- Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Existing Vaccination Programs
- Cost-Effectiveness of Increasing Immunization Coverage for the Traditional EPI
- Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Adding New Antigens to the Current Immunization Schedule
- Financial Sustainability of Immunization Programs
- Improving the Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Immunization Programs
- Research Agenda
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 21. Conquering Malaria
- Chapter 22. Tropical Diseases Targeted for Elimination: Chagas Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, and Leprosy
- Chapter 23. Tropical Diseases Lacking Adequate Control Measures: Dengue, Leishmaniasis, and African Trypanosomiasis
- Chapter 24. Helminth Infections: Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
- Causes and Characteristics of Helminth Infections
- Epidemiology of STH Infections and Schistosomiasis
- Burden of the Disease
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions
- Averted, Avertable, and Nonavertable Burden
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- References
- Chapter 25. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
- Chapter 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
- Chapter 27. Newborn Survival
- Chapter 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
- Chapter 29. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries
- Chapter 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
- Chapter 31. Mental Disorders
- Chapter 32. Neurological Disorders
- Chapter 33. Cardiovascular Disease
- Chapter 34. Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin
- Chapter 35. Respiratory Diseases of Adults
- Chapter 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary
System
- Causes and Characteristics of the Burden of Diseases
- Causes of Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary System
- Global Perspectives in Relation to RRT
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- References
- Chapter 37. Skin Diseases
- Chapter 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
- Dental Caries
- Aspects of Treatment of Cavities and of Caries Disease
- Periodontal Diseases: Chronic Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis
- Oral Precancer and Cancer
- Oral Manifestations of HIV/AIDS
- Noma (Cancrum oris)
- Developmental Disorders
- Fluorosis of Teeth
- Common-Risk-Factor Intervention Programs
- Research and Future Actions
- Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Health Care
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 39. Unintentional Injuries
- Chapter 40. Interpersonal Violence
- Chapter 41. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion
- Chapter 42. Indoor Air Pollution
- Chapter 43. Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control
- Chapter 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
- Chapter 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
- Chapter 46. Tobacco
Addiction
- Smoking Trends
- Health Consequences of Smoking
- Rationale for Government Intervention
- Interventions to Reduce Demand for Tobacco
- Interventions to Reduce the Supply of Tobacco
- Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Tobacco-Control Interventions
- Comprehensive Tobacco-Control Programs
- Constraints to Effective Tobacco-Control Policies
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 47. Alcohol
- Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-related Disease Conditions
- Burden of Disease Related to High-Risk Alcohol Use
- Interventions for Reducing High-Risk Drinking
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
- Economic Benefits of Interventions
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 48. Illicit Opiate
Abuse
- Nature, Causes, and Health Consequences of Illicit Opioid Use
- Contribution of Opioid Dependence to the Global Burden of Disease
- Interventions for Illicit Opioid Dependence
- Relevance to Developing Countries
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- Annex 48.A: Prevalence of Use, Adverse Health Effects of and Interventions for Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, and MDMA Use and Dependence
- References
- Chapter 49. Learning and Developmental Disabilities
- LDD and the Global Burden of Disease
- Impairment, Disability, and Participation
- Three Levels of Prevention
- Unintended Consequences of Successful or Partially Successful Interventions
- Other Factors Leading to Increases in Measured Prevalence
- Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Research Agenda for Prevention of Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 50. Loss of Vision and Hearing
- Chapter 51. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Musculoskeletal
Conditions
- Burden of Musculoskeletal Disease
- Nature, Causes, and Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Preventive Strategies
- Treatments
- Economic Issues
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for OA
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for RA
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Other Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 52. Pain Control for People with Cancer and AIDS
- Chapter 16. Tuberculosis
- Strengthening Health Systems
- Chapter 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions
- Definitions and Basic Concepts
- Objectives of Surveillance Systems
- Principles and Uses of Surveillance
- Establishing and Maintaining a Surveillance System
- Analysis and Dissemination of Surveillance Data
- Surveillance as a Component of National Public Health Systems
- Surveillance as a Tool to Improve Public Health
- Selected Surveillance Strategies
- The Role of Surveillance in Major Outbreaks
- Surveillance for Specific Conditions
- Economics of Public Health Surveillance Systems
- Future of Surveillance
- Global Surveillance Networks
- Research Agenda in Public Health Surveillance
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 54. Information to Improve Decision Making for Health
- Chapter 55. Drug Resistance
- Chapter 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
- Chapter 57. Contraception
- Chapter 58. School-based Health and Nutrition Programs
- Infectious Disease and School-Age Children
- Malnutrition, Noninfectious Disease, and Health and Education
- Estimating the Burden of Disease
- Interventions
- Cost-Effectiveness of Intervention
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Programs and Lessons from Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 59. Adolescent Health Programs
- Chapter 60. Occupational Health
- Chapter 61. Natural Disaster Mitigation and Relief
- Chapter 62. Control and Eradication
- Chapter 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
- Chapter 64. General Primary Care
- Chapter 65. The District Hospital
- Chapter 66. Referral Hospitals
- Chapter 67. Surgery
- Chapter 68. Emergency Medical Services
- Chapter 69. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Definitions and Domains of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Demography, Use, Toxicity, and Efficacy
- Economics of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Expanding the Beneficial Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Lessons Learned and Implementation
- The Research and Development Agenda
- References
- Chapter 70. Improving the Quality of Care in Developing Countries
- Chapter 71. Health Workers: Building and Motivating the Workforce
- Chapter 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and
Vaccines
- Drug Policies
- Vaccine Policies
- Selection of Drugs
- Selection of Vaccines
- Procurement of Drugs
- Procurement of Vaccines
- Quality Assurance for Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines
- The WHO Prequalification Schemes
- Local Production of Pharmaceuticals
- Storage and Distribution of Essential Drugs and Vaccines
- Prescription and Rational Use of Drugs
- Dispensing
- Adherence
- Financing Issues
- Sustainable Financing of Vaccines and Immunizations
- Issues for the Future
- Vaccine Research Priorities
- Priorities for Pharmaceutical Research
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 73. Strategic Management of Clinical Services
- Chapter 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions
- Glossary
-
Glossary - Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries
Glossary - Disease Control Priorities in Developing CountriesBookshelf
-
Gender Differentials in Health - Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countr...
Gender Differentials in Health - Disease Control Priorities in Developing CountriesBookshelf
-
Strategic Management of Clinical Services - Disease Control Priorities in Develo...
Strategic Management of Clinical Services - Disease Control Priorities in Developing CountriesBookshelf
-
Dedication - Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries
Dedication - Disease Control Priorities in Developing CountriesBookshelf
-
References - Developmental Biology
References - Developmental BiologyBookshelf
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