Copyright © 2006, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank Group.
- Dedication
- Foreword
- Preface
- Editors
- Advisory Committee to the Editors
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Disease Control Priorities Project Partners
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- Summary and Cross-Cutting Themes
- Chapter 1. Investing in Health
- The 20th Century Takeoff in Human Health
- The Economic Benefits of Better Health
- Why Has Mortality Declined at Such Different Rates in Different Countries?
- Child Health
- HIV/AIDS
- Noncommunicable Disease and Injury
- Health System Development and Finance
- Research and Development
- Development Assistance for Health
- Conclusions
- Annex 1.A: The Burden of Disease in 2001
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 2. Intervention Cost-Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
- Chapter 3. Strengthening Health Systems
- Chapter 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
- Chapter 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
- Chapter 6. Product Development Priorities
- Chapter 7. Economic Approaches to Valuing Global Health Research
- Chapter 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
- Chapter 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
- Chapter 10. Gender Differentials in Health
- Chapter 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- Chapter 12. Financing Health Systems in the 21st Century
- Chapter 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
- Chapter 14. Ethical Issues in Resource Allocation, Research, and New Product Development
- Chapter 15. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Priority
Setting
- Cost-Effectiveness and Priority Setting
- Definition and Characteristics of Interventions
- Estimating Effectiveness in Health
- Determining Costs for Interventions
- More and Less Comprehensive Data and Analysis
- Cost-Effectiveness and Population Impact
- Improvements and Further Applications
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 1. Investing in Health
- Selecting Interventions
- Chapter 16. Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis Infection, Disease, and Death
- Epidemiological Burden and Trends
- Interventions against Tuberculosis
- Alternative and Complementary Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Active Disease
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions against Tuberculosis
- Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Endemic Tuberculosis
- Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Tuberculosis Outbreaks
- Summary of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
- Research and Development
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Chapter 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
- Chapter 19. Diarrheal Diseases
- Chapter 20. Vaccine-preventable Diseases
- Causes and Epidemiology of Diseases Prevented by Vaccines Used in National Immunization Programs
- Estimates of the Current Burden of Vaccine-preventable Diseases and of the Burden Averted by Vaccination
- Expanded Program on Immunization
- Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Existing Vaccination Programs
- Cost-Effectiveness of Increasing Immunization Coverage for the Traditional EPI
- Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Adding New Antigens to the Current Immunization Schedule
- Financial Sustainability of Immunization Programs
- Improving the Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Immunization Programs
- Research Agenda
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 21. Conquering Malaria
- Chapter 22. Tropical Diseases Targeted for Elimination: Chagas Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, and Leprosy
- Chapter 23. Tropical Diseases Lacking Adequate Control Measures: Dengue, Leishmaniasis, and African Trypanosomiasis
- Chapter 24. Helminth Infections: Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
- Causes and Characteristics of Helminth Infections
- Epidemiology of STH Infections and Schistosomiasis
- Burden of the Disease
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions
- Averted, Avertable, and Nonavertable Burden
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- References
- Chapter 25. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
- Chapter 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
- Chapter 27. Newborn Survival
- Chapter 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
- Chapter 29. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries
- Chapter 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
- Chapter 31. Mental Disorders
- Chapter 32. Neurological Disorders
- Chapter 33. Cardiovascular Disease
- Chapter 34. Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin
- Chapter 35. Respiratory Diseases of Adults
- Chapter 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary
System
- Causes and Characteristics of the Burden of Diseases
- Causes of Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary System
- Global Perspectives in Relation to RRT
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- References
- Chapter 37. Skin Diseases
- Chapter 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
- Dental Caries
- Aspects of Treatment of Cavities and of Caries Disease
- Periodontal Diseases: Chronic Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis
- Oral Precancer and Cancer
- Oral Manifestations of HIV/AIDS
- Noma (Cancrum oris)
- Developmental Disorders
- Fluorosis of Teeth
- Common-Risk-Factor Intervention Programs
- Research and Future Actions
- Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Health Care
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 39. Unintentional Injuries
- Chapter 40. Interpersonal Violence
- Chapter 41. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion
- Chapter 42. Indoor Air Pollution
- Chapter 43. Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control
- Chapter 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
- Chapter 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
- Chapter 46. Tobacco
Addiction
- Smoking Trends
- Health Consequences of Smoking
- Rationale for Government Intervention
- Interventions to Reduce Demand for Tobacco
- Interventions to Reduce the Supply of Tobacco
- Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Tobacco-Control Interventions
- Comprehensive Tobacco-Control Programs
- Constraints to Effective Tobacco-Control Policies
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 47. Alcohol
- Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-related Disease Conditions
- Burden of Disease Related to High-Risk Alcohol Use
- Interventions for Reducing High-Risk Drinking
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
- Economic Benefits of Interventions
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 48. Illicit Opiate
Abuse
- Nature, Causes, and Health Consequences of Illicit Opioid Use
- Contribution of Opioid Dependence to the Global Burden of Disease
- Interventions for Illicit Opioid Dependence
- Relevance to Developing Countries
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- Annex 48.A: Prevalence of Use, Adverse Health Effects of and Interventions for Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, and MDMA Use and Dependence
- References
- Chapter 49. Learning and Developmental Disabilities
- LDD and the Global Burden of Disease
- Impairment, Disability, and Participation
- Three Levels of Prevention
- Unintended Consequences of Successful or Partially Successful Interventions
- Other Factors Leading to Increases in Measured Prevalence
- Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Research Agenda for Prevention of Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 50. Loss of Vision and Hearing
- Chapter 51. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Musculoskeletal
Conditions
- Burden of Musculoskeletal Disease
- Nature, Causes, and Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Preventive Strategies
- Treatments
- Economic Issues
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for OA
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for RA
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Other Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 52. Pain Control for People with Cancer and AIDS
- Chapter 16. Tuberculosis
- Strengthening Health Systems
- Chapter 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions
- Definitions and Basic Concepts
- Objectives of Surveillance Systems
- Principles and Uses of Surveillance
- Establishing and Maintaining a Surveillance System
- Analysis and Dissemination of Surveillance Data
- Surveillance as a Component of National Public Health Systems
- Surveillance as a Tool to Improve Public Health
- Selected Surveillance Strategies
- The Role of Surveillance in Major Outbreaks
- Surveillance for Specific Conditions
- Economics of Public Health Surveillance Systems
- Future of Surveillance
- Global Surveillance Networks
- Research Agenda in Public Health Surveillance
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 54. Information to Improve Decision Making for Health
- Chapter 55. Drug Resistance
- Chapter 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
- Chapter 57. Contraception
- Chapter 58. School-based Health and Nutrition Programs
- Infectious Disease and School-Age Children
- Malnutrition, Noninfectious Disease, and Health and Education
- Estimating the Burden of Disease
- Interventions
- Cost-Effectiveness of Intervention
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Programs and Lessons from Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 59. Adolescent Health Programs
- Chapter 60. Occupational Health
- Chapter 61. Natural Disaster Mitigation and Relief
- Chapter 62. Control and Eradication
- Chapter 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
- Chapter 64. General Primary Care
- Chapter 65. The District Hospital
- Chapter 66. Referral Hospitals
- Chapter 67. Surgery
- Chapter 68. Emergency Medical Services
- Chapter 69. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Definitions and Domains of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Demography, Use, Toxicity, and Efficacy
- Economics of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Expanding the Beneficial Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Lessons Learned and Implementation
- The Research and Development Agenda
- References
- Chapter 70. Improving the Quality of Care in Developing Countries
- Chapter 71. Health Workers: Building and Motivating the Workforce
- Chapter 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and
Vaccines
- Drug Policies
- Vaccine Policies
- Selection of Drugs
- Selection of Vaccines
- Procurement of Drugs
- Procurement of Vaccines
- Quality Assurance for Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines
- The WHO Prequalification Schemes
- Local Production of Pharmaceuticals
- Storage and Distribution of Essential Drugs and Vaccines
- Prescription and Rational Use of Drugs
- Dispensing
- Adherence
- Financing Issues
- Sustainable Financing of Vaccines and Immunizations
- Issues for the Future
- Vaccine Research Priorities
- Priorities for Pharmaceutical Research
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 73. Strategic Management of Clinical Services
- Chapter 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions
- Glossary
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2006.
Bookshelf ID: NBK11765
Dedication
This book is dedicated to Bill and Melinda Gates, whose vision, leadership, and financing over the past decade have catalyzed global support for transforming the lives of the world's poor through inexpensive but powerful health interventions.
- Dedication
- Foreword
- Preface
- Editors
- Advisory Committee to the Editors
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Disease Control Priorities Project Partners
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- Summary and Cross-Cutting Themes
- Chapter 1. Investing in Health
- The 20th Century Takeoff in Human Health
- The Economic Benefits of Better Health
- Why Has Mortality Declined at Such Different Rates in Different Countries?
- Child Health
- HIV/AIDS
- Noncommunicable Disease and Injury
- Health System Development and Finance
- Research and Development
- Development Assistance for Health
- Conclusions
- Annex 1.A: The Burden of Disease in 2001
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 2. Intervention Cost-Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages
- Chapter 3. Strengthening Health Systems
- Chapter 4. Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions
- Chapter 5. Science and Technology for Disease Control: Past, Present, and Future
- Chapter 6. Product Development Priorities
- Chapter 7. Economic Approaches to Valuing Global Health Research
- Chapter 8. Improving the Health of Populations: Lessons of Experience
- Chapter 9. Millennium Development Goals for Health: What Will It Take to Accelerate Progress?
- Chapter 10. Gender Differentials in Health
- Chapter 11. Fiscal Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- Chapter 12. Financing Health Systems in the 21st Century
- Chapter 13. Recent Trends and Innovations in Development Assistance for Health
- Chapter 14. Ethical Issues in Resource Allocation, Research, and New Product Development
- Chapter 15. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Priority
Setting
- Cost-Effectiveness and Priority Setting
- Definition and Characteristics of Interventions
- Estimating Effectiveness in Health
- Determining Costs for Interventions
- More and Less Comprehensive Data and Analysis
- Cost-Effectiveness and Population Impact
- Improvements and Further Applications
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 1. Investing in Health
- Selecting Interventions
- Chapter 16. Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis Infection, Disease, and Death
- Epidemiological Burden and Trends
- Interventions against Tuberculosis
- Alternative and Complementary Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Active Disease
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions against Tuberculosis
- Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Endemic Tuberculosis
- Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Tuberculosis Outbreaks
- Summary of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
- Research and Development
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 17. Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Chapter 18. HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment
- Chapter 19. Diarrheal Diseases
- Chapter 20. Vaccine-preventable Diseases
- Causes and Epidemiology of Diseases Prevented by Vaccines Used in National Immunization Programs
- Estimates of the Current Burden of Vaccine-preventable Diseases and of the Burden Averted by Vaccination
- Expanded Program on Immunization
- Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Existing Vaccination Programs
- Cost-Effectiveness of Increasing Immunization Coverage for the Traditional EPI
- Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Adding New Antigens to the Current Immunization Schedule
- Financial Sustainability of Immunization Programs
- Improving the Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Immunization Programs
- Research Agenda
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 21. Conquering Malaria
- Chapter 22. Tropical Diseases Targeted for Elimination: Chagas Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, and Leprosy
- Chapter 23. Tropical Diseases Lacking Adequate Control Measures: Dengue, Leishmaniasis, and African Trypanosomiasis
- Chapter 24. Helminth Infections: Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis
- Causes and Characteristics of Helminth Infections
- Epidemiology of STH Infections and Schistosomiasis
- Burden of the Disease
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions
- Averted, Avertable, and Nonavertable Burden
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- References
- Chapter 25. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
- Chapter 26. Maternal and Perinatal Conditions
- Chapter 27. Newborn Survival
- Chapter 28. Stunting, Wasting, and Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
- Chapter 29. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries
- Chapter 30. Diabetes: The Pandemic and Potential Solutions
- Chapter 31. Mental Disorders
- Chapter 32. Neurological Disorders
- Chapter 33. Cardiovascular Disease
- Chapter 34. Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin
- Chapter 35. Respiratory Diseases of Adults
- Chapter 36. Diseases of the Kidney and the Urinary
System
- Causes and Characteristics of the Burden of Diseases
- Causes of Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary System
- Global Perspectives in Relation to RRT
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- References
- Chapter 37. Skin Diseases
- Chapter 38. Oral and Craniofacial Diseases and Disorders
- Dental Caries
- Aspects of Treatment of Cavities and of Caries Disease
- Periodontal Diseases: Chronic Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis
- Oral Precancer and Cancer
- Oral Manifestations of HIV/AIDS
- Noma (Cancrum oris)
- Developmental Disorders
- Fluorosis of Teeth
- Common-Risk-Factor Intervention Programs
- Research and Future Actions
- Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Health Care
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 39. Unintentional Injuries
- Chapter 40. Interpersonal Violence
- Chapter 41. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion
- Chapter 42. Indoor Air Pollution
- Chapter 43. Air and Water Pollution: Burden and Strategies for Control
- Chapter 44. Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes
- Chapter 45. The Growing Burden of Risk from High Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Bodyweight
- Chapter 46. Tobacco
Addiction
- Smoking Trends
- Health Consequences of Smoking
- Rationale for Government Intervention
- Interventions to Reduce Demand for Tobacco
- Interventions to Reduce the Supply of Tobacco
- Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Tobacco-Control Interventions
- Comprehensive Tobacco-Control Programs
- Constraints to Effective Tobacco-Control Policies
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 47. Alcohol
- Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-related Disease Conditions
- Burden of Disease Related to High-Risk Alcohol Use
- Interventions for Reducing High-Risk Drinking
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions
- Economic Benefits of Interventions
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 48. Illicit Opiate
Abuse
- Nature, Causes, and Health Consequences of Illicit Opioid Use
- Contribution of Opioid Dependence to the Global Burden of Disease
- Interventions for Illicit Opioid Dependence
- Relevance to Developing Countries
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- Annex 48.A: Prevalence of Use, Adverse Health Effects of and Interventions for Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamines, and MDMA Use and Dependence
- References
- Chapter 49. Learning and Developmental Disabilities
- LDD and the Global Burden of Disease
- Impairment, Disability, and Participation
- Three Levels of Prevention
- Unintended Consequences of Successful or Partially Successful Interventions
- Other Factors Leading to Increases in Measured Prevalence
- Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Research Agenda for Prevention of Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 50. Loss of Vision and Hearing
- Chapter 51. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Musculoskeletal
Conditions
- Burden of Musculoskeletal Disease
- Nature, Causes, and Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Preventive Strategies
- Treatments
- Economic Issues
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for OA
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for RA
- Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Other Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Implementation of Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience
- Research and Development
- Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 52. Pain Control for People with Cancer and AIDS
- Chapter 16. Tuberculosis
- Strengthening Health Systems
- Chapter 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions
- Definitions and Basic Concepts
- Objectives of Surveillance Systems
- Principles and Uses of Surveillance
- Establishing and Maintaining a Surveillance System
- Analysis and Dissemination of Surveillance Data
- Surveillance as a Component of National Public Health Systems
- Surveillance as a Tool to Improve Public Health
- Selected Surveillance Strategies
- The Role of Surveillance in Major Outbreaks
- Surveillance for Specific Conditions
- Economics of Public Health Surveillance Systems
- Future of Surveillance
- Global Surveillance Networks
- Research Agenda in Public Health Surveillance
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 54. Information to Improve Decision Making for Health
- Chapter 55. Drug Resistance
- Chapter 56. Community Health and Nutrition Programs
- Chapter 57. Contraception
- Chapter 58. School-based Health and Nutrition Programs
- Infectious Disease and School-Age Children
- Malnutrition, Noninfectious Disease, and Health and Education
- Estimating the Burden of Disease
- Interventions
- Cost-Effectiveness of Intervention
- Economic Benefits of Intervention
- Implementation of Programs and Lessons from Experience
- Research and Development Agenda
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 59. Adolescent Health Programs
- Chapter 60. Occupational Health
- Chapter 61. Natural Disaster Mitigation and Relief
- Chapter 62. Control and Eradication
- Chapter 63. Integrated Management of the Sick Child
- Chapter 64. General Primary Care
- Chapter 65. The District Hospital
- Chapter 66. Referral Hospitals
- Chapter 67. Surgery
- Chapter 68. Emergency Medical Services
- Chapter 69. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Definitions and Domains of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Demography, Use, Toxicity, and Efficacy
- Economics of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Expanding the Beneficial Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine
- Lessons Learned and Implementation
- The Research and Development Agenda
- References
- Chapter 70. Improving the Quality of Care in Developing Countries
- Chapter 71. Health Workers: Building and Motivating the Workforce
- Chapter 72. Ensuring Supplies of Appropriate Drugs and
Vaccines
- Drug Policies
- Vaccine Policies
- Selection of Drugs
- Selection of Vaccines
- Procurement of Drugs
- Procurement of Vaccines
- Quality Assurance for Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines
- The WHO Prequalification Schemes
- Local Production of Pharmaceuticals
- Storage and Distribution of Essential Drugs and Vaccines
- Prescription and Rational Use of Drugs
- Dispensing
- Adherence
- Financing Issues
- Sustainable Financing of Vaccines and Immunizations
- Issues for the Future
- Vaccine Research Priorities
- Priorities for Pharmaceutical Research
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 73. Strategic Management of Clinical Services
- Chapter 53. Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions
- Glossary
Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition.
Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., editors.
Washington (DC): World Bank; 2006.
Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2006. Dedication.
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Dedication - Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries
Dedication - Disease Control Priorities in Developing CountriesBookshelf
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References - Developmental Biology
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References - Acute Low Back Problems in Adults
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