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Webvision
The Organization of the Retina and Visual System
Edited by Helga Kolb, Eduardo Fernandez, and Ralph Nelson.
Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Health Sciences Center; 1995-.
Excerpt
Understanding the organization of the vertebrate retina has been the goal of many talented visual scientists during the past 100 years. With Cajal's (1892) anatomic descriptions of the cell types that constitute the retina in a number of vertebrate species, and with an early understanding of the role of visual purple in photochemistry in combination with psychophysical studies of adaptation and color vision, we had in the sixties the rudiments of an understanding of how the retina might be organized and functioning.
To go further, though, we were beginning to need detailed information of neural circuits that underlie these functions. It was the advent of electron microscopy, microelectrode recording techniques, and pharmacology that then allowed us an era of very rapid advancement. The purpose of this Electronic Tutorial is to summarize these recent advances and to describe our present understanding, based primarily on anatomic investigations, of the Neural Organization of the Mammalian Retina. As time goes on we have been inviting other authors to write chapters on their speciality concerning the retina or other visual pathways. A great addition has been a section on Psychophysics of Vision which we hope will be of general information to all interested in learning the basics of visual perception.
Contents
- About the Editors
- Introduction
- Foundations
- Gross Anatomy of the EyeHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: May 1, 2007.
- Simple Anatomy of the RetinaHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: January 31, 2012.
- Gross Anatomy of the Eye
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Retina
- The Retinal Pigment EpitheliumOlaf Strauss.Created: January 26, 2011.
- PhotoreceptorsHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: February 28, 2012.
- Outer Plexiform LayerHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: May 1, 2007.
- Inner Plexiform LayerHelga Kolb.Created: January 1, 2001; Last Update: March 30, 2007.
- Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion CellsHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2001; Last Update: April 4, 2007.
- Visual Responses of Ganglion CellsRalph Nelson.Created: May 1, 2001; Last Update: April 10, 2007.
- Melanopsin Ganglion Cells: A Bit of Fly in the Mammalian EyeDustin Graham.Created: August 1, 2008.
- Glial Cells of the RetinaHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2001; Last Update: April 17, 2007.
- The Retinal Pigment Epithelium
- Retinal Circuits
- Circuitry for Rod Signals through the RetinaHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2001; Last Update: September 1, 2009.
- Cone Pathways through the RetinaHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2001; Last Update: July 1, 2009.
- Roles of Amacrine CellsHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: April 30, 2007.
- AII Amacrine CellsMahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton.Created: June 1, 2005; Last Update: April 26, 2007.
- Midget pathways of the primate retina underlie resolution and red green color opponencyHelga Kolb.Created: May 24, 2007; Last Update: April 4, 2012.
- S-Cone PathwaysHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: May 4, 2007.
- Feedback Loops in the RetinaHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: May 4, 2007.
- Circuitry for Rod Signals through the Retina
- Neuroactive Substances in the Retina
- Neurotransmitters in the RetinaHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 1, 2009.
- GABAC Receptors in the Vertebrate RetinaHaohua Qian.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 1, 2007.
- Glycine Receptor Diversity in the Mammalian RetinaSilke Haverkamp.Created: March 27, 2012.
- Neurotransmitters in the Retina
- Phototransduction and Photoreceptor Synaptic Pathways
- Phototransduction in Rods and ConesYingbin Fu.Created: April 1, 2010.
- S-Potentials and Horizontal CellsIdo Perlman, Helga Kolb, and Ralph Nelson.Created: May 1, 2007; Last Update: December 30, 2011.
- Glutamate and Glutamate Receptors in the Vertebrate RetinaVictoria Connaughton.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: May 7, 2007.
- Bipolar Cell Pathways in the Vertebrate RetinaRalph Nelson and Victoria Connaughton.Created: May 24, 2007; Last Update: January 20, 2012.
- Phototransduction in Rods and Cones
- Retinal Neurogenisis
- Development of Cell Types and Synaptic Connections in the RetinaJosh Morgan and Rachel Wong.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: May 29, 2007.
- Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner-Plexiform LayerKevin Ford and Marla Feller.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: January 16, 2012.
- Development of Cell Types and Synaptic Connections in the Retina
- Neural Basis of Color Perception
- Color VisionPeter Gouras.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: July 1, 2009.
- Color Vision
- Visual Behavior
- Principles of VisionMichael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 4, 2007.
- Visual AcuityMichael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 5, 2007.
- Temporal ResolutionMichael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 5, 2007.
- Light and Dark AdaptationMichael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: July 9, 2007.
- The Perception of ColorMichael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: July 9, 2007.
- The Perception of SpaceMichael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 6, 2007.
- The Perception of DepthMichael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 6, 2007.
- Principles of Vision
- Brain Visual Areas
- The Primary Visual CortexMatthew Schmolesky.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 14, 2007.
- The Primary Visual Cortex
- Repair and Regeneration of Visual Neurons
- Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal DetachmentSteven K. Fisher, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Kenneth A. Linberg, Edward Barawid, and Mark R. Verardo.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: July 3, 2007.
- Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual SystemSam Nona.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 20, 2007.
- Regeneration in the Visual System of Adult MammalsYves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 21, 2007.
- Fetal Tissue Allografts in the Central Visual System of RodentsFrederic Gaillard and Yves Sauve.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: June 25, 2007.
- Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal Detachment
- Electroretinography
- The Electroretinogram: ERGIdo Perlman.Created: May 1, 2001; Last Update: June 27, 2007.
- Clinical ElectrophysiologyDonnell Creel.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: July 2, 2007.
- The Electroretinogram: ERG
- Diseases of the Retina
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson, and Don Anderson.Created: January 1, 2008.
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Facts and Figures Concerning the Human Retina
- Facts and Figures Concerning the Human RetinaHelga Kolb.Created: May 1, 2005; Last Update: July 5, 2007.
- Facts and Figures Concerning the Human Retina
-
Review Advances in color science: from retina to behavior.
[J Neurosci. 2010]
Review Advances in color science: from retina to behavior.Conway BR, Chatterjee S, Field GD, Horwitz GD, Johnson EN, Koida K, Mancuso K. J Neurosci. 2010 Nov 10; 30(45):14955-63.
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Review Design principles of insect and vertebrate visual systems.
[Neuron. 2010]
Review Design principles of insect and vertebrate visual systems.Sanes JR, Zipursky SL. Neuron. 2010 Apr 15; 66(1):15-36.
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Review Structural pathways for macromolecular and cellular transport across the blood-brain barrier during inflammatory conditions. Review.
[Histol Histopathol. 2004]
Review Structural pathways for macromolecular and cellular transport across the blood-brain barrier during inflammatory conditions. Review.Lossinsky AS, Shivers RR. Histol Histopathol. 2004 Apr; 19(2):535-64.
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Review Anatomical pathways for color vision in the human retina.
[Vis Neurosci. 1991]
Review Anatomical pathways for color vision in the human retina.Kolb H. Vis Neurosci. 1991 Jul-Aug; 7(1-2):61-74.
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Color Vision
[Webvision: The Organization of the Retina a...]
Color VisionGouras P. Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System. 1995
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