Glycosyl hydrolases family 31; Glycosyl hydrolases are key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. ...
378-838
0e+00
Glycosyl hydrolases family 31; Glycosyl hydrolases are key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Family 31 comprises of enzymes that are, or similar to, alpha- galactosidases.
:
Pssm-ID: 460044 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 443 Bit Score: 537.53 E-value: 0e+00
Domain of unknown function (DUF5110); This domain is likely to be a carbohydrate-binding ...
855-923
1.71e-23
Domain of unknown function (DUF5110); This domain is likely to be a carbohydrate-binding domain of some description as it is found immediately C-terminal to the glycosyl-hydrolase family Glyco_hydro_31, pfam01055.
:
Pssm-ID: 465360 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 72 Bit Score: 94.62 E-value: 1.71e-23
Alpha-glucosidase, N-terminal; This domain is found in some members of the glycosyl hydrolase ...
46-124
1.73e-17
Alpha-glucosidase, N-terminal; This domain is found in some members of the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family: alpha-glucosidase 2, alpha-xylosidase and alpha-glucosidase 31B. The function of this domain is unknown. It has a beta- sandwich fold and is adjacent the central catalytic unit.
:
Pssm-ID: 465098 Cd Length: 90 Bit Score: 78.36 E-value: 1.73e-17
PA14 domain; This domain forms an insert in bacterial beta-glucosidases and is found in other ...
232-356
7.74e-13
PA14 domain; This domain forms an insert in bacterial beta-glucosidases and is found in other glycosidases, glycosyltransferases, proteases, amidases, yeast adhesins, and bacterial toxins, including anthrax protective antigen (PA). The domain also occurs in a Dictyostelium prespore-cell-inducing factor Psi and in fibrocystin, the mammalian protein whose mutation leads to polycystic kidney and hepatic disease. The crystal structure of PA shows that this domain (named PA14 after its location in the PA20 pro-peptide) has a beta-barrel structure. The PA14 domain sequence suggests a binding function, rather than a catalytic role. The PA14 domain distribution is compatible with carbohydrate binding.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member smart00758:
Pssm-ID: 471833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 136 Bit Score: 66.66 E-value: 7.74e-13
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to ...
149-208
1.10e-11
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to the glycosyl-hydrolase domain of Glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). GH31 includes the glycoside hydrolases alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), alpha-1,3-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.84), alpha-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.177), sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48 and EC 3.2.1.10), as well as alpha-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.13). All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. In most cases, the pyranose moiety recognized in subsite-1 of the substrate binding site is an alpha-D-glucose, though some GH31 family members show a preference for alpha-D-xylose. Several GH31 enzymes can accommodate both glucose and xylose and different levels of discrimination between the two have been observed. Most characterized GH31 enzymes are alpha-glucosidases. In mammals, GH31 members with alpha-glucosidase activity are implicated in at least three distinct biological processes. The lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is essential for glycogen degradation and a deficiency or malfunction of this enzyme causes glycogen storage disease II, also known as Pompe disease. In the endoplasmic reticulum, alpha-glucosidase II catalyzes the second step in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway that constitutes part of the quality control system for glycoprotein folding and maturation. The intestinal enzymes sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) play key roles in the final stage of carbohydrate digestion, making alpha-glucosidase inhibitors useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GH31 alpha-glycosidases are retaining enzymes that cleave their substrates via an acid/base-catalyzed, double-displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Two aspartic acid residues of the catalytic domain have been identified as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, respectively. A loop of the N-terminal beta-sandwich domain is part of the active site pocket.
:
Pssm-ID: 270212 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 122 Bit Score: 62.59 E-value: 1.10e-11
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to ...
357-397
3.68e-06
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to the glycosyl-hydrolase domain of Glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). GH31 includes the glycoside hydrolases alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), alpha-1,3-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.84), alpha-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.177), sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48 and EC 3.2.1.10), as well as alpha-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.13). All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. In most cases, the pyranose moiety recognized in subsite-1 of the substrate binding site is an alpha-D-glucose, though some GH31 family members show a preference for alpha-D-xylose. Several GH31 enzymes can accommodate both glucose and xylose and different levels of discrimination between the two have been observed. Most characterized GH31 enzymes are alpha-glucosidases. In mammals, GH31 members with alpha-glucosidase activity are implicated in at least three distinct biological processes. The lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is essential for glycogen degradation and a deficiency or malfunction of this enzyme causes glycogen storage disease II, also known as Pompe disease. In the endoplasmic reticulum, alpha-glucosidase II catalyzes the second step in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway that constitutes part of the quality control system for glycoprotein folding and maturation. The intestinal enzymes sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) play key roles in the final stage of carbohydrate digestion, making alpha-glucosidase inhibitors useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GH31 alpha-glycosidases are retaining enzymes that cleave their substrates via an acid/base-catalyzed, double-displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Two aspartic acid residues of the catalytic domain have been identified as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, respectively. A loop of the N-terminal beta-sandwich domain is part of the active site pocket.
:
Pssm-ID: 270212 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 122 Bit Score: 46.80 E-value: 3.68e-06
Glycosyl hydrolases family 31; Glycosyl hydrolases are key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. ...
378-838
0e+00
Glycosyl hydrolases family 31; Glycosyl hydrolases are key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Family 31 comprises of enzymes that are, or similar to, alpha- galactosidases.
Pssm-ID: 460044 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 443 Bit Score: 537.53 E-value: 0e+00
xylosidase XylS-like; XylS is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) alpha-xylosidase found in ...
397-733
6.09e-171
xylosidase XylS-like; XylS is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) alpha-xylosidase found in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea, that catalyzes the release of alpha-xylose from the non-reducing terminal side of the alpha-xyloside substrate. XylS has been characterized in Sulfolobus solfataricus where it hydrolyzes isoprimeverose, the p-nitrophenyl-beta derivative of isoprimeverose, and xyloglucan oligosaccharides, and has transxylosidic activity. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. The XylS family corresponds to subgroup 3 in the Ernst et al classification of GH31 enzymes.
Pssm-ID: 269877 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 322 Bit Score: 500.16 E-value: 6.09e-171
Domain of unknown function (DUF5110); This domain is likely to be a carbohydrate-binding ...
855-923
1.71e-23
Domain of unknown function (DUF5110); This domain is likely to be a carbohydrate-binding domain of some description as it is found immediately C-terminal to the glycosyl-hydrolase family Glyco_hydro_31, pfam01055.
Pssm-ID: 465360 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 72 Bit Score: 94.62 E-value: 1.71e-23
Alpha-glucosidase, N-terminal; This domain is found in some members of the glycosyl hydrolase ...
46-124
1.73e-17
Alpha-glucosidase, N-terminal; This domain is found in some members of the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family: alpha-glucosidase 2, alpha-xylosidase and alpha-glucosidase 31B. The function of this domain is unknown. It has a beta- sandwich fold and is adjacent the central catalytic unit.
Pssm-ID: 465098 Cd Length: 90 Bit Score: 78.36 E-value: 1.73e-17
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to ...
149-208
1.10e-11
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to the glycosyl-hydrolase domain of Glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). GH31 includes the glycoside hydrolases alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), alpha-1,3-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.84), alpha-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.177), sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48 and EC 3.2.1.10), as well as alpha-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.13). All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. In most cases, the pyranose moiety recognized in subsite-1 of the substrate binding site is an alpha-D-glucose, though some GH31 family members show a preference for alpha-D-xylose. Several GH31 enzymes can accommodate both glucose and xylose and different levels of discrimination between the two have been observed. Most characterized GH31 enzymes are alpha-glucosidases. In mammals, GH31 members with alpha-glucosidase activity are implicated in at least three distinct biological processes. The lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is essential for glycogen degradation and a deficiency or malfunction of this enzyme causes glycogen storage disease II, also known as Pompe disease. In the endoplasmic reticulum, alpha-glucosidase II catalyzes the second step in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway that constitutes part of the quality control system for glycoprotein folding and maturation. The intestinal enzymes sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) play key roles in the final stage of carbohydrate digestion, making alpha-glucosidase inhibitors useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GH31 alpha-glycosidases are retaining enzymes that cleave their substrates via an acid/base-catalyzed, double-displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Two aspartic acid residues of the catalytic domain have been identified as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, respectively. A loop of the N-terminal beta-sandwich domain is part of the active site pocket.
Pssm-ID: 270212 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 122 Bit Score: 62.59 E-value: 1.10e-11
PA14 domain; This domain forms an insert in bacterial beta-glucosidases and is found in other ...
227-340
4.38e-09
PA14 domain; This domain forms an insert in bacterial beta-glucosidases and is found in other glycosidases, glycosyltransferases, proteases, amidases, yeast adhesins, and bacterial toxins, including anthrax protective antigen (PA). The domain also occurs in a Dictyostelium prespore-cell-inducing factor Psi and in fibrocystin, the mammalian protein whose mutation leads to polycystic kidney and hepatic disease. The crystal structure of PA shows that this domain (named PA14 after its location in the PA20 pro-peptide) has a beta-barrel structure. The PA14 domain sequence suggests a binding function, rather than a catalytic role. The PA14 domain distribution is compatible with carbohydrate binding.
Pssm-ID: 400161 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 141 Bit Score: 55.84 E-value: 4.38e-09
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to ...
357-397
3.68e-06
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to the glycosyl-hydrolase domain of Glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). GH31 includes the glycoside hydrolases alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), alpha-1,3-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.84), alpha-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.177), sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48 and EC 3.2.1.10), as well as alpha-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.13). All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. In most cases, the pyranose moiety recognized in subsite-1 of the substrate binding site is an alpha-D-glucose, though some GH31 family members show a preference for alpha-D-xylose. Several GH31 enzymes can accommodate both glucose and xylose and different levels of discrimination between the two have been observed. Most characterized GH31 enzymes are alpha-glucosidases. In mammals, GH31 members with alpha-glucosidase activity are implicated in at least three distinct biological processes. The lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is essential for glycogen degradation and a deficiency or malfunction of this enzyme causes glycogen storage disease II, also known as Pompe disease. In the endoplasmic reticulum, alpha-glucosidase II catalyzes the second step in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway that constitutes part of the quality control system for glycoprotein folding and maturation. The intestinal enzymes sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) play key roles in the final stage of carbohydrate digestion, making alpha-glucosidase inhibitors useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GH31 alpha-glycosidases are retaining enzymes that cleave their substrates via an acid/base-catalyzed, double-displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Two aspartic acid residues of the catalytic domain have been identified as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, respectively. A loop of the N-terminal beta-sandwich domain is part of the active site pocket.
Pssm-ID: 270212 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 122 Bit Score: 46.80 E-value: 3.68e-06
Galactose mutarotase-like; This family is found N-terminal to glycosyl-hydrolase domains, and ...
155-208
1.99e-05
Galactose mutarotase-like; This family is found N-terminal to glycosyl-hydrolase domains, and appears to be similar to the galactose mutarotase superfamily.
Pssm-ID: 463987 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 67 Bit Score: 43.22 E-value: 1.99e-05
Glycosyl hydrolases family 31; Glycosyl hydrolases are key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. ...
378-838
0e+00
Glycosyl hydrolases family 31; Glycosyl hydrolases are key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Family 31 comprises of enzymes that are, or similar to, alpha- galactosidases.
Pssm-ID: 460044 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 443 Bit Score: 537.53 E-value: 0e+00
xylosidase XylS-like; XylS is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) alpha-xylosidase found in ...
397-733
6.09e-171
xylosidase XylS-like; XylS is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) alpha-xylosidase found in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea, that catalyzes the release of alpha-xylose from the non-reducing terminal side of the alpha-xyloside substrate. XylS has been characterized in Sulfolobus solfataricus where it hydrolyzes isoprimeverose, the p-nitrophenyl-beta derivative of isoprimeverose, and xyloglucan oligosaccharides, and has transxylosidic activity. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. The XylS family corresponds to subgroup 3 in the Ernst et al classification of GH31 enzymes.
Pssm-ID: 269877 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 322 Bit Score: 500.16 E-value: 6.09e-171
CtsZ (cyclic tetrasaccharide-synthesizing enzyme Z)-like; CtsZ is a bacterial ...
401-744
4.60e-80
CtsZ (cyclic tetrasaccharide-synthesizing enzyme Z)-like; CtsZ is a bacterial 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, first identified in Arthrobacter globiformis, that produces cyclic tetrasaccharides together with a closely related enzyme CtsY. CtsZ and CtsY both have a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) catalytic domain; CtsY belongs to a different subfamily. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
Pssm-ID: 269884 Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 263.01 E-value: 4.60e-80
neutral alpha-glucosidase C, neutral alpha-glucosidase AB; This subgroup includes the closely ...
403-872
7.62e-74
neutral alpha-glucosidase C, neutral alpha-glucosidase AB; This subgroup includes the closely related glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) isozymes, neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC) and the alpha subunit of heterodimeric neutral alpha-glucosidase AB (GANAB). Initially distinguished on the basis of differences in electrophoretic mobility in starch gel, GANC and GANAB have been shown to have other differences, including those of substrate specificity. GANC and GANAB are key enzymes in glycogen metabolism that hydrolyze terminal, non-reducing 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues from glycogen in the endoplasmic reticulum. The GANC/GANAB family includes the alpha-glucosidase II (ModA) from Dictyostelium discoideum as well as the alpha-glucosidase II (GLS2, or ROT2 - Reversal of TOR2 lethality protein 2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Pssm-ID: 269889 Cd Length: 467 Bit Score: 250.90 E-value: 7.62e-74
glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); GH31 enzymes occur in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and ...
402-712
1.18e-70
glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); GH31 enzymes occur in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea with a wide range of hydrolytic activities, including alpha-glucosidase (glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase), alpha-xylosidase, 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase and alpha-1,4-glucan lyase. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. In most cases, the pyranose moiety recognized in subsite -1 of the substrate binding site is an alpha-D-glucose, though some GH31 family members show a preference for alpha-D-xylose. Several GH31 enzymes can accommodate both glucose and xylose and different levels of discrimination between the two have been observed. Most characterized GH31 enzymes are alpha-glucosidases. In mammals, GH31 members with alpha-glucosidase activity are implicated in at least three distinct biological processes. The lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is essential for glycogen degradation and a deficiency or malfunction of this enzyme causes glycogen storage disease II, also known as Pompe disease. In the endoplasmic reticulum, alpha-glucosidase II catalyzes the second step in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway that constitutes part of the quality control system for glycoprotein folding and maturation. The intestinal enzymes sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) play key roles in the final stage of carbohydrate digestion, making alpha-glucosidase inhibitors useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GH31 alpha-glycosidases are retaining enzymes that cleave their substrates via an acid/base-catalyzed, double-displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Two aspartic acid residues have been identified as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, respectively.
Pssm-ID: 269876 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 265 Bit Score: 234.94 E-value: 1.18e-70
Alpha-glucosidase II-like; Alpha-glucosidase II (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase) is a ...
397-744
1.30e-69
Alpha-glucosidase II-like; Alpha-glucosidase II (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase) is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzyme, found in bacteria and plants, which has exo-alpha-1,4-glucosidase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase activities. Alpha-glucosidase II has been characterized in Bacillus thermoamyloliquefaciens where it forms a homohexamer. This subgroup also includes the MalA alpha-glucosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus and the AglA alpha-glucosidase from Picrophilus torridus. MalA is part of the carbohydrate-metabolizing machinery that allows this organism to utilize carbohydrates, such as maltose, as the sole carbon and energy source.
Pssm-ID: 269890 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 339 Bit Score: 235.09 E-value: 1.30e-69
alpha-xylosidase YicI-like; YicI alpha-xylosidase is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) ...
403-736
1.09e-61
alpha-xylosidase YicI-like; YicI alpha-xylosidase is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzyme that catalyzes the release of an alpha-xylosyl residue from the non-reducing end of alpha-xyloside substrates such as alpha-xylosyl fluoride and isoprimeverose. YicI forms a homohexamer (a trimer of dimers). All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. The YicI family corresponds to subgroup 4 in the Ernst et al classification of GH31 enzymes.
Pssm-ID: 269879 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 308 Bit Score: 212.04 E-value: 1.09e-61
glucosidase NET37; NET37 (also known as KIAA1161) is a human lamina-associated nuclear ...
402-800
2.23e-49
glucosidase NET37; NET37 (also known as KIAA1161) is a human lamina-associated nuclear envelope transmembrane protein. A member of the glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) , it has been shown to be required for myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Related proteins are found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Enzymes of the GH31 family possess a wide range of different hydrolytic activities including alpha-glucosidase (glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase), alpha-xylosidase, 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase and alpha-1,4-glucan lyase. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
Pssm-ID: 269878 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 364 Bit Score: 178.95 E-value: 2.23e-49
maltase-glucoamylase, sucrase-isomaltase, lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase; This subgroup ...
402-743
1.11e-41
maltase-glucoamylase, sucrase-isomaltase, lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase; This subgroup includes the following three closely related glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzymes: maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), sucrase-isomaltase (SI), and lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), also known as acid-maltase. MGAM is one of the two enzymes responsible for catalyzing the last glucose-releasing step in starch digestion. SI is implicated in the digestion of dietary starch and major disaccharides such as sucrose and isomaltose, while GAA degrades glycogen in the lysosome, cleaving both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages. MGAM and SI are anchored to small-intestinal brush-border epithelial cells. The absence of SI from the brush border membrane or its malfunction is associated with malabsorption disorders such as congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID). The domain architectures of MGAM and SI include two tandem GH31 catalytic domains, an N-terminal domain found near the membrane-bound end, and a C-terminal luminal domain. Both of the tandem GH31 domains of MGAM and SI are included in this family. The domain architecture of GAA includes an N-terminal TFF (trefoil factor family) domain in addition to the GH31 catalytic domain. Deficient GAA expression causes Pompe disease, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder also known as glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII).
Pssm-ID: 269888 Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 156.90 E-value: 1.11e-41
glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); uncharacterized subgroup; This family represents an ...
396-740
4.06e-40
glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); uncharacterized subgroup; This family represents an uncharacterized GH31 enzyme subgroup found in bacteria and eukaryotes. Enzymes of the GH31 family possess a wide range of different hydrolytic activities including alpha-glucosidase (glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase), alpha-xylosidase, 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase and alpha-1,4-glucan lyase. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
Pssm-ID: 269881 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 304 Bit Score: 150.43 E-value: 4.06e-40
CtsY (cyclic tetrasaccharide-synthesizing enzyme Y)-like; CtsY is a bacterial ...
397-735
6.56e-38
CtsY (cyclic tetrasaccharide-synthesizing enzyme Y)-like; CtsY is a bacterial 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase, first identified in Arthrobacter globiformis, that produces cyclic tetrasaccharides together with a closely related enzyme CtsZ. CtsY and CtsZ both have a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) catalytic domain; CtsZ belongs to a different subfamily. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
Pssm-ID: 269883 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 326 Bit Score: 144.76 E-value: 6.56e-38
E.coli Aec37-like; Glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) domain of a bacterial protein family ...
402-699
9.63e-37
E.coli Aec37-like; Glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) domain of a bacterial protein family represented by Escherichia coli protein Aec37. The gene encoding Aec37 (aec-37) is located within a genomic island (AGI-3) isolated from the extraintestinal avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain BEN2908. The function of Aec37 and its orthologs is unknown; however, deletion of a region of the genome that includes aec-37 affects the assimilation of seven carbohydrates, decreases growth rate of the strain in minimal medium containing galacturonate or trehalose, and attenuates the virulence of E. coli BEN2908 in chickens. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
Pssm-ID: 269885 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 319 Bit Score: 141.20 E-value: 9.63e-37
alpha-1,4-glucan lyase; GLases (alpha-1,4-glucan lyases) are glycosyl hydrolase family 31 ...
397-741
1.01e-34
alpha-1,4-glucan lyase; GLases (alpha-1,4-glucan lyases) are glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzymes that degrade alpha-1,4-glucans and maltooligosaccharides via a nonhydrolytic pathway to yield 1,5-D-anhydrofructose from the nonreducing end. GLases cleave the bond between C1 and O1 of the nonreducing sugar residue of alpha-glucans to generate a monosaccharide product with a double bond between C1 and C2. This family corresponds to subgroup 2 in the Ernst et al classification of GH31 enzymes.
Pssm-ID: 269887 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 347 Bit Score: 136.00 E-value: 1.01e-34
maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM)-like; This family includes the following closely related glycosyl ...
397-736
1.50e-34
maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM)-like; This family includes the following closely related glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzymes: maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), sucrase-isomaltase (SI), lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC), the alpha subunit of neutral alpha-glucosidase AB (GANAB), and alpha-glucosidase II. MGAM is one of the two enzymes responsible for catalyzing the last glucose-releasing step in starch digestion. SI is implicated in the digestion of dietary starch and major disaccharides such as sucrose and isomaltose, while GAA degrades glycogen in the lysosome, cleaving both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages. MGAM and SI are anchored to small-intestinal brush-border epithelial cells. The absence of SI from the brush border membrane or its malfunction is associated with malabsorption disorders such as congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID). The domain architectures of MGAM and SI include two tandem GH31 catalytic domains, an N-terminal domain found near the membrane-bound end and a C-terminal luminal domain. Both of the tandem GH31 domains of MGAM and SI are included in this family. The domain architecture of GAA includes an N-terminal TFF (trefoil factor family) domain in addition to the GH31 catalytic domain. Deficient GAA expression causes Pompe disease, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder also known as glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII). GANC and GANAB are key enzymes in glycogen metabolism that hydrolyze terminal, non-reducing 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues from glycogen in the endoplasmic reticulum. Alpha-glucosidase II is a GH31 enzyme, found in bacteria and plants, which has exo-alpha-1,4-glucosidase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase activities. Alpha-glucosidase II has been characterized in Bacillus thermoamyloliquefaciens where it forms a homohexamer. This family also includes the MalA alpha-glucosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus and the AglA alpha-glucosidase from Picrophilus torridus. MalA is part of the carbohydrate-metabolizing machinery that allows this organism to utilize carbohydrates, such as maltose, as the sole carbon and energy source. The MGAM-like family corresponds to subgroup 1 in the Ernst et al classification of GH31 enzymes.
Pssm-ID: 269886 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 256 Bit Score: 133.00 E-value: 1.50e-34
Clostridium CPE1046-like; CPE1046 is an uncharacterized Clostridium perfringens protein with a ...
605-810
1.90e-24
Clostridium CPE1046-like; CPE1046 is an uncharacterized Clostridium perfringens protein with a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) domain. The domain architecture of CPE1046 and its orthologs includes a C-terminal fibronectin type 3 (FN3) domain and a coagulation factor 5/8 type C domain in addition to the GH31 domain. Enzymes of the GH31 family possess a wide range of different hydrolytic activities including alpha-glucosidase (glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase), alpha-xylosidase, 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase and alpha-1,4-glucan lyase. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
Pssm-ID: 269882 Cd Length: 334 Bit Score: 105.50 E-value: 1.90e-24
Domain of unknown function (DUF5110); This domain is likely to be a carbohydrate-binding ...
855-923
1.71e-23
Domain of unknown function (DUF5110); This domain is likely to be a carbohydrate-binding domain of some description as it is found immediately C-terminal to the glycosyl-hydrolase family Glyco_hydro_31, pfam01055.
Pssm-ID: 465360 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 72 Bit Score: 94.62 E-value: 1.71e-23
Alpha-glucosidase, N-terminal; This domain is found in some members of the glycosyl hydrolase ...
46-124
1.73e-17
Alpha-glucosidase, N-terminal; This domain is found in some members of the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family: alpha-glucosidase 2, alpha-xylosidase and alpha-glucosidase 31B. The function of this domain is unknown. It has a beta- sandwich fold and is adjacent the central catalytic unit.
Pssm-ID: 465098 Cd Length: 90 Bit Score: 78.36 E-value: 1.73e-17
alpha-glucosidase YihQ-like; YihQ is a bacterial alpha-glucosidase with a conserved glycosyl ...
419-704
4.14e-17
alpha-glucosidase YihQ-like; YihQ is a bacterial alpha-glucosidase with a conserved glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) domain that catalyzes the release of an alpha-glucosyl residue from the non-reducing end of alpha-glucoside substrates such as alpha-glucosyl fluoride. Orthologs of YihQ that have not yet been functionally characterized are present in plants and fungi. YihQ has sequence similarity to other GH31 enzymes such as CtsZ, a 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase from Bacillus globisporus, and YicI, an alpha-xylosidase from Echerichia coli. These latter two belong to different GH31 subfamilies than YihQ. In bacteria, YihQ (along with YihO) is important for bacterial O-antigen capsule assembly and translocation.
Pssm-ID: 269880 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 325 Bit Score: 83.40 E-value: 4.14e-17
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to ...
149-208
1.10e-11
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to the glycosyl-hydrolase domain of Glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). GH31 includes the glycoside hydrolases alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), alpha-1,3-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.84), alpha-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.177), sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48 and EC 3.2.1.10), as well as alpha-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.13). All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. In most cases, the pyranose moiety recognized in subsite-1 of the substrate binding site is an alpha-D-glucose, though some GH31 family members show a preference for alpha-D-xylose. Several GH31 enzymes can accommodate both glucose and xylose and different levels of discrimination between the two have been observed. Most characterized GH31 enzymes are alpha-glucosidases. In mammals, GH31 members with alpha-glucosidase activity are implicated in at least three distinct biological processes. The lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is essential for glycogen degradation and a deficiency or malfunction of this enzyme causes glycogen storage disease II, also known as Pompe disease. In the endoplasmic reticulum, alpha-glucosidase II catalyzes the second step in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway that constitutes part of the quality control system for glycoprotein folding and maturation. The intestinal enzymes sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) play key roles in the final stage of carbohydrate digestion, making alpha-glucosidase inhibitors useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GH31 alpha-glycosidases are retaining enzymes that cleave their substrates via an acid/base-catalyzed, double-displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Two aspartic acid residues of the catalytic domain have been identified as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, respectively. A loop of the N-terminal beta-sandwich domain is part of the active site pocket.
Pssm-ID: 270212 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 122 Bit Score: 62.59 E-value: 1.10e-11
PA14 domain; This domain forms an insert in bacterial beta-glucosidases and is found in other ...
227-340
4.38e-09
PA14 domain; This domain forms an insert in bacterial beta-glucosidases and is found in other glycosidases, glycosyltransferases, proteases, amidases, yeast adhesins, and bacterial toxins, including anthrax protective antigen (PA). The domain also occurs in a Dictyostelium prespore-cell-inducing factor Psi and in fibrocystin, the mammalian protein whose mutation leads to polycystic kidney and hepatic disease. The crystal structure of PA shows that this domain (named PA14 after its location in the PA20 pro-peptide) has a beta-barrel structure. The PA14 domain sequence suggests a binding function, rather than a catalytic role. The PA14 domain distribution is compatible with carbohydrate binding.
Pssm-ID: 400161 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 141 Bit Score: 55.84 E-value: 4.38e-09
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to ...
357-397
3.68e-06
N-terminal domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31); This family is found N-terminal to the glycosyl-hydrolase domain of Glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). GH31 includes the glycoside hydrolases alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), alpha-1,3-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.84), alpha-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.177), sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48 and EC 3.2.1.10), as well as alpha-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.13). All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. In most cases, the pyranose moiety recognized in subsite-1 of the substrate binding site is an alpha-D-glucose, though some GH31 family members show a preference for alpha-D-xylose. Several GH31 enzymes can accommodate both glucose and xylose and different levels of discrimination between the two have been observed. Most characterized GH31 enzymes are alpha-glucosidases. In mammals, GH31 members with alpha-glucosidase activity are implicated in at least three distinct biological processes. The lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is essential for glycogen degradation and a deficiency or malfunction of this enzyme causes glycogen storage disease II, also known as Pompe disease. In the endoplasmic reticulum, alpha-glucosidase II catalyzes the second step in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway that constitutes part of the quality control system for glycoprotein folding and maturation. The intestinal enzymes sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) play key roles in the final stage of carbohydrate digestion, making alpha-glucosidase inhibitors useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GH31 alpha-glycosidases are retaining enzymes that cleave their substrates via an acid/base-catalyzed, double-displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Two aspartic acid residues of the catalytic domain have been identified as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, respectively. A loop of the N-terminal beta-sandwich domain is part of the active site pocket.
Pssm-ID: 270212 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 122 Bit Score: 46.80 E-value: 3.68e-06
Galactose mutarotase-like; This family is found N-terminal to glycosyl-hydrolase domains, and ...
155-208
1.99e-05
Galactose mutarotase-like; This family is found N-terminal to glycosyl-hydrolase domains, and appears to be similar to the galactose mutarotase superfamily.
Pssm-ID: 463987 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 67 Bit Score: 43.22 E-value: 1.99e-05
Glycoside hydrolases, clan D; This group of glycosyl hydrolase families is comprised of ...
410-665
3.32e-04
Glycoside hydrolases, clan D; This group of glycosyl hydrolase families is comprised of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31), family 36 (GH36), and family 27 (GH27). These structurally and mechanistically related protein families are retaining enzymes that cleave their substrates via an acid/base-catalyzed, double-displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Two aspartic acid residues have been identified as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, respectively. They have a wide range of functions including alpha-glucosidase, alpha-xylosidase, 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, stachyose synthase, raffinose synthase, and alpha-1,4-glucan lyase.
Pssm-ID: 269891 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 253 Bit Score: 43.38 E-value: 3.32e-04
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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