Nature of Genome:
General Host Type:
Morphology:
|
dsDNA
Algae
not enveloped, isometric |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Three groups of viruses are delineated based on host specificity.
Group 1. Paramecium bursaria Chlorella NC64A viruses (NC64A viruses)
Group 2. Paramecium bursaria Chlorella Pbi viruses (Pbi viruses)
Group 3. Hydra viridis Chlorella viruses (HVC viruses)
Chlorella strains NC64A, ATCC 30562, and NIA (originally symbionts of the protozoan P. bursaria), collected in the United States,
are the only known host for NC64A viruses. Chlorella strain Pbi (originally a symbiont of a European strain of P. bursaria)
collected in Germany, is the only known host for Pbi viruses. Pbi viruses do not infect Chlorella strains NC64A, ATCC 30562, and N1A.
Chlorella strain Florida (originally a symbiont of Hydra viridis) is the only known host for Hydra viridis Chlorella virus (HVCV).
NC64A viruses are placed in 16 species based on plaque size, serological reactivity, resistance of the genome to restriction endonucleases,
virus encoded restriction endonucleases and nature and content of methylated bases.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.051.0.01.003. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 |
| |
00.051.0.01.003.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 | [U42580] | (PBCV-1) |
00.051.0.01.005. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus AL1A |
| |
00.051.0.01.005.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus AL1A |
| (PBCV-AL1A) |
00.051.0.01.006. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus AL2A |
| |
00.051.0.01.006.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus AL2A |
| (PBCV-AL2A) |
00.051.0.01.008. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus BJ2C |
| |
00.051.0.01.008.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus BJ2C |
| (PBCV-BJ2C) |
00.051.0.01.011. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CA4A |
| |
00.051.0.01.011.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CA4A |
| (PBCV-CA4A) |
00.051.0.01.012. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CA4B |
| |
00.051.0.01.012.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CA4B |
| (PBCV-CA4B) |
00.051.0.01.014. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus IL3A |
| |
00.051.0.01.014.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus IL3A |
| (PBCV-IL3A) |
00.051.0.01.017. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NC1A |
| |
00.051.0.01.017.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NC1A |
| (PBCV-NC1A) |
00.051.0.01.018. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NE8A |
| |
00.051.0.01.018.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NE8A |
| (PBCV-NE8A) |
00.051.0.01.019. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NY2A |
| |
00.051.0.01.019.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NY2A |
| (PBCV-NY2A) |
00.051.0.01.021. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NYs1 |
| |
00.051.0.01.021.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NYs1 |
| (PBCV-NYs1) |
00.051.0.01.023. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus SC1A |
| |
00.051.0.01.023.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus SC1A |
| (PBCV-SC1A) |
00.051.0.01.025. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus XY6E |
| |
00.051.0.01.025.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus XY6E |
| (PBCV-XY6E) |
00.051.0.01.026. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus XZ3A |
| |
00.051.0.01.026.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus XZ3A |
| (PBCV-XZ3A) |
00.051.0.01.027. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus XZ4A |
| |
00.051.0.01.027.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus XZ4A |
| (PBCV-XZ4A) |
00.051.0.01.028. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus XZ4C |
| |
00.051.0.01.028.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus XZ4C |
| (PBCV-XZ4C) |
00.051.0.01.004. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus A1 |
| |
00.051.0.01.004.00.001. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus A1 |
| (PBCV-A1) |
00.051.0.01.002. | Hydra viridis Chlorella virus 1 |
| |
00.051.0.01.002.00.001. | Hydra viridis Chlorella virus 1 |
| (HVCV-1) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.051.0.81.006. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus AL2C |
| (PBCV-AL2C) |
00.051.0.81.042. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CA1A |
| (PBCV-CA1A) |
00.051.0.81.043. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CA1D |
| (PBCV-CA1D) |
00.051.0.81.045. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CA2A |
| (PBCV-CA2A) |
00.051.0.81.049. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CVBII |
| (PBCV-CVBII) |
00.051.0.81.050. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CVK2 |
| (PBCV-CVK2) |
00.051.0.81.051. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus CVU1 |
| (PBCV-CVU1) |
00.051.0.81.046. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus IL2A |
| (PBCV-IL2A) |
00.051.0.81.047. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus IL2B |
| (PBCV-IL2B) |
00.051.0.81.048. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus IL3D |
| (PBCV-IL3D) |
00.051.0.81.022. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus IL5-2s1 |
| (PBCV-IL5-2s1) |
00.051.0.81.029. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus MA1D |
| (PBCV-MA1D) |
00.051.0.81.030. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus MA1E |
| (PBCV-MA1E) |
00.051.0.81.031. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NC1B |
| (PBCV-NC1B) |
00.051.0.81.032. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NC1C |
| (PBCV-NC1C) |
00.051.0.81.033. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NC1D |
| (PBCV-NC1D) |
00.051.0.81.034. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NE8D |
| (PBCV-NE8D) |
00.051.0.81.035. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NY2B |
| (PBCV-NY2B) |
00.051.0.81.036. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NY2C |
| (PBCV-NY2C) |
00.051.0.81.037. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NY2F |
| (PBCV-NY2F) |
00.051.0.81.038. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus NYb1 |
| (PBCV-NYb1) |
00.051.0.81.039. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus SC1B |
| (PBCV-SC1B) |
00.051.0.81.040. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus SH6A |
| (PBCV-SH6A) |
00.051.0.81.041. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus XZ5C |
| (PBCV-XZ5C) |
00.051.0.81.007. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus B1 |
| (PBCV-B1) |
00.051.0.81.013. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus G1 |
| (PBCV-G1) |
00.051.0.81.015. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus M1 |
| (PBCV-M1) |
00.051.0.81.054. | Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus R1 |
| (PBCV-R1) |
00.051.0.81.052. | Hydra viridis Chlorella virus 2 |
| (HVCV-2) |
00.051.0.81.053. | Hydra viridis Chlorella virus 3 |
| (HVCV-3) |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Not applicable.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.051.0.06.001. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 86 |
| |
00.051.0.06.001.00.001. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 86 |
| (EhV-86) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.051.0.86.002. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 84 |
| (EhV84) |
00.051.0.86.003. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 88 |
| (EhV88) |
00.051.0.86.004. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 163 |
| (EhV163) |
00.051.0.86.005. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 201 |
| (EhV201) |
00.051.0.86.006. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 202 |
| (EhV202) |
00.051.0.86.007. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 203 |
| (EhV203) |
00.051.0.86.008. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 205 |
| (EhV205) |
00.051.0.86.009. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 207 |
| (EhV207) |
00.051.0.86.010. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 208 |
| (EhV208) |
00.051.0.86.011. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 99B1 |
| (EhV-99B1) |
00.051.0.86.012. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 2KB1 |
| (EhV-2KB1) |
00.051.0.86.013. | Emiliania huxleyi virus 2KB2 |
| (EhV-2KB2) |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Not applicable.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.051.0.82.002. | Micromonas pusilla virus SP2 |
| (MpV-SP2) |
00.051.0.82.003. | Micromonas pusilla virus GM1 |
| (MpV-GM1) |
00.051.0.82.004. | Micromonas pusilla virus PB8 |
| (MpV-PB8) |
00.051.0.82.005. | Micromonas pusilla virus SG1 |
| (MpV-SG1) |
00.051.0.82.006. | Micromonas pusilla virus PB7 |
| (MpV-PB7) |
00.051.0.82.007. | Micromonas pusilla virus PB6 |
| (MpV-PB6) |
00.051.0.82.008. | Micromonas pusilla virus PL1 |
| (MpV-PL1) |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Not applicable.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.051.0.83.002. | Chrysochromulina brevifilum virus PW3 |
| (CbV-PW3) |
00.051.0.83.003. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 1 (Texel) |
| (PgV-01T) |
00.051.0.83.004. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 10 (Texel) |
| (PgV-10T) |
00.051.0.83.005. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 102 (Plymouth) |
| |
00.051.0.83.006. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 11 (Texel) |
| (PgV-11T) |
00.051.0.83.007. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 12 (Texel) |
| (PgV-12T) |
00.051.0.83.008. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 13 (Texel) |
| (PgV-13T) |
00.051.0.83.009. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 14 (Texel) |
| (PgV-14T) |
00.051.0.83.010. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 15 (Texel) |
| (PgV-15T) |
00.051.0.83.011. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 16 (Texel) |
| (PgV-16T) |
00.051.0.83.012. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 17 (Texel) |
| (PgV-17T) |
00.051.0.83.013. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 18 (Texel) |
| (PgV-18T) |
00.051.0.83.014. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 2 (Texel) |
| (PgV-02T) |
00.051.0.83.015. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 3 (Texel) |
| (PgV-03T) |
00.051.0.83.016. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 4 (Texel) |
| (PgV-04T) |
00.051.0.83.017. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 5 (Texel) |
| (PgV-05T) |
00.051.0.83.018. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 6 (Texel) |
| (PgV-06T) |
00.051.0.83.019. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 7 (Texel) |
| (PgV-07T) |
00.051.0.83.020. | Phaeocystis globosa virus 9 (Texel) |
| (PgV-09T) |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Seven species of viruses are delineated based in part on host specificity.Field isolates of at least seven genera of the Phaeophycae contain
120-150 nm diameter polyhedral virus-like particles. The particles contain dsDNA genomes that vary in size from 150-350 kb, although the major CP gene
and DNA polymerase sequence data indicate that they are closely related. Virus expression is variable; particles are rarely observed in vegetative cells
but are common in unilocular sporangia (Feldmannia species virus, FsV) or both unilocular and plurilocular sporangia and gametangia (EsV). Some of the
viruses have a narrow host range (FsV), whereas others such as Ectocarpus fasciculatus virus (EfV) and EsV infect members of more than one genus.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.051.0.04.002. | Ectocarpus fasciculatus virus a |
| |
00.051.0.04.002.00.001. | Ectocarpus fasciculatus virus a |
| (EfV-a) |
00.051.0.04.002. | Ectocarpus fasciculatus virus 1 |
| |
00.051.0.04.003. | Ectocarpus siliculosus virus 1 |
| |
00.051.0.04.003.00.001. | Ectocarpus siliculosus virus 1 | [AF204951] | (EsV-1) |
00.051.0.04.004. | Ectocarpus siliculosus virus a |
| |
00.051.0.04.004.00.001. | Ectocarpus siliculosus virus a |
| (EsV-a) |
00.051.0.04.005. | Feldmannia irregularis virus a |
| |
00.051.0.04.005.00.001. | Feldmannia irregularis virus a |
| (FiV-a) |
00.051.0.04.005. | Feldmannia irregularis virus 1 |
| |
00.051.0.04.006. | Feldmannia species virus |
| |
00.051.0.04.006.00.001. | Feldmannia species virus |
| (FsV-a) |
00.051.0.04.007. | Feldmannia species virus a |
| |
00.051.0.04.007.00.001. | Feldmannia species virus a |
| (FsV) |
00.051.0.04.007. | Feldmannia species virus 1 |
| |
00.051.0.04.008. | Hincksia hinckiae virus a |
| |
00.051.0.04.008.00.001. | Hincksia hinckiae virus a |
| (HhV-a) |
00.051.0.04.008. | Hincksia hinckiae virus 1 |
| |
00.051.0.04.009. | Myriotrichia clavaeformis virus a |
| |
00.051.0.04.009.00.001. | Myriotrichia clavaeformis virus a |
| (McV-a) |
00.051.0.04.009. | Myriotrichia clavaeformis virus 1 |
| |
00.051.0.04.010. | Pilayella littoralis virus 1 |
| |
00.051.0.04.010.00.001. | Pilayella littoralis virus 1 |
| (PIV-a) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
None reported.
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Not applicable.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.051.0.05.001. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 01 |
| |
00.051.0.05.001.00.001. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 01 |
| (HaV01) |
00.051.0.05.001. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 1 |
| |
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.051.0.85.002. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 02 |
| (HaV02) |
00.051.0.85.002. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 2 |
| |
00.051.0.85.003. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 03 |
| (HaV03) |
00.051.0.85.003. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 3 |
| |
00.051.0.85.004. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 04 |
| (HaV04) |
00.051.0.85.004. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 4 |
| |
00.051.0.85.005. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 05 |
| (HaV05) |
00.051.0.85.005. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 5 |
| |
00.051.0.85.006. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 06 |
| (HaV06) |
00.051.0.85.006. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 6 |
| |
00.051.0.85.007. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 07 |
| (HaV07) |
00.051.0.85.007. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 7 |
| |
00.051.0.85.008. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 08 |
| (HaV08) |
00.051.0.85.008. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 8 |
| |
00.051.0.85.009. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 09 |
| (HaV09) |
00.051.0.85.009. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 9 |
| |
00.051.0.85.010. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 10 |
| (HaV10) |
00.051.0.85.011. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 11 |
| (HaV11) |
00.051.0.85.012. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 12 |
| (HaV12) |
00.051.0.85.013. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 13 |
| (HaV13) |
00.051.0.85.014. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 14 |
| (HaV14) |
00.051.0.85.015. | Heterosigma akashiwo virus 15 |
| (HaV15) |
List of Unassigned Viruses in the Family
The following viruses have phenotypic characteristics suggesting that they belong to the family Phycodnaviridae. However, taxonomic
assignment cannot be confirmed until phylogenetic information on their DNA polymerase genes becomes available. The following large dsDNA
viruses have been reported and it is possible that after further characterization, they could be assigned either as a separate genus or fall
within one of the six genera in the family Phycodnaviridae.
Aureococcus anophagefference virus (AaV)(Brown tide virus): This virus was isolated from Great South Bay New York, USA, in 1992.
Viruses are 140-160 nm in diameter and cultures of Aureococcus anophagefference usually lyse within 24-48 hrs.
Chrysochromulina ericina virus 01B (CeV-01B): This virus was isolated from water collected off the coast of Bergen, Norway, in June 1998.
Viruses have particle diameters of 160 nm and a genome size of 510 kbp. The lytic cycle is 14-19 hrs and the burst size is 1800-4100 viruses per host cell.
Heterocapsa circularisquama viruses 01 - 10 (HcV-01 to HcV-10): These viruses were isolated from H. circularisuqama blooms in
Wakinoura Fishing Port, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, in August 1999 and in Fukura Bay, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan in August 1999. HcV01 contains a large
dsDNA genome ~350 kbp, icosohedral symmetry and is 180-210 nm in diameter (197 ± 8 nm). These viruses are relatively easy to isolate and susceptible
host strains usually lyse 2-7 days after the addition of filtered seawater. The latent period and the burst size of HcV-03 are 40-56 hrs and 1800-2440
at 20-25°C, respectively. Although these viruses rapidly degrade to lose infectivity even when kept at 4°C in the dark, they can be cryopreserved by
using a suitable cryoprotectant.
Phaeocystis pouchetii virus 01 (PpV-01): This virus was isolated from water collected at the end of a P. pouchetii bloom off the coast of
Bergen, Norway, in May 1995. Viruses have particle diameters of 130-160 nm and a genome size of 485 kbp. The latent period is 12-18 hrs, complete lysis
of cultures is observed after 48 hrs and the burst size is ~350-600 viruses per host cell.
Pyramimonas orientalis virus 01B (PoV-01B): This virus was isolated from water collected off the coast of Bergen, Norway, in June 1998.
Viruses have particle sizes of 220 x 180 nm and a genome size of 560 kbp. The lytic cycle is 14-19 hrs and the burst size is ~800-1000 viruses per host cell.
Tentative Species Unassigned in the Family
00.051.0.00.001. | Aureococcus anophagefference virus |
| |
00.051.0.00.001.00.001. | Aureococcus anophagefference virus |
| (AaV) |
00.051.0.00.001. | Brown tide virus |
| |
00.051.0.00.002. | Chrysochromulina ericina virus 01B |
| |
00.051.0.00.002.00.001. | Chrysochromulina ericina virus 01B |
| (CeV-01B) |
00.051.0.00.003. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 01 |
| |
00.051.0.00.003.00.001. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 01 |
| (HcV-01) |
00.051.0.00.006. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 02 |
| (HcV-02) |
00.051.0.00.007. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 03 |
| (HcV-03) |
00.051.0.00.008. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 04 |
| (HcV-04) |
00.051.0.00.009. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 05 |
| (HcV-05) |
00.051.0.00.010. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 06 |
| (HcV-06) |
00.051.0.00.011. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 07 |
| (HcV-07) |
00.051.0.00.012. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 08 |
| (HcV-08) |
00.051.0.00.013. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 09 |
| (HcV-09) |
00.051.0.00.014. | Heterocapsa circularisquama virus 10 |
| (HcV-10) |
00.051.0.00.004. | Phaeocystis pouchetii virus 01 |
| |
00.051.0.00.004.00.001. | Phaeocystis pouchetii virus 01 |
| (PpV-01) |
00.051.0.00.005. | Pyramimonas orientalis virus 01B |
| |
00.051.0.00.005.00.001. | Pyramimonas orientalis virus 01B |
| (PoV-01B) |
Similarity with other Taxa
Many large polyhedral virus-like particles have been observed in electron micrographs of eukaryotic algae.
However, for the most part these particles have not been characterized.
Derivation of Names
Chloro: from Greek chloro, meaning "green".
Cocco: derived from Greek kokkis, meaning "grain" or "berry" (referring to their shape).
dna: sigla for deoxyribonucleic acid.
Lith: from Greek lithos, meaning "stone".
Phaeo: from Greek phaeo, meaning "brown".
Phyco: from Greek phycos, meaning "plant".
Prasino: from Latin prasino, meaning "green".
Prymnesio: from Greek prymne, meaning "stern of a ship".
Raphido: from Greek raphido, meaning "spine".
References
Collated from VIIIth ICTV Report
Contributed by
Wilson, W.H., Van Etten, J.L., Schroeder, D.S., Nagasaki, K., Brussaard, C., Delaroque, N., Bratbak, G. and Suttle, C.
Cite this publication as: Index of Viruses - Phycodnaviridae (2006). In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_index.htm
Version 4 is based on Virus Taxonomy, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, 8th ICTV Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Fauquet, CM, Mayo, MA, Maniloff, J, Desselberger, U, and Ball, LA (EDS) (2005) Elsevier/Academic Press, pp. 1259.
Additional References
Reference List from the 8th ICTV Report
ICTVdB taxon description
ICTVdB Picture Gallery
References to sequence databases at GenBank and PubMed Central:
PubMed Central References;
nucleotide sequences;
complete genomes
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