List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
The following species-defining characteristics and associated limits are preliminary in nature. The following definitions assume that all material being compared has been grown under near identical conditions and prepared for examination following identical protocols. It is recommended that members of both recognized virus species be included in all characterization studies of novel isolates.
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Amino acid sequence analysis of the MCP: Members of distinct species should exhibit no more than 90% as sequence identity for the complete protein sequence. PCR primers have been designed for conserved regions of this gene. Although the complete
IIV-6 genome has been determined and the sequence of a number of other proteins from different isolates has been ascertained, this information has not been used for species differentiation and quantitative limits of similarity have not been established.
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DNA-DNA dot-blot hybridization: Hybridization values should be less than 50% for members of distinct species. DNA-DNA reassociation in solution has not proven useful for species comparisons of iridoviruses.
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RFLP: Using a panel of not fewer than 4 restriction endonucleases (both rare and frequent cutters) distinct species should show completely distinct restriction endonuclease profiles.
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Serology: Antisera from members of strains within a species should exhibit high levels of cross reactivity. Within and among species, comparison by Western blot analysis using antibodies raised against disrupted virions is the preferred method.
Comparisons should be performed simultaneously wherever possible and reference species should be included in each determination.
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The major structural protein of IIV-1 shows 66.4% as sequence identity to that of IIV-6 and approximately 50% or lower as sequence identity to iridoviruses in other genera. Less than 1% DNA-DNA hybridization for genomic DNA was detected by dot-blot method
between IIV-1 and IIV-6 (stringency: 26% mismatch). Restriction endonuclease profiles (HindII, EcoRI, Sall) showed a coefficient of similarity of <66% between lIV-1 and IIV-6. These species did not share common antigens when tested by tube precipitation, infectivity neutralization, reversed single radial immunodiffusion or enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Genome and protein size differences are not useful in differentiating these species; genome sizes can be highly variable among strains of a species whereas the size of the MCP is well conserved among species. Little is known about the usefulness of other proteins as species demarcation criteria in the genus.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.036.0.01.002. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 1 |
| |
00.036.0.01.002.00.001. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 1 | [M62953] | (IIV-1) |
00.036.0.01.002.00.001. | (Tipula iridescent virus) | [M33542] | (TIV) |
00.036.0.01.003. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 |
| |
00.036.0.01.003.00.001. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 | [AF303741] | (IIV-6) |
00.036.0.01.003.00.003. | Gryllus iridovirus | [AF247641] | (GRIV) |
00.036.0.01.003.00.002. | Chilo iridescent virus | [AF003534] | (CIV) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.036.0.81.004. | Anticarsia gemmatalis iridescent virus |
| |
00.036.0.81.004.00.001. | Anticarsia gemmatalis iridescent virus | [AF042343] | (AGIV) |
00.036.0.81.005. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 2 |
| |
00.036.0.81.005.00.002. | Sericesthis iridescent virus | [AF042335] | (IIV-2) |
00.036.0.81.009. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 9 |
| |
00.036.0.81.009.00.002. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 10 |
| (IIV-9) |
00.036.0.81.009.00.003. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 18 |
| |
00.036.0.81.009.00.004. | Opogonia iridescent virus |
| |
00.036.0.81.009.00.005. | Wiseana iridescent virus | [AF025774] | |
00.036.0.81.009.00.006. | Witlesia iridescent virus |
| |
00.036.0.81.010. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 16 |
| |
00.036.0.81.010.00.002. | Costelytra zealandica iridescent virus | [AF025775] | (IIV-16) |
00.036.0.81.011. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 21 |
| |
00.036.0.81.011.00.002. | Heliothis armigera iridescent virus |
| (IIV-21) |
00.036.0.81.011.00.003. | Insect iridescent virus 28 |
| |
00.036.0.81.011.00.004. | Lethocerus columbinae iridescent virus |
| |
00.036.0.81.012. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 22 |
| |
00.036.0.81.012.00.001. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 22 | [M32799] | (IIV-22) |
00.036.0.81.012.00.002. | Simulium sp. iridescent virus | [AF042341] | |
00.036.0.81.013. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 23 |
| |
00.036.0.81.013.00.001. | Black beetle iridescent virus |
| (IIV-23) |
00.036.0.81.013.00.002. | Heteronychus arator iridescent virus | [AF042342] | |
00.036.0.81.014. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 24 |
| |
00.036.0.81.014.00.001. | Apis iridescent virus | [AF042340] | (IIV-24) |
00.036.0.81.014.00.002. | Bee iridescent virus |
| |
00.036.0.81.014.00.001. | (Apis cerana iridescent virus) | [AF042340] | |
00.036.0.81.015. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 29 |
| |
00.036.0.81.015.00.001. | Tenebrio molitor iridescent virus | [AF042339] | (IIV-29) |
00.036.0.81.016. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 30 |
| |
00.036.0.81.016.00.001. | Helicoverpa zea iridescent virus | [AF042336] | (IIV-30) |
00.036.0.81.017. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 |
| |
00.036.0.81.017.00.001. | Armadillidium vulgare iridescent virus | [AF042337] | (IIV-31) |
00.036.0.81.017.00.001. | Armadillidium vulgare iridescent virus | [AJ279821] | (IIV-31) |
00.036.0.81.017.00.002. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 32 |
| |
00.036.0.81.017.00.003. | Isopod iridescent virus |
| |
00.036.0.81.017.00.004. | Porcellio dilatatus iridescent virus |
| |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Not applicable.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.036.0.02.001. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 3 |
| |
00.036.0.02.001.00.001. | Invertebrate iridescent virus 3 |
| (IIV-3) |
00.036.0.02.001.00.002. | Aedes taeniorhynchus iridescent virus | [AJ312708] | |
00.036.0.02.001.00.003. | Mosquito iridescent virus |
| |
Tentative Species in the Genus
None reported.
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Ranaviruses cause systemic disease in fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Members of the six viral species are differentiated from one another by multiple criteria: RFLP profiles, virus protein profiles, DNA sequence analysis, and host specificity. PCR primers have been designed to amplify 3' and 5' regions within the MCP gene for identification purposes. Definitive quantitative criteria based on the above features have not yet been established to delineate different viral species.Generally, if a given isolate shows a distinct RFLP profile, possesses a distinctive host range, and is markedly different from other viruses at the as sequence level, 'it is considered a distinct viral species.For example, ranavirus DNA digested with KpnI can be ordered into several groups based on RFLP profiles. Strains within the same species shared >70% of their bands in common and showed >95% as sequence identity within the MCP or other key genes (e.g., ATPase, eIF-2a homolog).
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.036.0.03.005. | Ambystoma tigrinum virus |
| |
00.036.0.03.005.00.001. | Ambystoma tigrinum virus | [AY150217] | (ATV) |
00.036.0.03.005.00.002. | Regina ranavirus |
| |
00.036.0.03.002. | Bohle iridovirus |
| |
00.036.0.03.002.00.001. | Bohle iridovirus | [AF157650] | (BIV) |
00.036.0.03.002.00.001. | Bohle iridovirus | [AF157651] | (BIV) |
00.036.0.03.003. | Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus |
| |
00.036.0.03.003.00.001. | Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | [AJ007358] | (EHNV) |
00.036.0.03.003.00.001. | Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | [AJ130963] | (EHNV) |
00.036.0.03.003.00.001. | Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | [AJ130964] | (EHNV) |
00.036.0.03.003.00.001. | Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | [AJ130965] | (EHNV) |
00.036.0.03.009. | European catfish virus |
| |
00.036.0.03.009.00.001. | European catfish virus | [AF127911] | (ECV) |
00.036.0.03.009.00.001. | (Ictalurus melas ranavirus) | [U82551] | (ECV) |
00.036.0.03.009.00.001. | (Ictalurus melas ranavirus) | [U82631] | (ECV) |
00.036.0.03.009.00.002. | European sheatfish virus | [AF157678] | (ESV) |
00.036.0.03.001. | Frog virus 3 |
| |
00.036.0.03.001.00.001. | Frog virus 3 | [AY548484] | (FV-3) |
00.036.0.03.001.00.002. | Box turtle virus 3 |
| |
00.036.0.03.001.00.003. | Bufo bufo United Kingdom virus |
| |
00.036.0.03.001.00.004. | Bufo marinus Venezuelan iridovirus 1 | [AF157649] | |
00.036.0.03.001.00.005. | Lucké triturus virus 1 |
| |
00.036.0.03.001.00.006. | Rana temporaria United Kingdom virus |
| |
00.036.0.03.001.00.007. | Redwood Park virus |
| |
00.036.0.03.001.00.008. | Stickleback virus |
| |
00.036.0.03.001.00.009. | Tadpole edema virus | [AF157681] | |
00.036.0.03.001.00.010. | Tadpole virus 2 |
| |
00.036.0.03.001.00.011. | Tiger frog virus | [AF389451] | (TFV) |
00.036.0.03.001.00.012. | Tortoise virus 5 |
| |
00.036.0.03.006. | Santee-Cooper ranavirus |
| |
00.036.0.03.006.00.001. | Santee-Cooper ranavirus | [AF080250] | (SCRV) |
00.036.0.03.006.00.002. | Doctor fish virus |
| (DFV) |
00.036.0.03.006.00.003. | Guppy virus 6 |
| (GV6) |
00.036.0.03.006.00.004. | Largemouth bass virus | AF462340 | (LMBV) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.036.0.83.010. | Rana esculenta iridovirus |
| |
00.036.0.83.011. | Singapore grouper iridovirus | [AY521625] | |
00.036.0.83.012. | Testudo iridovirus |
| |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Definitive criteria have not yet been established to delineate the viral species. LCDV-1 infects flounder and plaice, while LCDV-2 infects dab. The two species are distinguished from one another by host specificity, histopathology, and molecular criteria: viral protein profiles, DNA sequence analysis, and PCR. PCR primers targeted to regions within the MCP and ORF167L can be used to distinguish between species. While the designation of LCDV-1 as a viral species is well supported in the literature, data supporting the designation of LCDV-2 is still preliminary.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.036.0.04.001. | Lymphocystis disease virus 1 |
| |
00.036.0.04.001.00.001. | Lymphocystis disease virus 1 | [L63545] | (LCDV-1) |
00.036.0.04.001.00.002. | Flounder virus |
| |
00.036.0.04.001.00.001. | Flounder lymphocystis disease virus |
| (FLDV) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
00.036.0.84.003. | Dab lymphocystis disease virus |
| |
00.036.0.84.003. | Lymphocystis disease virus 2 |
| |
00.036.0.84.002. | Lymphocystis disease virus 2 |
| (LCDV-2) |
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Megalocytiviruses are distinguished from ranaviruses and lymphocystiviruses by their cytopathological presentation (i.e., inclusion body-bearing cells) and sequence analysis of key viral genes, e.g., ATPase and MCP, for which PCR primers have been developed. Megalocytiviruses show >94% sequence identity within these genes, whereas sequence identity with ranaviruses and lymphocystiviruses is <50%. Based on sequence analysis and serological studies, all megalocytiviruses isolated to date appear to be strains of the same viral species.
List of Species in the Genus
The ICTVdB virus code and the viruses. Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species
names, alternative names ( ), isolates, strains, serotypes, subspecies, or rejected names are not italicized.
Virus codes, virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ), are:
Species, their serotypes, strains and isolates
00.036.0.05.001. | Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus |
| |
00.036.0.05.001.00.001. | Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus | [NC_003494] | (ISKNV) |
00.036.0.05.001.00.002. | Red Sea bream iridovirus | [AB006954] | (RSIV) |
00.036.0.05.001.00.002. | Red Sea bream iridovirus | [AB007366] | (RSIV) |
00.036.0.05.001.00.002. | Red Sea bream iridovirus | [AB007367] | (RSIV) |
00.036.0.05.001.00.002. | Red Sea bream iridovirus | [AB018418] | (RSIV) |
00.036.0.05.001.00.003. | Sea bass iridovirus | [AB043977] | (SBIV) |
00.036.0.05.001.00.004. | African lampeye iridovirus | [AB043979] | (ALIV) |
00.036.0.05.001.00.005. | Grouper sleepy disease iridovirus | [AB043978] | (GSDIV) |
00.036.0.05.001.00.006. | Dwarf gourami iridovirus |
| (DGIV) |
00.036.0.05.001.00.007. | Taiwan grouper iridovirus | [AAL68652] | (TGIV) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
None reported.
List of Unassigned Viruses in the Family
The presence of large, non-enveloped virus particles in both assembly sites and paracrystalline arrays within the cytoplasm of infected cells is characteristic of iridovirus infections. Because of these distinguishing morphological features, several viruses infecting ectothermic animals have been tentatively identified as iridoviruses without further molecular or serological characterization. Furthermore, because many of these viruses have not yet been grown in culture little is known about their mode of replication and molecular organization.
List of unassigned viruses
00.036.0.00.003. | Erythrocytic necrosis virus | | |
00.036.0.00.008. | White sturgeon iridovirus | | |
Similarity with other Taxa
The iridovirus MCP and viral DNA polymerase genes share as sequence similarities to African swine fever virus (Asfarviridae),
species within the family Ascoviridae, and Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 (Phycodnaviridae). More distant relatedness
to herpesviruses, adenoviruses, poxviruses, and baculoviruses has also been noted.
Derivation of Names
Chloro: from Greek chloros, meaning "green".
Cysti: from Greek kystis meaning "bladder/ sac".
Irido: from Greek iris, iridos, goddess whose sign was the rainbow, hence iridescent "shining like a rainbow" from the appearance of patently infected invertebrates and centrifuged pellets of virions.
Lympho: from Latin lympha, meaning "water".
Megalocyti: from the Greek megalos "big" and kystis meaning "bladder/sac", to describe "enlarged cell".
Rana: from Latin rana, meaning "frog".
References
Collated from VIIIth ICTV Report
Contributed by
Chinchar, V.G., Essbauer, S., He, J.G., Hyatt, A., Miyazaki, T., Seligy, V. and Williams, T.
Cite this publication as: Index of Viruses - Iridoviridae (2006). In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_index.htm
Version 4 is based on Virus Taxonomy, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, 8th ICTV Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Fauquet, CM, Mayo, MA, Maniloff, J, Desselberger, U, and Ball, LA (EDS) (2005) Elsevier/Academic Press, pp. 1259.
Additional References
Reference List from the 8th ICTV Report
ICTVdB taxon description
ICTVdB Picture Gallery
References to sequence databases at GenBank and PubMed Central:
PubMed Central References;
nucleotide sequences;
complete genomes
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